被动语态语法知识点精讲

被动语态语法知识点精讲:一、不用被动语态的情况(1不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态:appear,diedisappear,end(vi结.束,fail,happen,last,lie,remain,sit,spread,standbreakout,cometrue,fallasleep,keepsilence,loseheart,takeplace.Afterthefire,verylittleremainedofmyhouse.比较:rise,fall,happen是不及物动词;raise,seat是及物动词。(错Thepricehasbeenrisen.对(Thepricehasrisen.(错Theaccidentwashappenedlastweek对.(Theaccidenthappenedlastweek.(2不能够用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语:fit,have,hold,marry,own,wish,cost,notice,watchagreewith,arriveat/in,shakehandswith,succeedin,sufferfrom,happento,takepartin,walkinto,belongtoThiskeyjustfitsthelock.Yourstoryagreeswithwhathadalreadybeenheard.(3系动词无被动语态:appear,bebecome,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turnItsoundsgood.(4带同源宾语的及物动词,反身代词,相互代词,不能够用于被动语态:die,death,dream,live,lifeShedreamedabaddreamlastnight.(5当宾语是不定式时,很少用于被动语态。(对Shelikestoswim.(错Toswimislikedbyher.二、主动形式表示被动意义(1wash,clean,cook,iron,look,cut,sell,read,wear,feel,draw,write,sell,driveThebooksellswell.这本书销路好。Thisknifecutseasily.这刀子很好用。(2blame,let(出租,remain,keep,rent,buildIwastoblamefortheaccident.Muchworkremains.(3在need,require,want,worth形(容词,deserve后的动名词必定用主动形式。Thedoorneedsrepairing.=Thedoorneedstoberepaired.Thisroomneedscleaning.这房间应该打扫一下。Thisbookisworthreading.这本书值得一读。(4特别结构:makesb.heard/understood使(别人能听见/理解自己,havesth.done(要某人做某事。三、被动形式表示主动意义bedetermined,bepleased,begraduated(from,befinished,beprepared(for,beoccupied(in,getmarriesHeisgraduatedfromafamousuniversity.他毕业于一所有名的大学。注意:表示同某人结婚,用marrysb.或getmarriedtosb.都可。Hemarriedarichgirl.Hegotmarriedtoarichgirl.四、need/want/require/worth注意:当need,want,require,worth(形容词后边接doing也能够表示被动。Yourhairwantscutting.你的头发该理了。Thefloorrequireswashing.地板需要冲洗。Thebookisworthreading.这本书值得一读。育才初中8B语法之被动语态讲解一、主动语态与被动语态的看法:英语动词的语态有两种:⑴主动语态:表示主语是动作的执行者⑵被动语态:表示主语是动作的承受者(常常没在有必要指出动作的执行者情况下使用例:TheyspeakEnglish.(主动语态主谓宾(被动语态主谓介词短语注:☆及物动词有被动语态,不及物动词必定带有介词才能够有被动语态。例:⑴Welistentotheteachercarefullyinclass.主谓宾Theteacherislistenedtobyuscarefullyinclass.主谓介词短语→二、被动语态的结构与用法:㈠结构:be+done(过去分词被动语态中的be为助动词,没心义。be可能是am,is,are也可能是was,were或原形be。注:☆被动语态的时态是由be的时态决定的,be是什么时态,全句就是什么时态,be后边的过去分词不变。㈡用法:例:①Historyismadebythepeople.一(般现在时②ThecarsweremadeinTianjingin1995.一(般过去时Thetreewillbecutdownnextyear.(一般将来时④Theroommustbekeptclean.含(有神情动词的被动语态Thedoorisbeingopened.现(在进行时⑥Thefilmhasbeenseenbyme现.(在完成时注:我们初中主要掌握前面四种的用法时态动词的被动形式例句一般现在时isdoneHeisaskedtodothis.一般过去时wasdoneThestorywastoldbyhermother.一般将来时willbedoneTheproblemwillbediscussedtomorrow.现在进行时isbeingdoneThenovelisbeingwritten.过去进行时wasbeingdoneAtthattimethedeskwasbeingmade.现在完成时hasbeendoneThehousehasbeenbuilt.过去完成时hadbeendoneTheysaidthattheirworkhadbeenfinished.过去将来时wouldbedoneHesaidthetreeswouldbeplantedsoon.三、被动语态的各种句型:1、Thesongislikedbyyoungpeople.肯(定句2、Thesongisn’tlikedbyyoungpeople(否定句3、Isthesonglikedbyyoungpeople?(一般疑问句4、Whoisthesonglikedby?=Bywhomisthesongliked?(特别疑问句四、主动语态改被动语态的方法:方法分为三步:⑴把原句中的宾语改成主语⑵动词改为变动形式bedone(同时注意时态⑶原来的主语若是需要的话放在介词by后边,以指明做事的人或物,若是没有必要则省去例:Themankilledatiger.Atigerwaskilledbytheman.(改的过程中要注意时态和语态两个方面五、特别句型的被动语态:⑴含有使役动词(make/let/have或感官动词(hear,see,listento,lookat,find,watch,feel等的句子,在主动语态中这些词后常跟不带to的动词不定式,但是在改成被动语态时,则必然要把省去的to再加上去,别的help这一个词在主动语态中后边的动词不定式能够带to,也可不带to,但在被动语态中也必定把to加上去。例:①Motheroftenmakesmedosomehousework.Iamoftenmadetodosomehouseworkbymother.Wesawhimrunintotheclassroom.Hewasseentorunintotheclassroombyus.teach,give,pass,show,buy,tell等动词常常带有两个宾语(双宾语:直接宾语和间接宾语,改为被动语态时,两个宾语能够选其中任一个作主语。若是直接宾语被提前作主语,那么间接宾语(一般是人前要加相应的介词to/for。例:①Shegavemeapen.=Shegaveapentome.Iwasgivenapenbyher.Apenwasgiventomebyher.Myfatherboughtmeanewbike.=Myfatherboughtanewbikeforme.Iwasboughtanewbikebymyfather.Anewbikewasboughtformebymyfather.⑶由不及物动词(vi+介词/副词+宾语的句子改成被动语态时,介词或副词不能够抛弃。(前面已举过两例例:①Weshouldspeaktooldpeoplepolitely.Oldpeopleshouldbespokentopolitely(byus.Hetookawaythebox..Theboxwastakenawaybyhim.⑷含有宾语补足语的句子改为变动语态。(宾补放在原来地址不变例:①WecallhimXiaoMa.主谓宾宾补HeiscalledXiaoMabyus.Hefoundthebookveryinteresting.Thebookwasfoundveryinterestingbyhim.六、被动语态的用法(1不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。比方:Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的Thisbookwaspublishedin1981这.本书初版于1981年。(2重申换作的承受者,而不重申换作的执行者。比方:thewindowwasbrokenbyMike.窗户是迈克打破的。Thisbookwaswrittenbyhim.这本书是他写的。Eighthoursperdayforsleepmustbeguaranteed每.天8小时睡眠必定获取保证。歌诀:谁做的动作不知道,说出谁做的没有必要;动作承受者需重申,被动语态运用到。七、主动语态变被动语态的方法(1把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。(2把谓语变成被动结构(be+过去分词(依照被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数,以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式。(3把主动语态中的主语放在介词by此后作宾语,将主格改为宾格。比方:Allthepeoplelaughedathim.Hewaslaughedatbyallpeople.Theymakethebikesinthefactory.Thebikesaremadebytheminthefactory.歌诀是:宾变主,主变宾,by短语后边跟。谓语动词变被动,be后“过分”来使用。八、含有神情动词的被动语态含有神情动词的主动句变成被动句时,由“神情动词+be+过去分词”构成,原来带to的神情动词变成被动语态后“to仍要”保留。歌诀是:神情动词变动,神情加be加“过分”原,来带to要保留。比方:Wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays.Thiswatchcanberepairedintwodays.Yououghttotakeitaway.Itoughttobetakenaway.Theyshoulddoitatonce.Itshouldbedoneatonce.九、被动语态的特别结构形式(1有些动词能够有两个宾语,在用于被动结构时,能够把主动结构中的一个宾语变成主语,另一宾语依旧保留在谓语后边。平时变成主语的是间接宾语。例:Hismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthday.可改为Hewasgivenapresentbyhismotherforhisbirthday.(2当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变成被动语态时,将宾语变成被动结构中的主语,其他不动。例Someonecaughttheboysmokingacigarette.可改为Theboywascaughtsmokingacigarette.(3在使役动词have,make,get以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后边不定式作宾语补语时,在主动结构中不定式to要省略,但变成被动结构时,要加to。例Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.可改为Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.(4有些相当于及物动词的动词词组,如“动词+介词”,动词“+副词”等,也能够用于被动结构,但要把它们看作一个整体,不能够分开。其中的介词或副词也不能够省略。例ThemeetingistobeputofftillFriday.十、非谓语动词的被动语态v.+ing形式及不定式todo也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态例:Idon'tlikebeinglaughedatinthepublic.非谓语动词的被动语态v.+ing形式及不定式todo也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态。例Idon'tlikebeinglaughedatinthepublic.十一、Itissaidthat+从句及其他近似句型一些表示“听闻”或“相信”的动词:believe,consider,expect,report,say,suppose,think等能够用于句型“It+be过+去分词+that从句”或“主语+be+过去分词+todosth.”。有:Itissaidthat:听闻,Itisreportedthat:据报道,Itisbelievedthat:大家相信,Itishopedthat,大家希望,Itiswellknownthat,众所周知,Itissuggestedthat,据建议。例Itissaidthattheboyhaspassedthenationalexam.(=Theboyissaidtohavepassedthenationalexam.十二、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义英语中有很多动词:break,catch,clean,drive,lock,open,sell,read,write,wash等,当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特色时,常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语平时是物。例:Thiskindofclothwasheswell.注意:主动语态表被动重申的是主语的特色,而被动语态则重申外界作用造成的影响。试比较:Thedoorwon'tlock.(指门自己有弊端Thedoorwon'tbelocked.(指不会有人来锁门,指“门没有锁”是人的原因表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语,如:happen,last,takeplace,breakout,comeout,comeabout,cometrue,runout,giveout,turnout等以主动形式表示被动意义。例:Howdothenewspaperscomeout?这些报纸是如何引出来的呢?3.系动词没有被动形式,但有些表示感觉、感官的连系动词feel,sound,taste,book,feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。例:Yourreasonsoundsreasonable拼搏创立奇景，激情成就梦想！十三、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义。1．在need，want，require,bear等词的后边，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。例:Thehouseneedsrepairing（toberepaired）．这房子需要修理。

2．形容词

worth后边跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，

但不能够跟动词不定式；worthy尔后边跟动词不定式的被动形式。例:Thepicture-bookiswellworthreading．（＝Thepicture-bookisveryworthytoberead．）3.动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系,不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。例:Ihavealotofthingstodothisafternoon．(todo与things是动宾关系，与I是主谓关系。试比较：I’llgotothepostoffice.Doyouhavealettertobeposted?此(处用不定式的被动语态作定语表示you不是post动作的执行者。4.在某些“形容词＋不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这常常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。例Thisproblemisdifficulttoworkout.（可看作toworkout省略了forme）.5．在too,to,结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。例:Thisbookistooexpensive(formetobuy.6.在Therebe,句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动式作定语，重点在人，用被动形式作定语，重点在物。例:Thereisnotimetolose（tobelost）（用tolose可看作forustolose；用to．belost，谁losttime不明确。）7.在betodo结构中的一些不定式平时应用主动表主动,被动表被动。但是,由于古英语的影响,以下动词rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。例:Whoistoblameforstartingthefire?十四、介词in,on,under等+名词构成介词短语表被动意义表示方向的介词与含动作意义的名词合用，含被动之义，其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式，名词前一般不用冠词。1.“under名+词”结构，“某事在进行中”常有的有：表示。undercontrol（受控制）under,treatment（在治疗中）,underrepair（在维修中）,underdiscussion（在谈论中）,underconstruction（在施工中）。例Thebuildingisunderconstruction(isbeingconstructed.2．“beyond+名词”结构，“出乎,,胜过,,、范围、限度”。常有的有：beyondbelief(令人难以置信，beyondone’sreach（力所不及），beyondone’scontrol（无法控制），beyondourhope．我们的成功始料不及。例:Therumourisbeyondbelief（=can’tbebelieved）．3.“above+名词”结构,表示“(质量、行为、能力等高出,,、高于,,”。例Hishonestcharacterisaboveallpraise．=Hishonestcharactercannotbepraisedenough．4．“for+名词”结构，表示“适于,,、为着,,”。如：forsale(销售,forrent（出租）Donot,foronerepulse,forgothepurposethatyouresolvedtoeffort.(Shakespeare不要只因一次挫败，就放弃你原来信心想达到的目的。（莎士比亚）拼搏创立奇景，激情成就梦想！等。例:Thathouseisforsale.(=Thathouseistobesold.5．“in+名词”结构，表示“在,,过程中或范围内”常有的有：inprint（在印刷中），insight(在视野范围内，等。例:Thebookisnotyetinprint．(=isnotyetprinted6．“on+名词”结构,表示“在从事,,中”。常有的有：onsale(销售，onshow（展出）,ontrial（受审）。例:Todaysometreasuresareonshowinthemuseum(=arebeingshowed.7．“outof+名词”结构；表示“高出,,之外“，常有的有：outofcontrol(控制不了，

outofsight（高出视野之外），outofone

’sreach(够不着,outoffashion(不流行等。例:Theplanewasoutofcontrol(can

’tbe．controlled。8．“within+名词”结构，“在,,内、不高出,,”。例Hetooktwodaysoffwithintheteacher'spermission育才初中英语8B被动语态配套练习一、单项选择。(1.Oneortwoman-madesatellites______inourcountryeveryyear.A.havebeensentupB.willbesentupC.issentupD.aresentup(2.OurTVset_____yesterday.A.isrepairedB.wasrepairedC.hadbeenrepaired(3.Anewbuilding_____inourschoolnextyear.A.willbebuiltB.isbuiltC.isbeingbuiltD.wouldberepairedD.hasbeenbuilt(4.Manybooksonscience_____sinceIwenttocollege.A.wereboughtB.havebeenboughtC,willbebought(5.Ipromisethatmatterwill_______.A.betakencareB.betakencareofD.areboughtC.takecareD.takecareof(6.How_____theGreatPyramid金(字塔____manyyearsagowithoutmodernmachines.A.sibuiltB.wouldbebuiltC.havebeenbuiltD.wasbuilt(7.Foodandclothes____bywomen.AisoftentalkaboutB.areoftentalkedDonot,foronerepulse,forgothepurposethatyouresolvedtoeffort.(Shakespeare不要只因一次挫败，就放弃你原来信心想达到的目的。（莎士比亚）拼搏创立奇景，激情成就梦想！C.areoftentalkedaboutD.oftentalkedabout(8._____thework_____yet?A.isfinishedB.WillbefinishedC.HasbeenfinishedD.Wouldbefinished(9.Suchfilms_____bychildrenlikeyou.A.mustbenotseenB.mustnotbeseeC.mustnotseenD.mustnotbeseen(10.Trees_____inwinterbutinspring.A.notcanbeplantedB.canbenotplantedC.can’tbeplantedcannotbeplant(11.Thiskindofcars____inJapantenyearsago.A.canonlybemadeB.couldonlymadeC.becouldonlymadeD.couldonlybemade(12.Jackoftendoesthingsfoolishly,sohe____sometimes_____byothers.A.islaughedB.islaughatC.waslaughedD.hasbeenlaughedat(13.Thebear______tothezootomorrowmorning.A.maybesendB.mayissentC.maybesentD.ismaysent(14.Inthepasttenyear,alotofnewbuildings_____inourcity..A.areputupB.haveputupC.havebeenputD.havebeenputup(15.Suchfilms_____bychildrenlikeyou.A.mustbenotseenB.mustnotbeseeC.mustnotseenD.mustnotbeseen二、用所给动词的正确时态和语态填空。1.Sometopstudents_____(sendtostudyinforeigncountriesonceayear.2.Moreandmoreschools___________(buildherelater.3.Wherearetheapples?Ithinkthey_______(eatbyt