2019年英语新译林必修三（江苏专用）讲义Unit3单元小结

Mikeisthirteenyearsoldandheiswisebuthisfamilyisnotwealthy.Theirhouseisnotfarfromavolcanowhichusedtoeruptmanyyearsago.Astheirlifeisnotingoodcondition,heoftengoestothecommercialmarkettocollecttheremainsofwastethings.Becausetheirrepublicisatwarwiththeneighbours,heisseldomatschool.However,whilestudyingatschool,heattendstheteachers'lecturesattentivelyandcarefully.Heisveryinterestedinwhattheteacherssaidaboutstatues,ruinsandsoonburiedbeneaththeground,sohegraduallybecomesinvolvedinarchaeology.Hisfatherworkedinapaintfactoryandgotasmallsalary.Butoneday,hisfatherwasworkingintheworkshopwhenanairplaneexplodedintheairandfellin.Hisfatherwasbadlyinjuredandsenttoanearbyhospital.Unfortunately,hisfatherdied.Whenhewasawareofthis,hewasdrivenmadandwasindeepsorrow.Andhehasmadeuphismindtouniteallthepeople,overthrowthecorruptgovernmentandbuildanewonewhenhegrowsup.Hewishesthattherewouldbeasolutiontoenduptheconfusion.Hewishesthathewouldbuildamemorialinmemoryofhisfatherandtheotherpeoplewhodiedduetothewar.Healsowishes...迈克今年十三岁了，家境不富裕，可他是个聪明的孩子。他家住在离一座火山并不远的地方，多年前这个火山还喷发过。由于生活条件不好，他经常到贸易市场里去捡垃圾。因为他所在的国家正与邻国打仗，所以他很少去上学。但只要在学校学习，他都会认真听老师讲课。当老师讲到埋在地下的塑像、遗迹等时，他就特别感兴趣，因此他渐渐迷恋上了考古学。他父亲在一家油漆厂工作，拿一份很少的薪水。可是有一天，他父亲正在车间里干活，天上一架飞机爆炸掉到了车间里。他父亲严重受伤，很快被送到了附近的一家医院。不幸的是，他父亲去世了。当他意识到他父亲已离他而去时，他都要疯了并陷入到深深的悲痛中。他暗下决心：当他长大时他要联合所有的人，推翻腐败的政府成立新政府。他希望总有办法结束这种混乱局面。他希望他能建一座纪念碑来纪念父亲及其他因战争而死去的人。他还希望……加餐练(一)完形阅读组合练Ⅰ.完形填空Itis2,000yearssincetheChinesebegantomakepaper.__1__everybodyknows,paperwasoneofthemostimportant__2__inChinesehistory.Itisbecauseoftheinventionthat__3__ofChinesehistorywaskept.However,in__4__partsoftheworld,muchofthehistoryoverhundredsofyearsis__5__becausetheyhadnopaperinthesecountries.Canyou__6__thatancientChinesepeopleusedto__7__recordsbyputtingmanystonestogetherintheolddays?Aswritingwasdeveloped,wordswere__8__onanimalbones,lateronmetalpots,examplesofthesehavebeen__9__fromthe16thtothe3rdcenturiesBC.__10__thesecondandthefifthcenturiesAD,wordswerewrittenonpiecesofbambooor__11__.Maybeyouhaveseenthe__12__books,whichwasmadeofpiecesofbambooorwoodonwhichwordswerewritten.About2,000years__13__，anotherkindofpaperwas__14__，whichwasmadefrom__15__.Itwasmuch__16__towriteanddrawonitthanbambooorwood,butitwastooexpensive,sopeoplemadeakindofpaperfromfibersof__17__，suchastheoutsideoftrees,andfrompiecesofoldclothes.Thiskindofpaperwasas__18__assilkbutmuchcheaper.Itisinthefirstcentury__19__themakingofpaperhadbeenwelldevelopedinChina.Inthe18thcenturyapapermaking__20__wasbuiltintheMiddleEast.Andlateron,Spain,RussiaandAmericabegantomakepaperaswell.语篇解读：纸是中国古代的四大发明之一。正是由于它的发明，许多中国历史才得以保存。那么，书写究竟经历了怎样的发展，才最终落到了纸上呢？1．A.AsB．LikeC．Therefore D．Thus解析：选Aas为关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句，指的是后面主句的内容，可译为“正如(As)大家所知道的那样”。2．A.deeds B．discoveriesC．characters D．inventions解析：选D根据后面一句话中的invention可知此处为inventions。3．A.many B．fewC．little D．much解析：选D根据句意“由于有了这项发明，许多(much)中国历史才得以保存”可知选much；下文中的muchof也是提示。4．A.all B．someC．any D．other解析：选Dinotherpartsoftheworld“在世界的其他地方”，此处是泛指。5．A.known B．unknownC．remained D．puzzled解析：选B根据后面的原因状语从句可知：没有纸就没有历史的记载，也就不知道(unknown)以前的历史，故用unknown。6．A.think B．trustC．imagine D．consider解析：选Cimagine“想象”。7．A.keep B．createC．write D．break解析：选A文章讲的是书写的历史，所以用keeprecords，意为“记录信息”。create,write和break在此处意思不符合。8．A.written B．drawnC．carved D．printed解析：选C此处句意为“随着书写的发展，字被刻(carve)在了兽骨上”，所以此处用carved。9．A.seen B．lookedC．glanced D．stared解析：选A从公元前16世纪到公元前3世纪，字都是刻在兽骨或是金属制品上。这里用seen表示现代人看到的结果。10．A.Between B．FromC．In D．On解析：选Abetween...and...意为“在……和……之间”。11．A.paper B．stonesC．bone D．wood解析：选D从下面一句来看，应为wood。句意为“在公元2世纪和5世纪之间，人们把文字写在竹片或木头(wood)上”。12．A.earliest B．thickestC．helpful D．biggest解析：选A联系上下文来看，只有“最早的(earliest)”书才能写在竹片和木头上，所以此处用earliest。13．A.before B．agoC．later D．after解析：选Bago是以“现在”为起点，before是以“过去”为起点，这里是指大约2000年“前(ago)”。14．A.developed B．beinginventedC．appeared D．discovered解析：选A句意：大约2000年前，另一种纸“产生(develop)”了。从上文中writingwasdeveloped也能得到暗示。15．A.wood B．silkC．cloth D．bamboo解析：选B联系上文来看，可以排除bamboo和wood；联系下文来看，以后出现的纸是用cloth做的，所以可排除cloth；根据后面的tooexpensive可以断定此处为silk。16．A.harder B．convenientC．easier D．slower解析：选C在丝绸上写和画比在竹片或木头上写和画“更容易(easier)”，故用easier。17．A.cloth B．plantsC．animals D．skins解析：选B从后面的举例“树皮”来看，是用“植物(plant)”纤维造纸，所以选择plants。18．A.hard B．goodC．gentle D．different解析：选B有了树皮和旧衣服当替代品，效果和丝绸一样“好(good)”，但是便宜得多，所以用good。19．A.when B．thatC．what D．why解析：选BItis...that...是强调句型。20．A.company B．factoryC．house D．building解析：选B此处指的是“造纸厂”。Ⅱ.阅读理解TheHangingGardenswereoneofBabylon'Theywereoneofthesevenwondersoftheancientworld,yetnooneknowsforsurewhethertheyexisted.TheHangingGardensofBabylonHistoriansarefairlycertainthattheyknowtheanswertothefirstquestion:Wherewerethey?Recentexcavations(发掘)oftheancientcityofBabylonhaveshowedusalikelypossibilitythattheGardensweren'treallyhangingbutwereonhighrooftops,givingthewrongideaofhanginginthesky.Ithasbeensuggestedthattheplantsthatfilledtherooftopgardenhadvined(长成藤蔓)solongthattheycoveredthebuildingwalls,givingtheimpressionthattheplantshunginthemiddleoftheair.Infact,thenamecomesfromamisapprehensionoftheGreekword“kremastos”ortheLatinword“pensilis”，whichmeansnotjust“hanging”，but“overhanging”asinthecaseofaterrace(平台)．Oneofthemostcommonmysterieshasbeenhowtheplantswerewatered.Babylon,afterall,isinthemiddleofadesert.Excavationsinrecentyearshaveclearlyexplainedthisquestion.Archaeologists(考古学家)nowthinkthatakindofwateringsystemwasdesigned,whichislikeourmodernconveyorbelt(传送带).Nosuchthinghasbeenfound,ofcourse,buttheevidencethathasbeenfoundfitsinwiththisguess.语篇解读：本文介绍了古巴比伦的空中花园。1．WhatcanwelearnabouttheHangingA．Thevinesweretoolongtodealwith.B．Peopleregardedthemasthegreatestattractions.C．Peoplegotawrongideaaboutthem.D．Theywerehunginthemiddleoftheair.解析：选C细节理解题。由第三段“Recentexcavationsofthe...wrongideaofhanginginthesky.”可知，关于空中花园，人们的理解是不对的。2．Theunderlinedword“misapprehension”inthethirdparagraphmeans________.A．miscountingB．misspendingC．mistreating D．misunderstanding解析：选D词义猜测题。由第三段“whichmeansnotjust‘hanging’，but‘overhanging’asinthecaseofaterrace.”可推知，此处是说空中花园这个名字源于对不同国家词汇的误解。3．ItwashardtowatertheplantsaroundtheHangingA．fewpeoplelivednearbyB．theywereinthemiddleofadesertC．nobodyknewtheexactplaceD．theywerebuilttoohigh解析：选B细节理解题。由最后一段“Oneofthemost...themiddleofadesert.”可知，对空中花园周围植物灌溉难是因为古巴比伦处于沙漠之中。4．What'sthemainideaofthepassage?A．Itdescribesthesevenwondersoftheancientworld.B．Itshowstheachievementsofarchaeologists.C．Itexplainsthecertainanswersfromhistorians.D．ItintroducesBabylon'sHanging解析：选D主旨大意题。由文章内容对古巴比伦空中花园的介绍可推知答案。加餐练(二)失分题型强化练Ⅰ.任务型阅读TherelationshipbetweenparentsandchildreninAmericaisveryinformal.Americanparentstrytotreattheirchildrenasindividuals—notasextensionsofthemselves.Theyallowthemtofulfilltheirowndreams.Americanspraiseandencouragetheirchildrentogivethemtheconfidencetosucceed.Whenchildrenbecomeadults,theirrelationshipwiththeirparentsbecomesmorelikeafriendshipamongequals.Butcontrarytopopularbelief,mostadultAmericansdon'tmaketheirparentspayforroomandboardwhentheycometovisit.Evenasadults,theyrespectandhonortheirparents.Mostyoungcoupleswithchildrenstrugglewiththeissueofchildcare.Mothershavetraditionallystayedhomewiththeirchildren.Inrecentyears,though,agrowingtrendistoputpreschoolersinadaycarecentersoMomcanwork.ManyAmericanshavestrongfeelingsaboutwhichtypeofarrangementisbest.Somearguethatattendingadaycarecentercanbeapositiveexperienceforchildren.Othersinsistthatmothersarethebestcaregiversforchildren.Anumberofwomenarenowleavingtheworkforcetobecomefull­timehomemakers.DiscipliningchildrenisanotherareathatAmericaparentshavedifferentopinionsabout.Manyparentsfeelthatanold­fashionedspanking(一顿打)helpsyoungsterslearnwhat“No！”means.Otherspreferalternateformsofdiscipline(纪律，训练).Forexample,“timeouts”havebecomepopularinrecentyears.Childrenin“timeout”havetositinacornerorbyawall.Theycangetuponlywhentheyarereadytoactnicely.Olderchildrenandteenagerswhobreaktherulesmaybegrounded,ornotallowedtogooutwithfriends.Someoftheirprivileges(特权)athomelikeTVortelephoneusemayalsobetakenawayforawhile.Althoughdisciplineisn'tfunforparentsorchildren,it'sanecessarypartoftraining.Beingaparentisatallorder.Ittakespatience,love,wisdom,courageandagoodsenseofhumortoraisechildren.Somepeoplearejustdecidingnottohavechildrenatall,sincethey'renotsureit'sworthit.Butraisingchildrenmeanstrainingthenextgenerationandpreservingourculture.Whatcouldbeworthmorethanthat?TheJobofRaisingChildrenParagraphoutlineSupportingdetailsIntroductionItisnoeasytaskto(1)bringupchildern.Parentssometimesfeelveryfrustrated,notknowingwhattodo.ThegoalofparentsTheyhelpchildrenstandontheirowntwofeet(2)insteadofdependingonparents.TherelationshipbetweenparentsandchildrenAninformalrelationshipexistsbetweenAmericanparentsandchildren.·Childrenarepraisedand(3)encouragedtorealizetheirdreams.·Childrenaretreatedequallymorelike(4)friends.TheissueofchildcareMostyoungcouplestrugglewiththisissue.·(5)Traditionally,_mothersstayedhomewithkids.·Recently,adaycarecenteriswherepreschoolersareput.·Thereisa(n)(6)argumentoverwhetherattendingadaycarecenterisapositiveexperienceforchildren.(7)ApproachestodiscipliningchildrenAmericanparentshavedifferentopinions.·“Timeouts”havebecome(8)popularinrecentyears.·(9)Takingawaysomeprivilegesisawaytopunishsomeolderchildrenandteenagers.ConclusionRaisingchildrentakespatience,loves,wisdom,courageetc.