高中语法复习：虚拟语气考点归纳

语法复习：虚拟语气考点归纳虚拟语气用来表达一种与事实相违背的假设、愿望或建议，通过谓语动词来表示。高考真题例句：I’vediscoveredIpossessalargeamountoftalentsandskillsthatneverIwouldhavethoughtwerewithinmehaditnotbeenformybeingopentotryingnewopportunities.我发现，如果不是因为我愿意尝试新的机会，我自己根本不会想到自己拥有大量的才能和技能。考点一、条件句中的虚拟语气IfIhadalotofmoney,Iwouldbuyabighouse.IfIweretheleader,Iwouldgiveyouadayoffeveryweek.Ifthesunweretorise/rose/shouldroseinthewesttomorrow,Iwouldfollowyou.Ifyouhadcome(come)afewminutesearlier,youwouldhavemeet(meet)him.(与过去事实相反，事实上你来晚了)Ifyouhadfollowed(follow)theteacher’sadvice,youwouldhavepassed(pass)theexam.(与过去事实相反，事实上你没通过考试）从句条件从句的谓语主句的谓语与现在相反v过去式did,were,should,would,might,could+do与过去相反v过去完成式should,would,might,could+havedone与将来相反v过去式did,shoulddo,weretodoshould,would,might,could+do特殊一、错综时间虚拟句当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，这种虚拟条件句称为错综时间虚拟句。Ifyouhadtakenthedoctor'sadvice，youwouldbebetternow.如果你过去听从了医生的建议，你现在就会好多了。特殊二、省略if的倒装句在条件句中可省略if，把were，should或had提到句首，进行倒装。①Ifyouhadcomeearlier，youwouldhavemether.→Hadyoucomeearlier，youwouldhavemether.如果你早点来，你就会见到她了。②Ifheshouldcometomorrow，Iwouldgivehimthedictionary.→Shouldhecometomorrow，Iwouldgivehimthedictionary.如果他明天来，我就把这本词典给他。典型例题WereItodothework,Ishoulddoitsomeotherday.Shouldhecometomorrow,hewouldshowushisnewpictures.HadInotseenthesun,Icouldhavebornetheshade.在虚拟条件状语中如果有were,should,had这三个词,主语提前,变成were,should,had+主语的形式。特殊三、含蓄条件句有时假设的情况并不以条件句表示出来，而是暗含在上下文中，比如通过without，butfor，otherwise，or,but等词或短语来表示。例如：Withoutyourhelp,wewouldn'thavefinishedtheworkintime.(＝Ifwehadn'tgotyourhelp)Withoutwater,wewouldn'tliveontheearth.Iwassobusythen;otherwise,Iwouldhavehelpedyou.(＝IfIhadnotbeensobusythen)Iwouldhavehelpedyou,butIwasbusythen.Butfortheleadershipoftheparty,wewouldn'tliveahappylifetoday.=Ifitwerenotfortheleadershipoftheparty,wecouldnotliveahappylifetoday.=Wereitnotfor…要不是……Butforyourhelp,Iwouldn'thavepassedtheexam.=Ifithadn’tbeenforyourhelp,Iwouldn’thavepassedtheexam.=Haditnotbeenfor…要不是……考点二、坚、建、要、命一坚持(insist)二命令(order/command),三建议(suggest/advise/recommend)四要求(demand/request/require/desire),等这些词后面接的宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中都用虚拟语气should+do,should可以省略。Theteachersuggestedthattheplan(should)becarriedoutatonce.(宾语从句)Itissuggestedthattheplan(should)becarriedoutatonce.（主语从句）Theteacher’ssuggestionisthattheplan(should)becarriedoutatonce.（表语从句）Theteachergaveasuggestionthattheplan(should)becarriedoutatonce.（同位语从句）【特例】★suggest表“暗示”，insist表“坚持说”时不用虚拟语气。试比较：Hesuggestedthatwe(should)stayfordinner.他建议我们留下吃饭。Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthatheissatisfiedwithourwork.他脸上的微笑表明他对我们的工作很满意。Heinsistedthathehadn'tstolenthemoneyandthatheshouldbesetfreeatonce.那个人坚持说他没有偷钱并且要求立刻被释放。考点三、表示愿望wish,ifonly,wouldrather后的虚拟语气表示现在的愿望，从句中用did/wereIwishIwereastallasYaoMing.表示将来的愿望,从句中用woulddo/coulddoIwishIwouldlandonthemooninthefuture.HowIwishIwouldlandonthemooninthefuture.IfonlyIwouldlandonthemooninthefuture.表示过去不能实现的愿望,从句中用过去完成时haddone1.IwishIwereabird.（现在）IfonlyIwereabird.2.IwishIhadn’tmadesuchamistake.（过去）IfonlyIhadn'tmadesuchamistake.3.IwishIwouldlandonthemoon.(将来)IfonlyIwouldlandonthemoon.与将来事实相反：Iwouldratherhecametomorrow.与现在事实相反Iwouldratheryoustudiedharder.与过去事实相反Iwouldratherhehadnottoldmethewholetruth.Wish/Ifonly+did(与事实相反的情况)+haddone(与过去事实相反)+would/could/might+do(将来不大可能实现的愿望)wouldrather+did(与将来和现在事实相反的情况)+haddone(与过去事实相反)考点四：asif/asthoughdid与现在事实相反的haddone与过去事实相反或想象的事物Theygreetedeachotherasiftheyhadmet(meet)before.MrLiutreatsyouasifyouwere(be)hisownchildren.考点五、Itishightimethat+shoulddo/didItishightimethatweshouldwork/workedhard.小练习：语篇填空WhenIwasinmiddleschool,Ididn'tstudyEnglishhard.Asweallknow,itisimportanttolearnEnglish.HowIwishI1.________(study)ithardthen.IfI2.________(follow)myEnglishteacher'sadvice,myEnglish3.________(be)betternow.IfI4.________(be)goodatEnglish,Iwouldrankhigherinmyclass.WiththeCollegeEntranceExaminationdrawingnear,Ifeelgreatlystressfulandanxious.NowIhavemadeitaruletoreadEnglishforonehoureveryday,thinkingonedayIwillspeakEnglishasifI5.________(be)anEnglishnativespeaker.Tomygreatrelief,myfriendsdidalltheycouldtohelpmewithmyEnglish.OnesuggestedthatI6.________(listen)totheteacherwithallmyattention;anotherofferedmegreatencouragement,sayingsolon