定语从句十大注意事项【基础梳理+考点探究】高考英语语法专项突破

高考英语语法知识清单+强化训练讲义定语从句十大注意事项（原卷版）讲义目录考点清单一、关系代词that和which典型用法归纳考点清单二、关系代词whose典型用法归纳考点清单三、关系副词where典型用法归纳考点清单四、关系副词when典型用法归纳考点清单五、关系副词why典型用法归纳考点清单六、如何区分先行词作状语还是宾语考点清单七、关系代词as典型用法归纳考点清单八、定语从句“介词+关系代词”结构考点清单九、定语从句中的主谓一致典型用法考点清单十、分割型定语从句及变式考查分层训练（一）高考真题分层训练（二）模拟试题分层训练（三）单句改错分层训练（四）句式升级（书面表达）分层训练（五）语篇运用（外刊原创）分层训练（六）好题快递（最新模拟）考点清单一、关系代词that和which典型用法归纳要点精讲1：1.that用作关系代词，指人或物；在句中作主语、宾语，有时作表语；2.that用作关系副词，作方式状语（相当于inwhich，可以省略），先行词是theway。3.只用that不用which的场合：①先行词既为人又为物时；②先行词被序数词词或形容词最高级修饰时；③先行词是all,much,little,everything,nothing.anything等不定代词时；④先行词被only,very,little,all等修饰时。【即时训练】用关系代词that或which填空。1.Idon’tliketheway_______youspeaktoher.2.Heistheonlyman__________Icanfindforthework.3.Heisnolongertheman_________hewasfiveyearsago.4.ThefirstEnglishnovel__________IreadwasGoneWithWind.5.Thisisoneofthemostexcitingfootballgames_______Ihaveeverseen.6.Johntoldhisparentsaboutthecitiesandthepeople_________hehadvisited.7.(2018全国II)TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005—whenthegovernmentstartedasoil-testingprogram______givesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers---and2011,fertilizerusedroppedby7.7milliontons.要点精讲2：1.which用作关系代词，指物；在句中作主语、宾语；2.只用which不用that的场合：①引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个主句或主句一部分，前边有逗号为标志；②用于“介词+关系代词”结构，如inwhich,bothofwhich等。【即时训练】用关系代词that或which填空。8.(2020江苏)Manylessonsarenowavailableonline,from__________studentscanchooseforfree.9.(2018北京)Sheandherfamilybicycletowork,_________helpsthemkeepfit.10.(2017北京)Thelittleproblems______wemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.11.(2017全国III)ButSarah,hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodelswantstoprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.考点清单二、关系代词whose典型用法归纳要点精讲：1.whose用作关系代词，在定语从句中作定语，先行词指人或物；2.有时用于“介词+whose+名词”结构；3.whose+名词=the+名词+ofwhom/which=ofwhom/which+the+名词。【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。12.【2018天津】Kae,_________sisterIsharedaroomwithwhenwewereatcollege,hasgonetoworkinAustralia.13.(2017江苏)In1963theUNsetuptheWorldFoodProgramme,oneof_______purposesistorelieveworldwidestarvation.14.Helivesintheroom,________windowfacesthesouth/_____________thewindowfacesthesouth.15.ThisisMrGreen,___________________helpI’vemadegreatprogressinEnglish.考点清单三、关系副词where典型用法归纳要点精讲：1.where用作关系副词，在定语从句作地点状语。2.先行词既可以是具体地点名词，如school,museum,centre。3.还可以是抽象名词，如point,case,situation,stage,race,position,job等（热点，须牢记）【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。16.(2018江苏)Self-driving

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_______China

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startingline.17.We’rejusttryingtoreachapoint_________bothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.18.Rememberthatthereisstillonepoint_______wemustmakecleartomorrow.19.Today,we’lldiscusssomecases_____beginnersofEnglishfailtousethelanguageproperly.20.Hewrotealetter__________heexplainedwhathadhappenedintheaccident.考点清单四、关系副词when典型用法归纳要点精讲：1.when用作关系副词，在定语从句作时间状。2.先行词是具体时间名词，如day,month,yea。3.还可以是抽象名词，如age,stay,occasion等。【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。21.Iwillneverforgetthemonths________IspentwithmycousininBeijing.22.Peoplearelivinginanage________manyjobsaredoneoncomputer.23.Thedaysaregone________physicalstrengthwasallyouneededtomakealiving.24.She’llneverforgetherstaythere____shefoundhersonwhowentmissingtwoyearsbefore.考点清单五、关系副词why典型用法归纳要点精讲：1.why用作关系副词，在定语从句作原因状。2.why还可以用于Thereasonwhy…isthat…句型。【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。25.Doyouknowthereason_______Jimfailedtocometoday?26.Thereason_________Jimfailedtocomewas________hewasseriouslyill.考点清单六、如何区分先行词作状语还是宾语要点精讲：先行词是地点名词，关系词不一定用where；先行词是时间名词，关系词不一定用when；先行词是原因名词，关系词不一定用why；窍门：学会分析句子成分，原句含有主谓宾或者不缺少宾语才能用关系副词；原句缺少主语或宾语才能用关系代词。【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。27.Doyoustillrememberthedays________westudiedtogether?28.Doyoustillrememberthedays________wespenttogether?29.Isthisthemuseum______youonceworked?30.Isthisthemuseum______youoncevisited?31.Isthisthereason_______hewasabsentfromschoolyesterday?32.Isthisthereason_______hegaveforabsencefromschoolyesterday?33.Anyway,thatevening,______I’lltellyoumoreaboutlater,IendedupstayingatRachel’splace.考点清单七、关系代词as典型用法归纳要点精讲1：1.用作关系代词，引导限制性定语从句，作从句的主语、宾。2.用于such…as…,so…as…,thesame…as…句型3.(注意thesame…as…强调“和……是同一类”；thesame…that…强调“和……是同一个”)。【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。34.LosAngelesissuchanattractiveplace_______everyonelikestovisit.35.LosAngelesissuchanattractiveplace_______everyonelikestovisitit.36.Thisis______difficultaproblem_____noonecanworkout.37.Thisis______difficultaproblem_____noonecanworkitout.38.Mypenismissing.I’dliketobuythesamepen_______Ilost.39.Jennyissohappy,forshehasfoundthesamepen______shelostyesterday.要点精讲2：1.as用作关系代词，引导非限制性定语从。2.位于主句的前、中、后，强调前后逻辑一致，表示“正如……。3.从句多含有see,know,expect,tell,report等动词；4.which和as用法区别：①位置上：which从句只能位于主句之后，as从句位于主句的前、中、后；②逻辑上：which强调前后不一；as强调前后逻辑一致，“正如”；③句式上：which多用于“which+动词+宾语”句型；as多用于asweallknow/see,asisoftenthecasewithsb等句型。【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。40.Hefailedinthedrivingtestagain,_________surprisedusall.41.Hefailedinthedrivingtestagain,_________wehadexpected.42._________isoftenthecasewithJim,hewasfinedforspeeding.43._______isknowntoeverybody,lighttravelsfasterthansound.44.Theairqualityinthecity,______isshowninthereport,hasimprovedoverthepasttwomonths.考点清单八、定语从句“介词+关系代词”结构要点精讲：1.先行词指人关系代词用whom，指物关系代词用which；2.介词选择的原则：一看先行词词特殊要求，如toadegree；二看从句谓语动词搭配，如learnfrom；三看整个语境逻辑。特殊结构如inwhichcase,withwhosehelp等。【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。45.Doyourememberthedaywefirstmet?46.Doyourememberthemonthwefirstmet?47.Thisistheskirtshepaid$100.48.Thisistheskirtshespent$100.49.ThisismyEnglishteacher,I’velearnedalot.50.ThisismyEnglishteacher,helpIcouldn’thavemadesuchrapidprogress.考点清单九、定语从句中的主谓一致典型用法要点精讲1：先行词作主语，that/which/who从句谓语动词和主语保持一致。【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。51.Anyonewho___________(want)toseethefilmshouldputupyourhands.52.I,who__________(be)yourfriend,canunderstandyou.要点精讲2：1.先行词是oneof…结构，定语从句谓语用复数2.先行词是theonly/veryoneof…，定语从句谓语用单数。【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。53.Heisoneofthestudentswho________(praise)atyesterday’smeeting.54.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho______________(praise)atyesterday’smeeting.考点清单十、分割型定语从句及变式考查要点精讲：1.先行词与定语从句分隔开构成“分割型”定语从句。2.定语从句与强调句型相结合考查。3.定语从句在阅读理解和完形填空中多起干扰作。。4.注意用括号法快速识别达到化繁为简目的。【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。55.Occasionsarequiterare_________Ihavethetimetospendadaywithmykids.56.Itwasinthebackyard________myfatherplantedmanyvegetables________hedugupastatue.57.Hewrotealotofnovels,manyof_________weretranslatedintoforeignlanguages.58.Hewrotealotofnovels,andmanyof_______weretranslatedintoforeignlanguages.59.Anewschoolwillbebuiltin_________isabankruptfactorynow.60.Anewschoolwillbebuilt_________thereisabankruptfactorynow.分层训练（一）高考真题【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1.(2022全国甲)Onthe1,100.Kilometerjourney,themanCaoShengkang,________losthiseyesightattheageofeightinacaraccident,crossed40citiesandcountiesinthreeprovince.2.(2022新高考I)TheGPNPisintendedtoprovidestrongerprotectionforallthespecies________livewithintheGiantPandaRangeandsignificantlyimprovethehealthoftheecosysteminthearea.3.(2021天津)WilliamHastieoncesuggestedthathistoryinformsusofpastmistakesfrom________wecanlearnwithoutrepeatingthem.4.(2021天津)AttheChineseartfestival,therearedifferentstands________artistsdemonstratetheirskillsandteachthevisitors.5.(2020全国Ⅲ)InancientChinalivedanartist________paintingswerealmostlifelike.6.(2020江苏)Ifyoulookatallsidesofthesituation,you'llfindprobablyasolutionthat_______(suit)everyone.7.(2019天津)Theirchildisatthestage__________shecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences.8.(2019全国II)NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield,_________sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.9.(2019全国III)Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmastershadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.10.(2019浙江)Ontheedgeofthejacket,thereisapieceofclothgivesofflightinthedark.分层训练（二）模拟试题【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。11.GeorgeOrwell,_______realnamewasEricArthur,wrotemanypoliticalnovelsandessays.12.Thereisnosimpleanswer,________isoftenthecaseinscience.13.Nowadayspeoplearemoreconcernedabouttheenvironment________theylive.14.Thestudentsbenefittingmostfromcollegearethosearetotallyengagedinacademiclife,takingfulladvantageofthecollege’schancesandresources.15.You’llfindtaxiswaitingatthebusstation_____youcanhiretoreachyourhostfamily.16.Shemightpossiblycome,in_______caseI’llaskher.17.ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s,_______IwasthefirstWesternTVreportertofilmaspecialunit.18.Likeanything,itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth,_______isnotgoodforthehealth.19.Pahlssonandherhusbandnowthinktheringwasspreadoverthegarden,_______itremaineduntilthecarrot’sleafytopaccidentallysprouted(生长)throughit.20.SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius,________livedfromroughly551to479B.C.,influencedthedevelopmentofchopsticks.分层训练（三）单句改错下列各句均有一处错误，请指出并纠正。21.(2020天津)Dr.Rowan,whosecretaryresignedtwoweeksago,hashadtodoallhisowntyping.22.(2020全国II)Thankyouforyourletter,whatreallymademehappy.23.(2020全国II)Understandinghergoodintentions,IeatallthefoodwhatisprovidedbyMomwithappreciation.24.(2019全国III)Inthecafe,customerswillenjoythemselvesinthehistoricalenvironmentwhatiscreatedforthem.25.(2019全国I)OneafternoonwhereIwasinprimaryschool,Iwaswalkingbytheschoolplayground.26.(2018全国I)Theyalsohadasmallpondwhichtheyraisedfish.Mygrandpasaidlastsummertheyearnedquitealotbysellingthefish.27.(2018全国I)Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014whoshowedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromallcauses.28.(2018浙江)Thebestpartoftheprocessisthatthere'senoughroomforimprovement,thatmeansyou'lljustkeepgettingbetterandbetter.29.(2017天津)Myeldestson,whoworktakeshimallovertheworld,isinNewYorkatthemoment.30.(2017全国II)Intheirsparetime,theyareinterestedinplantingvegetablesintheirgarden,thatisontherooftopoftheirhouse.分层训练（四）句式升级书面表达句式升级：请准确运用定语从句翻译下列各句。31.(2022甲)设立“世界海洋日”是为了提高保护海洋意识，在全球生态系统中发挥至关重要作用。___________________________________________________________________________________________32.(2022新高考I)这是一个很不错栏目，你可以在这里和学生分享自己的想法。___________________________________________________________________________________________33.(2022甲)面临互联网各种各样信息，我们不能分辨真假，这对于我们的学习和生活非常有害。___________________________________________________________________________________________34.(2021乙)首先，我们最好在家遵循学校时间表，这肯定会有助于我们学习效率。___________________________________________________________________________________________35.(2021新高考I)该报纸推崇很多栏目，其中中国文化是我最喜欢的。___________________________________________________________________________________________36.(2021新高考I)我感到郁闷时，我会选择阅读小说中含有很多想象情节部分。___________________________________________________________________________________________37.(2021北京)我被告知去乡下看望生病的爷爷，他突然住院了。___________________________________________________________________________________________38.(2021浙江)多数学生看好这次展览，这提供一个平台让他们了解中国之美，体验中国艺术的魅力。___________________________________________________________________________________________39.(2020全国I)就我来说，我爸爸是我最崇拜的人。___________________________________________________________________________________________40.(2020全国II)我们先采摘那些色彩鲜艳的桃子，然后摘那些成熟柔软的桃子。___________________________________________________________________________________________分层训练（五）语篇运用（原创）热点话题：主人心脏病发作英雄猫及时施救体裁：说明文/good-news/4767/Hero-Cat-Saves-Owner-From-Heart-AttackHeroCatSavesOwnerFromHeartAttackAwomaninNottinghamshire,England,sayshercatsavedherlifebypoundingonherchest41(wake)herupwhileshewashavingaheartattack.SamFelstead,42,sufferedaheartattackaround4:30a.m.while42(sleep)athome.Her7-year-oldcat,Billy,seeminglynoticedsomethingwaswrongand43(begin)jumpingonFelstead'schestandmeowingasloudashecould.Afterwakingup,sherealizedthatshewasnotabletomoveherbodyandhadshootingpaindownherrightside,soshecalledforhelp.Quicklyshe44(rush)totheNottinghamCityHospitalintheearlyhoursofthemorning45doctorstoldhershehadaheartattackinhersleep."Iwasabit46(shock);IwenttobedandIfeltfine.Ididn'tfeelillorhaveanypains,"FelsteadtoldtheIndiaTimes."47(sudden)Iwokeupintheearlyhourscoveredinsweatandcouldn'tmove.Billywasonmychestandwasmeowingloudlyinmyear."Felsteadbelieveshercatsavedherlife."Hedoesn'tnormallysitwithme48heknewsomethingwaswrongbecausehewouldn'tleave48(I)alone,"FelsteadtoldtheBBC."Idothinkhesavedmylifeandsodoeseverybodyelsearoundme."Felsteadspentthreedaysin50hospitalandunderwentanangioplasty(血管成形术).Nowonheartmedication,she'sbackhomeandworkingagain.分层训练（六）好题快递第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A【云南省昆明市2022届高三摸底考试英语试题】CambridgeUniversityBotanicGardenisprivateproperty.VisitorsarewelcomeinaccordancewiththefollowingrulesmadebytheBotanicGardenSyndicate.Timeofopeningandclosing:TheGardenisopeneverydaythroughouttheyearexceptfortheChristmasholidayperiod.January,November&December 10am-4pmFebruary,March&October 10am-5pmApril—September 10am-6pmTheGlasshousesandCafeclosehalfanhourbeforetheGardenclosingtime.TheBotanicGardenShopclosesfifteenminutesbeforetheGardenclosingtime.ThelatestadmissiontimeishalfanhourbeforetheGardenclosingtime.Guidelinesforallvisitors:AstheGardenisalearningresource,visitorscangetthemostoutoftheirvisitifprovidedwitheducationalactivitieshere.PleaseremembertheGardenisalsoapeacefulplacewherepeoplecometorelax.Cycles,includingchildren’sbicycles,tricyclesandscooters,mustbeleftintheparkingspacesprovidedforthemneartheentrances.Childrenagedsixteenyearsandundermustbeaccompaniedbyanadultatalltimes.Nogames,sportstraining,orjoggingareallowed.Noradiosorsoundreproductionequipment,ormusicalinstruments,maybeplayedintheGardenbyvisitors.Apermitisrequiredforcommercialphotography.Dogsarenotadmittedexceptguidedogsfortheblind,hearingdogsforthedeaforassistancedogs.SmokingisnotallowedinanyoftheGarden’sbuildings.Keeptopathsandlawns.Donotsetfootonflowerbeds.Plantsmustnotbepickedoreaten.Seedsandleavescanbepickedupfromthegroundbutwashyourhandsafterwards.Donotclimbthetrees.Watchoutforlowhangingbranches.Ifyouhaveanyqueries,pleasedocontactusviatheEnquirydeskon01223336265.AllgroupsintendingtovisittheGardenmustbooktheirvisitsatleastaweekinadvance.Thebuttonsbelowareforrecreationalgroupvisitsonly.GroupBookingFormBisforgroupsthatincludeadults,under18’sandchildren.21.WhencanyoudrinkattheCaféoftheBotanicGarden?A.At3﹕00pmonChristmasDay. B.At4﹕00pmonNewYear’sDay.C.At4﹕30pmonChildren’sDay. D.At5﹕00pmonWomen’sDay.22.WhatarevisitorsfreetodointheBotanicGarden?A.Playingballswithpartners. B.Takingphotosforsaleonline.C.Pickingupleavesfromthetree. D.Collectingfallenseedsingloves.23.TovisittheBotanicGardeningroups,youshould________.A.fillinthebookingform. B.call01223336265.C.visittheEnquirydesk. D.clickthefourbuttons.B【江苏省连云港市2022届高三期中调研考试】Whenaskedwhathisfatherdidforalivingmysonexplainedtohiskindergartenteacherthat“hestealsthings,butit'sO.K.becausehegetspaidtodoit.”Hewasn'twrong.I'mahacker,andIrunateamofhackers.WespendourdaysdiscoveringwaystobreakintoanythingthatcanconnecttotheInternet,toaccessinformationnevermeanttobeseen.Ifwegettoitbeforeacriminaldoes,thenwe'vedoneourjob.I'mproudofwhatIdoforaliving,justlikedoctorsorlawyersareproudoftheworktheydo.InHollywood,hackersareoftendescribedashooded(戴着兜帽的)figuresindarkroomsinvolvedinillegalactivitywhiletappingkeyboards.Actually,hackersareexpertatprogrammingandproblem-solvingwithcomputers.Companieshirehackerstofindtheirbreakingpointbeforecriminalsdo.Hackingisanactivity,andwhatseparatesanyactivityfromacrimeispermission.Driversarefreetodrive,buttheydonothavepermissiontodrive150milesperhour-that'sillegal.Bankerscantransfertheirclients'money,butiftheydosowithoutpermission,that'sillegal.Hackingisn'taninherently(本质上)criminalactivity.Someonewhoinvolvesintheillegaluseofhackingshouldnotbecalleda“badhacker”buta“threatactor”.HackersarepeoplelikemeandmyteamatIBM-securityprofessionals.Hackersplayacriticalroleinkeepingcompaniesandpeoplesafe.AtIBM,onethingmyteamdoesishackautonomousvehicles,planesandtrainstomakesurethateverypossiblesecurityweaknessisfoundandcorrectedbeforeeachmachineisshipped.Imaginewhatbadthingscouldhappenwithoutus.24.Whydidtheauthormentionhisson'swordsinparagraph1?A.Toshowoffhisson'sintelligence.B.Todescribethedailylifeinkindergarten.C.Toraisereaders'interestinhisjob.D.Toraiseaproblemofparent-childrelation.25.Whatisthecommonmisunderstandingofhackers?A.Hackerscanbothbemalesandfemales.B.Hackerscanensureacompany'ssecurity.C.Hackersareusuallyconsideredascriminals.D.Hackersareextremelyproudofwhattheydo.26.Whatdoweknowabouthacking?A.Hackingisaninherentlycriminalactivity.B.Permissionplaysanimportantroleinhacking.C.Professionalskillsarenotnecessaryforhacking.D.Hackinginvolvesbreakingintoshopsandhouses.27.What'sthepurposeofthepassage?A.Tointroducethejobofhackers.B.ToattractmorehackerstoIBM.C.Tostresstheimportanceofhackers.D.Tocomparehackingwithotherjobs.C【江苏省徐州市2022届高三期中抽测英语】Ifyou'veseenthetimelesschildhoodclassicTheLionKing,youshouldrecallSimbaandNala'sadventurepastthePrideLandsandintotheforbiddenelephantgraveyard.Thisstrangeandmysteriousplace,piledwithelephantbones,isonlyamyth.However,allmythsaresteepedintruth.Aretheynot?Accordingtofairytale,thisisamythicalplacewhereolderorillelephantsinstinctivelygoinanticipationoftheirdeath-alone,farfromtheelephantgroupsandnotslowingdowntheprogressofthosethatremainbehind.Yet,isthereanychancethatoneofthesesecretplacescouldbereal?Noonehaseverfoundone,butaccordingtosomeexpertsonelephantbehaviour,it'snotunthinkablethatsuchaplacecouldexist.Realistically,elephantscoulddiemassivelyinoneplaceforanynumberofreasons.Naturaldisasterssuchaslightningstrikes,localizedflooding,orfood(water)-shortagesdrivestarvingelephantstogatherinplaceswherefindingfoodiseasier.Theseanimalsarealreadyfragileandmanyofthemmaydieinthesamearea.But,doesthatmeanthattheconsciouspracticeof“elephantgraveyards”bytheanimalsispurelymythical?Perhapsnot.ResearchersfromtheUKhaverecentlyprovedthatelephantsshowstronginterestandemotioniftheycomeacrosstheremainsofotherelephants.Theirbehaviorsuggeststhattheyrecognizetheirmostcloserelatives.Wholefamiliescanspendhoursorevendaysattendingthebonesofaherdmember.Fewspeciesotherthanhumansdemonstratethesametypeofawarenessindeathoftheirownkind.Chimpanzeeshavebeenknowntoobeycertainrituals(仪式)aroundtheirdeadandwillonlyabandonabodyofarelativeonceitbeginstodecompose.Lionshavealsobeenknowntoshowemotionstodeadfamilymembersbysniffingorlickingthebodypriortodevouring(吞食)it.Thisidealendsanotheroriginoftheelephantgraveyard:aplacewhereelephantsgathertomournthebonesoftheirdead.28.TheauthormentionsTheLionKinginthebeginningtoA.introducethetopicB.provideexamplesC.recallchildhoodmemoriesD.recommendafilm29.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A.Whethertheelephantgraveyardexists.B.Howelephantscouldanticipatetheirdeath.C.Whendyingelephantslefttheirgroups.D.Whysomeelephantsdieinthesameplace.30.Theunderlinedword“decompose"probablymeans“A.shrinkB.disappearC.swellupD.breakdown31.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoprovebytheexamplesofchimpanzeesandlions?A.Theyareawareofdeath.B.Theyfollowsomerituals.C.Theyrecognizetheirrelatives.D.Theyareinterestedintheremains.D【河北省衡水中学2022届高三第二次调研考试】Humansarenottheonlyonesthatlikegold.Australianscientistshavediscoveredanewfungus(真菌)thatdecoratesitslong,thread-liketendrils(卷须)withgoldcollectedfromthesoil.Theexpertsdesperatelyhopethe“golddigger”willprovideinformationonthelocationsofgolddeposits(沉淀物)andmakesearchingforthepreciousmetaleasier,andmoreenvironmentallyfriendly.Thegold-lovingfunguswasdiscoveredaccidentallybyateamofresearchersledbyDr.TsingBohu,ascientistatAustralianationalscienceagency,CSIRO,whentheywereexaminingthemicrobes(微生物)inthesoilatBoddington,atinytownhometoAustralia'slargestgoldmine.Acloseranalysissuggestedthatthefungususeschemicalinteractionswithundergroundmineralstoaccumulategoldfromitssurroundings.Thoughfungiofteninteractwithotherthingsinnature,thereactionwithgoldwasunexpected.“Fungiarewell-knownforplayinganimportantroleintherecyclingoforganicmaterial,suchasleavesandbark,aswellasforthecyclingofothermetals,”Dr.Bohuexplained.“Butgoldissochemicallyinactivethatthisinteractionisbothunusualandsurprising.”Thefungiarenotwearingthegoldforbeauty.“Thereisabiologicalbenefitfromthisreaction.”Dr.Bohusaid,“Gold-lovingfungicangrowfasterandbiggerrelativetootherfungithatdon’tworkwithgold.”Theresearchersstillneedtoconductfurtheranalysistounderstandtherelationshipbetweenthefungiandthepreciousmetal.Moreimportantly,theyneedtodetermineifitspresenceisasuresignoftheexistenceoflargedepositsofthemetalunderground.Thescientistsalsobelievethefungicouldbeusedtodetectthepresenceofgoldinwasteproductsandman-madeelectronics.However,thosehopingtogetfreegoldfromthefungiareinforadisappointment,forthedelicatefungusishardtosee.Also,itsgoldcanonlybeseenunderamicroscope.32.Whataretheexpertsstarvedof?A.Investigatingthesites. B.Excavatingthegoldmines.C.Gettingfurtherinformed. D.Unearthinggolddeposits.33.WhatcouldbelearnedaccordingtoDr.Bohu?A.Fungi’sinteractionwithgoldisunexpectedbutbeneficial.B.Gold’sclassificationisbiologicallyidentifiedbyfungi.C.Fungi’sformationwithgoldisfairlynaturalandfrequent.D.Goldischemicallyaccumulatedbyfungi’sevolution.34.Howdoestheauthorfindthefinding?A.Itexcitesthegolddiggers’motivation.B.Ithasalongwaytogobeforeconfirmation.C.Itlaysthefoundationofgeologicalstudies.D.Itensuresthesearchofgoldsites.35.Whatcanbethesuitabletitleforthetext?A.Beauty-lovingFungiWrappedbyGoldB.Gold-lovingFungiDiscoveredinAustraliaC.Boddington,Austria’sLargestGoldMineD.NewDiscoveryofGoldwithFungi第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项.选项中有两项为多余选项.【江苏省无锡市2022届高三期末考试】Forgetexpensivegymmemberships—youdon’tneedtospendafortunetoexercise.Fromthebestfreeclassesandappstooutdoorgyms,hereishowtoworkoutataminimal(最低的)cost.In-storeexerciseclassesInthesamewayasbookshopsdoubleupascoffeeshops,activewearshopshavelearnedtomultitaskasgyms.Outletsfrom

SweatyBetty(whichhasbranchesthroughouttheUK)to

Asics

and

Nike

offerfreerunningclubs:checkouttheirwebsitestosignuponline.___36___,andsomeclassesareheavilyindemand.RunIgaveupthegymfiveyearsagowhenIfacedthefactthatmymonthlyvisitwascostingme£80.Withthefirst£80savedIboughtsomediscountedrunningshoes.___37___.GoodGym___38___,then

GoodGym

couldsupplymotivationwhiledoublingthefeelgoodfactor.Itconnectslocalrunnerswitharangeofnecessarygooddeedsfromgardeningtochangingalightbulb.Somejobsrequiretworunners,otherstwodozen.Theideaisyouruntothemission,dothedeed,thenrunback,therebycombiningaltruism(利他主义),fitnessandsocializinginonerewardingact.___39___Youmightbesurprisedtodiscoverhowmanycheapfitnessoptionsliewithinashortwalkofyourdoorstep.Manylocalauthoritiesofferfitnessinitiatives.Mine(Hackney,ineastLondon)organizes

£1exerciseclasses

fromfamilytaekwondo(跆拳道)tochair-basedyoga.___40___.Checkyourlocalcouncil’swebsite.Theyarealsolikelytoruntenniscourts.A.EmbraceyourcommunityB.TrytowalkfasterandfurtherC.IhavebeenrunningweeklyeversinceD.Thereisnofee,butyoustillneedtobookE.Ifyoudon’tmindyourcrosstrainersittingoncarpetsF.IfyouarethesortofpersonwhofindsithardtoexercisealoneG.Others,suchasKent,haveawalkingandexercisereferralprogramme第二部分语言运用（共三节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。【河北省衡水中学2022届高三第二次调研考试】Afewyearsago,myfatherarrangedtosendmeamail-orderfruitcakeatChristmastime.WhileIhadrecentlysettledinManhattanwithagoodjob,he___41___mycupboardsandrefrigeratormightbebare.Iwas44then,andhewas72.Hewantedmetohaveaparticularbrandoffruitcake.MadeinTexas,itwasfamousamongfruitcakelovers-or,___42___,amongpeoplewhogavefruitcakestothosewhowereassum