高考英语阅读理解强化训练Day47

高考英语阅读理解强化训练Day47Passage1Itisgenerallyacknowledgedthatyoungpeoplefrompoorersocio,economicbackgroundstendtodolesswellintheeducationsystem.Tohelpthechildrenofpoorfamilies,anationwideprogramcalled"Headstart"wasstartedintheUSin1965.Alotofmoneywaspouredintoit.Ittookchildrenintopre,schoolinstitutionsattheageofthreeandwassupposedtohelpthemsucceedinschool.Buttheresultsweredisappointing,becausethechildrenwhoentereditatthreewerealreadybehindtheirpeersinlanguageandintelligenceandtheparentswerenotinvolvedintheprocess.Attheendofeachday,"Headstart"childrenreturnedtothesamedisadvantagedhomeenvironment.Toimprovetheresults,anotherprogramwasstartedinMissourithatfocusedonparentsasthechild'sfirstteachers.Thisprogramwasbasedonresearchshowingthatworkingwiththefamilyisthemosteffectivewayofhelpingchildrengetthebestpossiblestartinlife.Thefour,yearstudyincluded380familieswhowereabouttohavetheirfirstchildandrepresenteddifferentsocio,economicstatus,ageandfamilystructure.Theprograminvolvedtrainededucatorsvisitingandworkingwiththeparentorparentsandthechild.Theprogramalsogavetheparentssomeguidanceandusefulskillsonchilddevelopment.Atthree,thechildreninthe"Missouri"programwereevaluatedwiththechildrenfromthesamesocio,economicbackgroundsandfamilysituations.Theresultswereobvious.Thechildrenintheprogramweremoreadvancedinlanguagedevelopment,problemsolvingandotherintellectualskillsthantheirpeers.Theyperformedequallywellregardlessofsocio,economicbackgroundsorfamilystructure.Theonefactorthatwasfoundtoaffectthechild'sdevelopmentwasthepoorqualityofparent,childinteraction.Thatinteractionwasnotnecessarilybadinpoorerfamilies.The"Missouri"programcomparesquitedistinctlywiththe"Headstart"program.Withoutasimilarfocusonparenteducationandonthevitalimportanceofthefirstthreeyears,someevidenceindicatesthatitwillnotbeenoughtoovercomeeducationalunfairness.Whatcontributestothefailureofthe"Headstart"program?Theparentswerenotincludedinit.Theprogramwasstartedtoolate.Onlythechildrenofpoorfamiliestookpartinit.Thegovernmentdidn'tprovideenoughmoneyforit.Whatdoweknowaboutthe"Missouri"program?Itfocusedonthechildrenfrompoorfamilies.Ithelpedthechildrenreturntothesamehome.Itmadethechildrenimprovedinmanyaspects.Itgavesomeadviceonparents'development.Accordingtothepassage,whatislikelytoinfluencechildren'sperformance?Thenumberoffamilymembers.Theteacher,studentrelationship.Theeconomicconditionoftheirparents.Theparent,childinteraction.Howdoestheauthordevelopthepassage?Bylistingfigures.Bymakingcomparisons.Bypresentingideas.Bydrawingconclusions.Passage2TheHarlemRenaissanceTheword"renaissance"means"rebirth".TheHarlemRenaissancetookplaceduringthe1920s.ItwasatimewhentheAfricanAmericanartisticcommunitygrewandflourished,producingatonofworkinashortperiodoftime.TheworkcelebratedAfricanAmericancultureandspoketotheirexperiencesasminorities boththe2goodpartsandthebadparts.AftertheCivilWar,manyAfricanAmericanslefttheSouthtoescapeunfairtreatmentandlawsthatdiscriminatedagainstthem.Between1910and1920,massivenumbersofblackSouthernersmovedfromtheruralsouthintotheurbanNorthandWestintheGreatMigration.TheAfricanAmericanpopulationofChicagomorethandoubledduringthattime!AndinNewYork,AfricanAmericansflockedtouptownManhattan,settinginaneighborhoodcalledHarem.FormingacommunitywithinthebigcityletAfricanAmericanskeeptheirculturalidentityinawhite-dominatedsociety.Itwasagoodthing,andalotofimportantculturalissueswerebroughttolightduringtheHarlemRenaissance.OneofthemostimportantfiguresofthetimewastheAfricanAmericanwriter,W.E.BDuBois.Inhisbook,TheSoulsofBackFolk,in1903,DuBoiswrotethatAfricanAmericanssufferedfromsomethingcalled"doubleconsciousness".Theyhadtheirownself-imagewhiletheysawthemselvesthroughtheeyesofwhiteAmericans.AndperformerslikeJosephineBakerandPaulRobesonbroughtAfricanAmericanculturetoallNewYorkers.TheRenaissancewassoinfluentialthat"Harlem"grewintosomethingofabrandname.AfricanAmericanswerepushingboundariesacrossallaspectsofsociety.Blackbusinessesbegantoflourish,creatingagrowingmiddleclass,likeMadameC.J.Walker,whotunedhercosmeticslineintoamilliondollarempire.Alltogether,theartists,andthinkersofthisperiodhelpedmobilizethelargerblackpopulation.YoungAfrican一Americanstookadvantageofimprovedaccesstohighereducation.Thisopenedupnewcareerpathsandopportunitiestoattainadvanceddegrees.Perhapsmostimportantly,people blackandwhite beganthepushforracialintegration,plantingtheseedsofwhatwouldeventuallybecomethecivilrightsmovementofthe1960s.1.WhydidmanyAfricanAmericansleavetheSouthaftertheCivilWar?A.ToescapeslaveryB.TofindjobsinagricultureC.ToavoidracialdiscriminationD.TogaincitizenshipHowdidW.E.B.DuBoiscontributetotheHarlemRenaissance?HeledtomovementtoreturntoAfrica.HecomposedfolkmusicbasedonAfricanAmericantheme.HewroteplaysabouttheAfrican-Americanexperience.HewroteaboutthestruggleforAfrican-Americanidentity.WhatcanyouinferabouttheeconomicstatusofAfricanAmericanspriortotheHarlemRenaissance?Nearlyallwereunemployedatthattime.Thevastmajoritywereconsideredlowerclass.Mostwereregardedasmiddleclass.Alargepercentagewererecognizedaswealthy.WhatactorallowedmanymoreAfricaAmericanstopursuecareersinfieldslikemedicineandlaw?SpreadofblackbusinessesAccesstohighereducationShiftfromagriculturetoindustryPushforunityamongallAfricansPassage3TheHandshakeIdon'tremembertheexactdateImetMartyforthefirsttime.Likealotofpeoplewhowanttogetthroughacheckoutline,Ifoundmythoughtsonspeed,nothingmore.ThelineIwasstandinginwasn'tmovingasquicklyasIwanted,andIglancedtowardthecashier,whowasbusyreceivingmoneyfromcustomers.Hewasanoldmaninhissixties.Ithought,well,itprobablytookhimalittlelongertogetthejobsdone.ForthenextfewminutesIwatchedhim.Hegreetedeverycustomerbeforehebeganscanningthegoodstheywerepurchasing.Sure,hiswordsweretheusual,"How'sitgoing?"Buthedidsomethingdifferent-heactuallylistenedtopeople.Thenhewouldrespondtowhattheyhadsaidandtalkwiththembriefly.Ithoughtitwasstrange,butIguessedIhadgrownaccustomedtopeopleaskingmehowIwasdoingsimplyoutofaconversationwithoutthinking.Usually,afterawhile,youdon'tgiveanythoughttothequestionandjustsaysomethingbackquietly.Thisoldcashierseemedsincereaboutwantingtoknowhowpeoplewerefeeling.Meanwhile,thehigh,techcashregisterranguptheirpurchasesandheannouncedwhattheyowed.Whencustomershandedmoneytohim,hepushedtheappropriatekeys,thecashdrawerpoppedopen,andhecountedouttheirchange.Thenmagichappened.Heplacedthechangeinhislefthand,walkedaroundthecountertothecustomers,andextendedhisrighthandinanactoffriendship.Astheirhandsmet,theoldcashierlookedthecustomersintheeyes."Iwanttothankyouforshoppingheretoday,"hetoldthem."Youhaveagreatday.Bye,bye."Thelooksonthefacesofthecustomerswerepriceless.Nowitwasmyturn.Iglanceddownatthenametagonhisredwaistcoat,thekindexperiencedWal,Martcashierwore.Itread,"Marty."MartytoldmehowmuchIowedandIhandedhimsomemoney.ThenextthingIknewhewasstandingbesideme,offeringhisrighthandandholdingmychangeinhislefthand.Hiskindeyeslockedontomine.Smiling,andwithafirmhandshake...Whiletheauthorstoodinthecheckoutline,shefelt.A.comfortable B.enthusiasticC.impatient D.embarrassedIntheopinionoftheauthor,peopletendedto.remaincalmwhilehavingatalktalkaboutunimportanttopicsdevelopamindlessconversationfacecommunicationproblemsTheauthorthoughtMartyspecialbecause.hespentasmuchtimeaspossibleservingcustomershewaspatientwithallthequestionsfromcustomersheshowedparticularinterestincustomers'personallifeheexpressedhissinceritywhilegivingbackthechangeWhatcanweinferfromthepassage?Martywasatalkativeman.Martycaredalotaboutwhathedid.Theauthorfailedtogetalongwellwithothers.Theauthorwasdissatisfiedwithsuchawasteoftime.Passage4Mycollegeexperienceincludedthislife-skilllesson:Drinkalcoholonafullstomach.Oryouwillgetinebriatedtooquickly.Ofcourse,mostcollegestudentsshouldn,tbedrinkingatall,butweknowfromtheNationalInstituteonAlcoholAbuseandAlcoholismthatcloseto60percentofcollegestudentsaged18to22doconsumealcohol,whichmakesharm-reducingapproachesimportant.Unfortunately,campusauthoritiesandresearchersarereportingapracticethatturnsthefull-stomachdrinkingstrategyonitshead:ratherthanfillingupbeforeanightofpartying,significantnumbersofstudentsrefusetoeatalldaybeforeconsumingalcohol.Thisisahigh-riskbehaviorcalled“drunkorexia,”whichisoneparteatingdisorder,onepartalcoholism一averydangerouscombinationforcollege-agestudents.Thetermdrunkorexia,whichcanalsoincludeexcessiveexerciseorpurgingbeforeconsumingalcohol,wascoinedabout10yearsago,anditstartedshowingupinmedicalresearcharound2012.Drunkorexiaaddressestheneedtobethelifeofthepartywhilestayingextremelythin,pointingtoaflawedmind-setaboutbodyimageandalcoholismamongcollegestudents,mostlywomen.Imaginethisscenario:Afemalecollegefreshmandoesn,teatanythingallday,exercisesonanemptystomach,thendownsfiveshotsoftequilainlessthantwohours.Becausethere,snofoodinhersystemtohelpslowtheabsorptionofalcohol,thoseshotsaffectherrapidly,leadingtoinebriationandpossiblypassingout,vomitingorsufferingalcoholpoisoning.That,sdrunkorexia.TavisGlassman,professorofhealtheducationandpublichealthattheUniversityofToledoinOhio,researchesdrunkorexiaandworriesaboutscenariossuchastheonedescribedabove:“Withnothinginhersystem,alcoholhitsquickly,andthatbringsupthesameissuesaswithanyhigh-riskdrinking:gettinghomesafely,sexualassault,unintentionalinjury,fights,hangoversthataffectclassattendanceandgrades,andpossiblyendingupinemergencybecausethealcoholhitssohard,”hesays.“Alcoholcannegativelyaffecttheliverorgastrointestinalsystem,itcaninterferewithsleep,lowertheimmunesystemandislinkedtoseveraltypesofcancers,”Hultinsays.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“inebriated”inparagraph1mean?A.excitedB.overwhelmedC.addictedD.drunkWecaninferfromthepassagethat.alargenumberofcollegestudentsspendmostoftheirnightspartyingsomecollegestudentsrefusetoeatbeforedrinkingalcoholtokeepslimThereisadirectlinkbetweenbodyimageandconsumingalcoholfemalecollegestudentismorelikelytobehurtifshedrinksalcoholWhichofthefollowingmayTavisGlassmanagreewith?Withmorefoodinone,ssystem,hemaysufferfromtheeffectsofalcoholslowly.Drinkingfiveshotsoftequilainlessthantwohoursistheperformanceofdrunkorexia.Thosewhodon,tattendclassesandhavelowergradestendtobeaddictedtoalcohol.D.Alcoholhasnegativeeffectsontheimmunesystemandmayleadtoseveralcancers.Passage5Oursocietyisgenerallybecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucraticmanagementinwhichmanbecomesasmall,well-oiledcoginthemachinery.Theoilingisdonewithhigherwages,Nell-ventilatedfactoriesandpipedmusic,andbypsychologistsand“human-relations”experts;yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless,thatheisboredwithit.Infact,theblueandthewhite-collarworkershavebecomeeconomicpuppetswhodancetothetuneofautomatedmachinesandbureaucraticmanagement.Theworkerandemployeeareanxious,notonlybecausetheymightfindthemselvesoutofajob;theyareanxiousalsobecausetheyareunabletoacquireanyrealsatisfactionofinterestinglife.Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Theirlivesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.Theyareevenmoreinsecureinsomerespects.Theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.Tobepromotedortofallbehindisnotamatterofsalarybutevenmoreamatterofself-respect.Whentheyapplyfortheirfirstjob,theyaretestedforintelligenceaswellasfortherightmixtureofobedienceandindependence.Fromthemomentontheyaretestedagainandagain—bythepsychologists,forwhomtestingisabigbusiness,andbytheirsuperiors,whojudgetheirbehavior,sociability,capacitytogetalong,etc.Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone,sfellowcompetitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.AmIsuggestingthatweshouldreturntothepreindustrialmodeofproductionortonineteenth-century“freeenterprise”capitalism?Certainlynot.Problemsareneversolvedbyreturningtoastagewhichonehasalreadyoutgrown.Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemformabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionendsinahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities—thoseofallloveandofreason—aretheaimsofsocialarrangements.Productionandconsumptionshouldserveonlyasmeanstothisend,andshouldbepreventedfromrulingman.By“awell-oiledcoginthemachinery”theauthorintendstodelivertheideathatmanis.anecessarypartthoughthefunctionofeachisinsignificantworkingincompleteharmonywiththerestofsocietyanunimportantpartincomparisonwiththerestofsocietyairreplaceablecomponentofsocietywhenworkingsmoothlyTherealcauseoftheanxietyoftheworkersandemployeesisthat.theyaremorelikelytolosetheirpresentworktheyhavenorealsatisfactionorinterestinlifetheyareconfrontedwiththefundamentalrealitiestheyaredeprivedofindividualityandindependenceFromthepassagewecanconcludethatrealhappinessoflifebelongstothosewhoalwaysliveatthebottomofthesocietywhotendtobehigherupintheirsocialstatuswhoprovebetterthantheirfellowcompetitorswhocoulddipfarawayfromthiscompetitiveworldTheauthor,sattitudetowardsindustrialismmightbestbesummarizedasoneof.A.approvalB.dissatisfactionC.suspicionD.sensibility参考答案Passage1A细节理解题。“Buttheresultsweredisappointing,becausethechildrenwhoentereditatthreewerealreadybehindtheirpeersinlanguageandintelligenceandtheparentswerenotinvolvedintheprocess.'但是结果令人失望，因为三岁的孩子在语言和智力上已经落后于同龄人，原因是父母没有参与这个过程；因此答案为A。C细节理解题。之多项细节理解题。根据第三段“Theresultswereobvious.Thechildrenintheprogramweremoreadvancedinlanguagedevelopment,problemsolvingandotherintellectualskillsthantheirpeers.”可知，参加了“Missouri''项目的孩子，在语言发展、问题解决和其他智力技能方面都比同龄人要高级；这个项目在多个方面让孩子提升很多。因此答案为C。D推断题。根据倒数第二段“Theonefactorthatwasfoundtoaffectthechild'sdevelopmentwasthepoorqualityofparent-childinteraction.Thatinteractionwasnotnecessarilybadinpoorerfamilies.”可知，影响孩子发展的一个因素就是父母与孩子之间交流的质量很差，而这种交流在家庭经济情况较差的家庭不一定就不如人；父母与孩子的交流更影响孩子的发展。因此答案为D。B写作策略题。本文分别举了Headstart和Missouri项目对孩子的发展进行研究，结果一个失败了，一个成功了，发现了父母与孩子的交流更影响孩子的智力发育，故可知，作者写这篇文章是通过对这两个项目进行对比的。因此答案为B。Passage2C细节理解题。定位在第二段'公版「theCivilWarmanyAfricanAmericanslefttheSouthtoescapeunfairtreatmentandlawsthatdiscriminatedagainstthem.”才艮据关键句可知，许多非洲裔美国人在内战之后离开南方为避免种族歧视。因此本题答案为CD细节理解题。定位在第二段“Inhisbook,TheSoulsofBackFolkin1903,DuBoiswrotethatAfricanAmericanssufferedfromsomethingcalled'doubleconsciousness'.”根据关键句可知，W.E.B.DuBois在哈莱姆文艺复兴时期写了一本书，描述了非裔美国人遭受着一种叫做"双重意识"的痛苦。因此本题答案为D10B推断题。根据“economic51@加5”可定位到最后一段“AfricanAmericanswerepushingboundariesacrossallaspectsofsociety.Blackbusinessesbegantoflourish,creatingagrowingmiddleclass”可知，非裔美国人在社会的各个方面都在挑战边界。黑人企业开始蓬勃发展，创造了一个不断壮大的中产阶级。但这是在哈莱姆文艺复兴之后，由此可以推断出，在此之前，非洲裔美国人的经济地位绝大多数被认为是较低级的。故选BB细节理解题。根据关键词定位在最后一段“YoungAfrican-Americanstookadvantageofimprovedaccesstohighereducation.Thisopenedupnewcareerpathsandopportunitiestoattainadvanceddegrees.”其中，newcareerpathsandopportunitiestoattainadvanceddegrees是题干medicineandlaw的同义改写。根据关键句可知，接受高等教育的演员允许更多的非洲裔美国人从事医学和法律等领域的事业。因此本题答案为BPassage3C情绪态度题。根据checkoutlines可定位至原文第一段，根据“ThelineIwasstandinginwasn'tmovingasquicklyasIwanted.”可得知作者的不耐烦，故正确答案是C。C细节理解题。根据题干中Intheopinionoftheauthor,结合题文一■致的特点，可以帮助我们将该题定位至第三段，“Ithoughtitwasstrange,butIguessedIhadgrownaccustomedtopeopleaskin