2023学年完整公开课版语法专题(一)

第一讲语法专题(一)编写人-钟琳审核人-吴锦燕【学习目标】1.复习名词和冠词：理解语法项目的基本概念和不同用法，掌握中考考查的语法重点。2.中考题型专练：重点掌握完形填空和阅读理解的解题技巧(能够读懂短文，获取事实性信息，并进行推测、推理判断，理解作者的观点和写作意图。)【重点语法】一、名词1.定义：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念等______的词,是个______。2.名词的分类：①______②______普通名词可分为______和______。3.名词的数：可数名词有______形式和______形式；不可数名词只作______使用。4.可数名词单复数规则变化:a)一般情况在词尾加-s。清辅音后读[s]，浊辅音和元音后读[z]。b)以-s,-x,-sh,-ch结尾的词加-es,读[iz]。c)以字母-o结尾的词①加-s,读[z]；②加-es,读[z]。d)以字母-f或-fe结尾的词一般将f或fe变为-ves,读[vz]。e)以辅音字母-y结尾的词将y变成i再加-es,-es读[z]。5.集体名词的数：①单数形式表复数意义，比如_______。②一般以单数形式出现，作主语时如果表示一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；如果表示集体中的成员，谓语动词用复数形式。比如______。6.名词所有格：①有生命名词的所有格，一般在词尾加上______。②无生命名词的所有格:a)常用of+名词b)表时间及距离的名词，常用______表示。③双重所有格：a)of+名词。b)of+名词性物主代词。练一练：说出划线名词在下列句子中所作的句子成分。1.Hisfatherisworkinginthegarden. ____________2.Iboughtawatchyesterday. ____________ 3.Theymademetheleaderofthegroup. ____________4.TonyisanEnglishboy. ____________5.Shehasanicepaperkite. ____________练一练：将下列单词按词尾字母-s或-es的发音分类。desks,bags,flowers,maps,buses,brushes,shelves,potatoes,babies/s/____________/z/____________/iz/____________练一练：写出下列单词的复数形式。1.boy ________2.bird ________3.egg ________4.sign ________5.deer ________ 6.sheep ________7.fish________ 8.Chinese ________9.man ________10.tooth ________11.child________ 12.mouse________13.German________ 14.human________15.policeman_______16.Frenchman ________17.American________ 18.Indian ________19.asilkshirt_______20.amanteacher________练一练：翻译下列词组。1.母亲节__________2.教师节__________3.妇女节__________4.教室的门__________5.一个月的假期__________6.20分钟的步行__________7.我父亲的一张照片 ①____________②____________中考真题：根据括号内所给中文或单词写出正确形式。1.However,myfriendandIstillthinkithasmany______(优点).2.My______(孙子)playsonlinegamesortextshisfriendsallthetime.3.Some______(worker)inthezoonoticedablackcatwasinthebear’scage.4.YoucanfindelephantsbothinAfricaand______(Asian).5.Forexample,iftherunnerrunsone______(千米),theproviderseachgivetherunner$1forthecharity.6.Littlekidscanalsogetmoneyaccordingtohowmany______(页)theyread.7.Studentswilllearntocookforonehoura______(星期)foroneterm.8.Theywilllearntopreparehealthy,tastyfood,following______(说明).9.About15%ofschoolsdonothave______(厨房)andtherearenotenoughteachers.10.Oneboythrewtheballtoohardanditflewlikearocketoverthe______(头)ofalltheotherboys.二、冠词定义：放在______之前、说明这类词所表示的人或事物的一种虚词。分类：①不定冠词_______②定冠词_______③零冠词_______拓展：某些短语有没冠词表达意义不同。如:beinhospital(住院)——beinthehospital(在医院)gotoschool(去上学)——gototheschool(去学校)infrontof(在…外部的前面)——inthefrontof(在内部的前面)练一练：选用a或an填空。______ancientstory _______aunt______8-year-oldboy _______idea______e-mailaddress _______honestkid______Olympicstar _______unluckydog______usefultool _______Europeancity______university _______UFO练一练：选用a,an,the或/填空。1.Ihave______uncle.Heworksat______university.2.______richarenotalwayshappy,Ithink.3.It’sreally______hardjobformetofinishitinaweek.4.Thereis______“s”and______“k”intheword“ask”.5.We’regoingthereby______planeinsteadofon_______train.6.What______badweatheritistoday!7.—Doyouknow______bookThelittlePrince?—Yes.It’squite______interestingbook.8.Wearegoingtohavedinnerwith______Greens.9.Jackissuch______friendlyboy.Hegetsalongwellwithhisclassmates.10.Everymorninghespends______hourdoingexercise,thenhegoesto______work.11.What______goodnews!OurschoolbandwillplayatthesummerconcertinAugust.12.Let’stake______phototoremember______importanttime!13.Whenis______Father’sDayin______US?It’son______thirdSundayinJune.14.Iwillhave______11-daytripin______Europeancountrynextmonth.15.Noonecouldlivewithout______airor______water.16.Weplayedfor______hourinthepark.Itwas______greatfun.17.Theaccidenthappenedallof______sudden,butluckilynobodywashurt.18.Thereis______oldpianoin______cornerofthelivingroom.19.Susancouldplay______pianoat______ageofsix.20.Topreparefor______triptoLA,Bettyismaking______listofthingstotakealong.巩固训练】一、完形填空Oneday,ateachercameintoherclassroomwithaglassofwater.Shewantedtoexplainstressmanagementtoherstudents.Sheaskedthemhow1glassofwaterwas.Theygavemany2answers.Somestudentssaiditweighed200grams,whileothers3saidtheydidn’tknow.Shesmiledand4,“Actually,theweightoftheglassdoesn’tmatter.Itdependsonthe5.IfIholditforaminute,it’snotaproblem.IfIholditforanhour,I’llhaveanacheinmy6.IfIholditforaday,I’llhavetocallanambulance.Ineachcase,theglassofwateristhesameweight,butthe7Iholdit,theheavieritbecomes.”Lostinthought,allthestudentskept8andlistenedtotheteachercarefully.Theteachercontinued,“Ourstressesandworriesinlifearethesameasthatglassofwater.Ifwecarry9allthetime,wewillsoonfeeltiredasiftheweightis10.Wewillnotbeabletomoveon.Just11puttingdownthisglassofwater,youhavetoputyourstressdownforawhileandtakearest.Whenwe’renottired,wecan12ourburdens—holdingthemmoreeasilyeachtime.”Moreoftenthannot,lifegetsterriblewhenwe13toomuch.Andthemomentyouletgoofyourburdens,you’llfindyourselffeelingsomuchmore14.So,15beingupsetandfeelingsorryforyourself,startdoingsomethingaboutit.Afterall,lifeistooshorttogiveyourselfuptoanythingthatisnotmakingyouhappy.1.A.hot B.full C.clean D.heavy2.A.strange B.funny C.differentD.necessary3.A.mainly B.simply C.really D.suddenly4.A.replied B.remained C.repeated D.replaced5.A.time B.place C.energy D.temperature6.A.foot B.leg C.neck D.arm7.A.better B.more C.longer D.earlier8.A.calm B.busy C.silent D.awake9.A.it B.them C.that D.this10.A.winning B.missing C.growing D.following11.A.for B.like C.about D.before12.A.lookforwardto B.carryonwith C.takepridein D.cutdownto13.A.escape B.enjoy C.compare D.think14.A.relaxed B.bored C.excitedD.worried15.A.morethan B.becauseof C.eventhoughD.insteadof二、阅读理解:阅读下面材料，然后从各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。ShenLinglan,13,usedtoknownothingaboutcooking.Thiswasbecauseshewassoafraidoffirethatshedidn’tevenwanttogetclosetothekitchen,Butlastmonth,sheovercameherfearsandcookedherfirstdish—DongpoPork.“Itwassotasty!”Shensaid.Shenwasabletodothisthrough“self-support”educationinherschool—SuzhouIndustrialParkForeignLanguageSchoolinJiangsu.Theschoolofferschancesforstudentstolearnpracticalskills.OnOctober15,ithadatwo-weektriptoa“self-supporteducationbase”.Nearly100studentstookpartandlearnedbasiclifeskillsduringthetrip.Sincetheywereawayfromtheirparents,thestudentshadtodoeverythingontheirown.XuKe,13,learnedtomakethebeds,washclothes,cleanroomsandcook.“Allofthesethingsmadememoreindependent,”Xusaid.“IthinkitwillhelpmealotinthefuturewhenIgotocollege.”Thestudentsalsogotthechancetodosomefarmwork.Xuhadneverseenaricefieldbefore.“Iwassoexcitedtoharvesttherice,”Xusaid.Shealsop