中考无忧 词性转换在手 【知识梳理+典例引路+拓展提升】 中考英语 必背核心知识精讲精练

中考无忧词性转换在手一、出题方向出题量最大，也是最难把握的方向——同词根不同词类之间的相互转换常考的相互转换词类有四种：名词、动词、形容词、副词名词动词、形容词动词、形容词名词动词形容词形容词动词形容词副词副词形容词做这样的转换需要平时大量的积累，建立词根词缀的概念，多掌握常用的词缀，灵活变通。最基本题型，必考方向——名词、代词、数词名词考察方向：1.复数代词考察方向：1.宾格2.形容词性、名词性物主代词转换3.反身代词可能出现数词考察方向：1.基数词、序数词的拼写与互换2.分数可能出现简单题型，多练即可把握——比较级最高级需要掌握：1.比较级和最高级的变化方式2.比较级和最高级的辨识关键词较难题型，多次转换，反义理解有时候词类之间需要越级变换，要仔细斟酌词类间的修饰关系，确保答案的正确性。较难题目不仅会越级变换，还需要添加反义，这需要更耐心细致地解题，分析题意。二、解题技巧形容词修饰名词、代词性成分；部分名词也可以修饰名词。动词、形容词、副词需要副词修饰，副词也可以修饰整句话。系动词后一般使用形容词，连系动词后尤其需要注意添加形容词，这点易和实义动词用副词修饰混淆。扎实掌握名词、代词、数词的基本知识。注意做完需要通读一下，检查反义及动词的时态语态问题。三、词性转换分类汇总1．动词转换为名词的常见方式1)“动词+ion”例如：pollute→pollution,invent→invention,discuss→discussion,decide→decision注意：review→revisionsolve→solution2)“动词去e+ation”例如：invite→invitation，organize→organization3)“动词+er”例如:work→worker,teach→teacher,write→writerspeak→speaker,run→runner,win→winner4)“动词+or"例如：invent→inventor,act→actor,visit→visitor,calculate→calculator5)“动词+ing"例如：build→building,begin→beginning,paint→painting,mean→meaning6)“动词十ment"例如：develop→development,amuse→amusement7)“动词十ress"例如：wait→waitress,act→actress8)“动词十ance"例如：appear→appearance,perform→performance9)其他serve—service服务speak—speech演讲fish—fisherman渔夫enter—entrance入口know—knowledge知识weigh—weight重量please—pleasure愉快choose—choice选择tour—tourist游客die—death死亡succeed—success成功fly—flight航班memorize—memory记忆mix—mixture混合物cook—cook/cooker厨师/厨具save—safety安全act—activity活动able—ability能力典题再现1典题再现1Tomneededan________onhisrightlegafterthetrafficaccident.(operate)ThefilmTheWanderingEarthwasagreat________duringtheSpringFestival.(succeed)Wehaven'tfoundthe________yet,butI'msurewe'reontherighttrack.(solve)Jackwantstobeanewspaper________whenhegrowsup.(report)Thedeliveryfeeshouldbepaidaccordingtothe________ofthepackage.(weigh)Someinterestingthingscameupinour________yesterday.（discuss）Thedoctordecidedto________Tim’sbrainatoncetoseeiftherewassomethingwrong.(exam)Lisawantedtobeatop________onthestagewhenshewasonlyfive.(dance)Themore________youdo,thegreaterprogressyou'llmake.(review)Parentsliketotaketheirchildrentothe________parksforfunduringtheholidays.(amuse)2．动词转换为形容词的常见方式1)“动词+ive"例如：act→active,attract→attractive2)“动词+able"例如：change→changeable,enjoy→enjoyable3)“动词+ing"例如：excite→exciting,follow→following，freeze—freezing寒冷的/（frozen冷冻的）4)“动词+ed"例如：frighten→frightened,bore→bored5)“动词+ful"例如：forget→forgetful健忘的/unforgettable/forgettable难忘的/易忘的6)其他：例如：depend→independent，like→likely，break→broken，die→dead，live→alivePleasev.→pleasuren.→pleasant令人愉快的（指物）/pleased满意的（指人）widen→wideenrich→richenable→able典题再现2典题再现2Lastmonththeweatherwasso________thatmanychildrenweredownwithflu.(change)Overtheyearsthecavewallhasbeenshapedbytherunningstream,anditlookslikea________waterfall.(freeze)Stevenreallylooked________whenhewastoonervoustotellothershisideas.(embarrass)Mountain-climbingisan________activityforyoungpeopleduringholidays.(enjoy)Thecompanyistryingtoimproveitsproductstomakethemmore________.(attract)Mygrandpaisgettingso________,Ihavetoremindhimtotakehismedicine.(forget)Mr.Smithisstillvery________althoughheisalreadyinhisseventies.(act)Withthehelpofmanystrangers,Ifoundmy________trainticket.(lose)3．名词转换为形容词的常见方式1)“名词+ful"例如：care→careful,use→useful,power→powerful2)”名词+less"例如：care→careless,home→homeless,help→helpless3)“名词+ly"例如：friend→friendly,love→lovely4)“名词+y"例如：sun→sunny,wind→windy,health→healthy,noise→noisy,luck→lucky,fun→funny5)“名词+ing"例如：interest→interesting6)“名词+n"例如：America→American,Australia→Australian7)“名词+ern"例如：south→southern,north→northern8)“名词+ous"例如：danger→dangerous9)“名词+en"例如：wood→wooden,gold→golden,wool→woolen10)“名词+al"例如：nation→national,education→educational,medicine→medical,nature→naturalchemistry→chemical,history→historical,physics→physical,tradition→traditional11)其他例如：office→officialfool→foolishforeigner→foreignwound→woundedelectricity电→electric电的→electrical与电有关的→electronic电子的典题再现3典题再现3Mydaughteris________withherglassesandhaslostthreepairs.(care)Manyitemsinour________usearemadeofplastic.(day)Billhasavery________mobilephoneandhecandomanythingswithit.(power)Therewere________chocolatesonsaleatthesupermarketbeforeChristmas.(variety)Somedevelopingcountriesareingreatneedof________careforchildren.(medicine)A________guidewelcomedtheguestsandshowedthemaroundtheoldtown.(Japan)Chinaisverydifferentfrom________countriesincultureandcustoms.(west)Thesecarsuseelectricityandare________totheenvironment.(friend)Scientistsareworkinghardtofindnewwaystopredict________disasters.(nature)Asaresultofthebloods,sixpeoplediedandthousandsweremade________.（home）4．形容词转换为名词的常见方式1)“形容词+y"例如：difficult→difficulty,honest→honesty2)“形容词词尾t改成ce"例如：different→difference,important→importance3)“形容词+ness"例如：ill→illness,kind→kindness,sad→sadness,happy→happiness4)“形容词+dom"例如：free→freedom,wise→wisdom5)其他例如：high→heightlong→lengthtrue→truthresponsible→responsibility典题再现4典题再现4Doinghouseworkteacheskidsindependence,careand________.(responsible)InWright’sfamily,thechildrenhavethe________tochoosewhattheywanttolearn.(free)IfeltIwasdoingwellandmy________begantogrow.(confident)Somefishintheoceancangrowtoa________offourfeet.(long)Inordertokeephealthy,youneeda________offoodanddrinksinyourdiet.(various)Thereistruthinanoldsayingthat________comeswithage.(wise)Hundredsofsoldiersdiedfrom________andhunger.(ill)5．形容词转换为副词的常见方式1)“形容词+ly“例如：quiet→quietcareful→carefullymain→mainly2)“形容词去y加ily“例如：easy→easilyheavy→heavilylucky→luckily3)“形容词le结尾的，去e变y“例如：possible→possiblygentle→gentlyterrible→terrible4)“形容词e结尾的，去e变ly“例如：true→truly(只有true特殊)nice→nicely5)“形容词不变“例如：early早late晚hard难的；努力地fast快wide(宽的)/widely(广泛的)典题再现5典题再现5TheInternetisbecomingmore________availableacrosstheworld.(wide)Tom'smotherisawaitress.Shealwaysspeaks________tohercustomers.(gentle)Whenit'sraining________outside,thestreetsusuallybecomemuchbusier.(heavy)Doctorsdideverythingthey________couldtosavehislife.(possible)Juliewas________boreddoingexerciseswhileChristinewasoutallday.(real)6．名词转换为名词的常见方式例如：art→artistscience→scientistpiano→pianistcity→citizencustom→customerengine→engineerfriend→friendshipbusiness→businessmanlaw→lawyerlibrary→librarianmusic→musicianoffice→officer(职员)/official(官员)典题再现6典题再现6Iama________.IhaveworkedattheUniversityofBritishColumbiafortwoyears.(library)ThetwoboysbecameBritish________andtheygainedtherighttovote(选举).(city)Therearemanyfarmer________inFengjingTown,Jinshan.(art)She

wasn't

an

_______

government

employee,

like

mostother

astronauts.(office)7．词性转换中前缀的使用例如：possible→impossible(polite,patient) tell→retell(build,write,use)healthy→unhealthy(happy,lucky,usual) honest→dishonest(advantage)regular→irregular rich→enrich(able) convenient→inconvenient(experienced/correct/direct/expensive/complete)典题再现7典题再现7Sandyenjoysreadingbooksandshebelievesitcan________herwholelife.(rich)Althoughyourproductsareprettygood,wewillfindone________.(advantage)Ifyouareso________,whydon’tyouchangeschools?(happy)Itis________forpeopletoflytoMarsinasolar-poweredplanenow.(possible)Thecomputer________peopletocommunicatewitheachothermoreconveniently.(able)Heisaveryshyboyanditis________forhimtobesoactiveinclasstoday.(usual)8．国名——国籍例如：Australia—AustralianAmerica—AmericanCanada—CanadianBritain—BritishEngland—EnglishItaly—ItalianFrance—FrenchGermany—German(德国人复数Germans)China—ChineseJapan—JapaneseKorea—Korean典题再现8典题再现8Dan’sneighborisfrom________andthefamilyhas3lovelychildren.(German)________,togetherwithtwelveothercountries,hasjoinedtheorganization.(Chinese)________peopleoftenstarttheirconversationsbytalkingabouttheweather.(Britain)FloodsaretheNo.1natural___________intheworld.(kill)IfMaryisn’tsatisfiedwiththestyleofuniforms,whynotdesignthem___________?(she)Aftertheearthquake,thousandsofpeoplewereleft___________.(home)Ihopethecompanywill___________somethinglikehomeworkrobotsinthenearestfuture.(product)Ourgovernmenthaspaidgreatattentionto___________rightsnowadays.(work)Thankstotheschoolclubs,Adamtookupmany_________beforehegraduated.(hobby)Aliceisbusyplanningapartywithherfriendstocelebrateher___________birthday.(twelve)Johnisanindependentboyandhecandealwithdifferentproblemsby___________(he)Theauthor'slatestnoveldidn't___________aswellasithadbeenexpected.(sale)The__________ofmanymoderntechnologieshasgreatlychangedourlives.(invent)Jimandhisfriendshadan_________dayatShanghaiDisneylandParkyesterday.(enjoy)Themobilephoneiscompletely________becauseitdroppedintowaterjustnow.(use)Austinwasinhis___________whenhemetamusician.(twenty)Willyougo___________withmeinthetaxifare?(half)Ifeltsickintheevening,butthe___________dayIfeltbetter.(follow)Themapshowstheexact___________oftheplacewhereI’mgoing.(locate)Shewasdeeply___________aboutbeingleftoutoftheschoolteamwithoutanyreason(happy)We'dliketolearnaboutothers’___________sideandbecomeabetterperson.(bright)Ithinktheywill___________themeetingwellnextmonth.(organization)TonyhasgonetoAustraliaandwillstaythereformorethantwo___________.（month）Itseemsto___________thatnaturecanbesodamagingtothosekindpeople.（fair）Iattendedtheprofessor’slectureyesterday,butIdidn’tenjoyhis_______verymuch.（speak）ThefirstChinaInternationalImportExpobeganonNovemberthe________,2018inShanghai.（five）Cigaretteendswhichpeoplecarelesslythrowawayarethe________causeofforestfires.（possibly）His________designwontheheartofcustomersandtheproductsweresoldoutinaweek.（create）Sofartheinventionhasnotbeen________usedinindustryorinanyotherfield.（wide）Thedoctors________ontheboyandtookoutthebuttonbatteryinhisstomachlastnight.（operation）Mygrandmaisinterestedintaking________withhermobilephone.（photo）Theplaywasvery________onBroadwayandeverybodyhasenjoyedit.（success）Lisalearnsroad________bywalkingtoandfromschoolalongwithherparents.（safe）Welookforwardtowelcomingyouandwithyoua________journey.（please）Tomisfacingadifficult________betweenstayingwithhisfamilyandworkinginTibet.（choose）Thestudentsallfoundit_______tofinishsomuchhomeworkinanhour.（possible）Manyuniversitystudentsenterforthesecoursesto________skillsfortheirfuturejobs.(wide)WhenyouthinkofVenice,doesitbringanyother________citytoyourmind?(Europe)Theexpertsaysteamworkandleadershiparenecessaryfor________.(succeed)Thecustomersfelt________withthequalityoftheserviceoftherestaurant.(satisfy)IlivedinLondonformanyyears,butI’veneverregrettedmyfinal________tomovebacktoChina.(decide)Withtherapidpopulation________,manyprimaryschoolswillbebuiltinourcity.(grow)Thebestwaytomanagemoneyis________tomakeabudgetandavoidunnecessaryspending.(probable)Chinaheldits___________importexpo(进博会)inShanghailastyear.(one)TheInternet___________peopletoordertheirfoodconvenientlyathome.(able)Wecanseemore___________driversdrivebusesonhighwaysbetweencities.(woman)Tobe________,thismobilephonecompanyhastheopportunitytobeoneofthebestonesinthenearfuture.(seriously)Chinesepeoplearetryingtheirbesttobringmoreandmore________tothemselves.(happy)Childrenandoldpeoplemayeasilyfallillbecauseofthe________weatherinearlyspring.(change)DidJennyacceptTom’s________offeryesterday?Shereallyneedshishelp.(three)Wewereterribly________bythehugefigureatmidnight.(frighten)Vincentwastoo________.Hewasstillunawareofthechangesofhisfamily.(careful)Don’tjumpto________.Youshouldthinkitover.(conclude)AfamousChinesewriter,JinYong,________onOctober30,2018.(death)Childrenshouldlearnhowtobe________whentheygrowup.(depend)Itisreportedthatseveral__________happenedinthevillagelastyear.(robbery)Thenewmeetingroominourschoolistwiceasbigas__________.(they)Manypeopleareamazedatthe__________oftheHangzhouBayBridge.(long)Youshouldworkhardenoughifyouwantto__________inthefinalexam.(success)DuringourvisittoEurope,wesawquiteafew_________inmanycountries.(church)Thesenewbooksandmagazinesonthatbookshelfbelongto_________.(we)ThePeop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