新课堂英语外研版选修八讲义Module3Period3

PeriodThreeGrammar&Writing一、复习定语定语是用来修饰名词或代词的成分，可由单词、短语或从句充当。(一)定语的位置定语有前置和后置两种位置。位置用法前置单个形容词、代词、数词、名词、动词-ing形式、动词-ed形式等放在所修饰的名词之前后置动词不定式(短语)、动词-ing形式短语、动词-ed形式短语、介词短语、从句等放在所修饰的名词之后(二)定语的构成1．形容词作定语当几个形容词同时出现在名词之前时，遵循的词序为：限观形龄色国材用，指：限定词(一般指数量)；外观(美丽等)；形状(大小、高矮、胖瘦)；年龄；颜色；国籍；材料；用途。ShelikesthelargeredChinesewoodendinnertable.她喜欢大的红色的中国木质餐桌。注意：形容词修饰不定代词时需后置。Anyoneintelligentcandoit.任何有才智的人都能做这件事。2．名词作定语Theyarewomenpilots.她们是女飞行员。3．代词作定语Hisproposalisworthconsidering.他的建议值得考虑。4．数词作定语Thesunis93,000,000milesaway.太阳离我们93000000英里。5．副词作定语Shemetmeonherwayhome.她在回家的路上碰见了我。6．介词短语作定语We'llhaveareportoncurrentaffairsonSundaymorning.我们周日上午要听时事报告。7．不定式(短语)作定语That'stheteachingplanforyoutodiscuss.这就是那份供你们讨论的教学计划。8．分词作定语现在分词表示主动或正在进行的动作；过去分词表示被动或已经完成的动作。Thegirlplayingthepianoisafresher.弹钢琴的那个女孩是一年级新生。Themeetingheldyesterdaywasimportant.昨天开的那个会很重要。9．动名词作定语Thereisaswimmingpoolintheircollege.他们学校有个游泳池。eq\a\vs4\al(即时跟踪1,1.Theboyplayingfootball?正在踢足球的?ismylittlebrother.,2.It'saboutfiveminutes'walk?步行5分钟的路程?fromschooltoourhomeeveryday.,3.Thewomandressedinred?穿红衣服的?isourmathsteacher.,4.Englishisalanguageeasytolearn?容易学的?.,5.Thegirltosingnext?下一个将唱歌的?isMary.)二、复习定语从句1．定语从句起了形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，它的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起连接作用，二是在从句中担当一个成分，并与先行词保持数的一致。关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关系代词who人主语、宾语Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithyourmother？whom人宾语Mr.SmithisthepersonwithwhomIamworking.Theboy(whom)sheloveddiedinthewar.whose人或物定语Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsareabouthistory.Theboywhosefatherworksabroadismydeskmate. that人或物主语、宾语、表语Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Sheisthepopstar(that)Iwanttoseeverymuch. which物主语、宾语、表语Thebook(which)Igaveyouwasworth10.Thepicturewhichwasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.whom，which和that在从句中作宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面的关系代词不能省略，也不可以用thatas人、物或事主语、宾语、表语Hewasn'tunconscious，ascouldbejudgedfromhiseyes.as作宾语一般不省略关系副词when时间时间状语Iwillneverforgetthedaywhenwemetthere.可用onwhichwhere地点地点状语ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.可用inwhichwhy原因原因状语Ican'timaginethereasonwhyheturneddownmyoffer.可用forwhich2．that与which，who，whom的用法区别情况用法说明例句只用that的情况1.先行词为all，everything，anything，nothing，little(少的)，much等不定代词时2．先行词被all，any，every，each，much，little(少的)，no，some，few等修饰时3．指物的先行词有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时4．先行词既有人又有物时5．先行词被theonly，thevery修饰时6．句中已经有who或which，为了避免重复时1.Hetoldmeeverythingthatheknows.2．Allthebooksthatyouofferedhavebeengivenout.3．ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.4．Wetalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthatweremembered.5．HeistheonlymanthatIwanttosee.6．Whoisthemanthatismakingaspeech？只用which，who，whom的情况1.在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人2．在由“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人3．先行词本身是that时，关系词用which；先行词为those，one，he时多用who1.Hehasason，whohasgoneabroadforfurtherstudy.2．Ilikethepersontowhomtheteacheristalking.3．Thosewhorespectothersareusuallyrespectedbyothers.3．as，which和that的区别从句区别例句限制性定语从句中名词前有such和thesame修饰时，关系代词用as，不能用whichHeisnotsuchafoolashelooks.Don'treadsuchbooksasyoucan'tunderstand.非限制性定语从句中as和which都可以指代前面整个主句。如果有“正如，像”的含义，可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后，那么用as；而which引导的从句只能放在主句后，没有“正如”的意思Theywonthegame，aswehadexpected.Theywonthegame，whichwehadn'texpected.Asiswellknown，heisafamousfilmstarinthe1980s.thesame...as和thesame...thatthesame...as指同类事物thesame...that指原物That'sthesametoolasIusedlastweek.(同类工具，不是同一把)That'sthesametoolthatIusedlastweek.那就是我上周用过的工具。即时跟踪2用适当的关系词填空1．Wehavefoundsuchmaterialsasareusedintheircompany.2．—Wheredidyouseeherforthefirsttime?—Itwasinthefactorywhereweworked.3．Theboyinplainclothes，whowaswonderfullycalminfaceofdanger，wasjustsixteenyearsold.4．Thisisthereasonwhyshelefthere.5．Tomwasafamousdoctor，withwhosehelptheysucceededintheoperation.Ⅰ.在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式1．Manyyoungpeople，mostofwhomwerewell-educated，headedforremoteregionstochasetheirdreams.(2016·江苏)2．Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek，whentheweathermaybebetter.(2016·天津)3．Imadefriendswiththenatives，andtheirreactionamazedme.Theygavemepresentsoftheirfavoriteartworkswhichtheyhadrefusedtoselltotourists.(2016·浙江)4．Oneimportantbiologicalfactorthathelpswomenlivelongeristhedifferenceinhormonesbetweenmenandwomen.(2016·四川)5．Ilivenextdoortoacouplewhosechildrenoftenmakealotofnoise.(2016·北京)6．Afewhoursbefore，I'dbeenathomeinHongKong，withits(it)chokingsmog.(2015·全国Ⅰ)7．Asnatural(nature)architects，thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactlyhowthicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.(2015·全国Ⅱ)8．OppositeisSt.Paul'sChurch，whereyoucanhearsomelovelymusic.(2015·北京)9．Thebooksonthedesk，whosecoversareshiny，areprizesforus.(2015·四川)10．Itisatrulydelightfulplace，whichlooksthesameasitmusthavedone100yearsagowithitswindingstreetsandprettycottages.(2015·湖南)11．Maybeyouhaveahabitthat/whichisdrivingyourfamilycrazy.(2014·新课标全国Ⅰ)12．Whilethereareamazing(amaze)storiesofinstanttransformation，formostofusthechangesaregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork.(2014·新课标全国Ⅰ)13．AmieSalmon，disabled，isattendedthroughoutherschooldaysbyanurseappointed(appoint)toguardher.(2014·浙江)Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1．Thedisheseq\f(what,that/which)IcookedwereMom'sfavorite.(2016·四川，短文改错)2．Iwantedtodoeq\f(anything,something)specialforhimathisretirementparty.(2015·陕西，短文改错)3．Havingteainthelateafternoonprovidesabridgebetweenlunchanddinner，eq\f(that,which)mightnotbeserveduntil8o'clockatnight.(2013·新课标全国Ⅱ，短文改错)文体指导本单元写作要求是写一篇有关尴尬时刻的叙事短文。该类写作通常只需包含“谁？干了什么事？结果如何？”等，然后再谈谈本人对此次经历的看法及感受或是从这次经历中得出了什么经验教训。注意：1．叙事常采用二段或三段式，叙事时态多用一般过去时，看法和感受多用一般现在时；人称多以第一和第三人称为主；2．其次还要注意叙事的过渡衔接性，常见的衔接词如：(just)then，after(that)，when，assoonas等。常用句式1．Everyonecouldhaveembarrassingmomentsinhislife.每个人一生中都会有尴尬的时刻。2．Iexperiencedanembarrassingmomenttwoyearsago.两年前我经历了一次尴尬时刻。3．Afunnythinghappenedtome.一件有趣的事情发生在我身边。4．HowembarrassedIfeltthen！当时我感觉很尴尬！5．ThisismyembarrassingmomentwhichIwillneverforget.这是我永远不会忘记的尴尬时刻。写作任务在现实生活中，人人都会遇到令人尴尬的事。请根据下列内容提示写一篇英语短文，介绍自己所遇到的尴尬事。上个月的一节英语课上，班主任告诉我们，英语老师的腿受了伤，让我们上自习。我拿出随身听开始听音乐。因为害怕被老师抓住，所以就小声对同桌说老师进来时一定要告诉我。这时所有的同学都看着我。原来随身听的声音太大，我没有意识到自己说话的声音实际上很大。真是尴尬极了！注意：词数100左右。审题谋篇第一步明确要求本文是写一次尴尬事件。因为是叙述自己在过去经历的事，应该用第一人称，时态用一般过去时。第二步确定段落Para.1：总述尴尬时刻是每个人都会遇到的；Para.2：着重叙述自己经历的尴尬事件。第三步词汇热身1．令人尴尬的时刻embarrassingmoments2．受伤beinjured/hurt3．自习课aself-studyclass4．被老师抓住becaughtbytheteacher5．盯着stareat第四步句式升级1．班主任告诉我们，英语老师王老师的腿受了伤，不能来上课了，让我们上自习。(一般表达)OurheadteachercametotellusthatourEnglishteacherMissWangwasinjuredinherlegandcouldn'tcometoclass.Sowe'dhaveaself-studyclass.(句式升级)Ourheadteachercametotellustohaveaself-studyclassbecauseourEnglishteacherMissWangwasinjuredinherlegandcouldn'tcometoclass.(tell短语)2．因为害怕被老师抓住，所以我就小声对同桌说老师进来时一定要告诉我。(一般表达)Ididn'twanttobecaughtbytheteacher，soIsaidinalowvoicetomydeskmate，“Whentheteachercomesin，pleasewarnme.”(句式升级)Afraidofbeingcaughtbytheteacher,Isaidinalowvoicetomydeskmate，“Whentheteachercomesin，pleasewarnme.”(形容词作状语)【连句成篇】Everyonecouldhaveembarrassingmomentsinhislife.Someareunbearable，someareextremelyamusingandsomearebeyondimagination.Well，Ihadoneofthoselastmonth.ItwasEnglishclass，butourheadteachercametotellusthatourEnglishteacherMissWangwasinjuredinherlegandcouldn'tcometoclass.Sowe'dhaveaself-studyclass.Takingoutmywalkman，Ibegantoenjoymusic.Ididn'twanttobecaughtbytheteacher，soIsaidinalowvoicetomydeskmate，“Whentheteachercomesin，pleasewarnme，forIdon'twanttheteachertocatchmelisteningtomusic.”Justthen，allmyclassmatesturnedroundandstaredatme.Why？Oh，IhadthoughtIwasmurmuring，butinfactIwasshoutingbecausethewalkmanwastoonoisy！HowembarrassedIfeltthen!Ⅰ.单元语法A)完成句子1．Somegirlstudents(女学生)inourclasshopetobewomendoctors(女医生)inthefuture.2．Yesterdaysheaskedmeiftherewassomethingeasyenoughtoread(非常容易读的东西)，butIhappenedtolendittosomeoneelse.3．ThisprettylittleSpanishgirl(美丽的西班牙小女孩)isLinda'sniece.4．Themeetingtobeheld(将要举行的)tomorrowissaidtobeveryimportant.5．Thepicturehanginginmybedroom(挂在我的卧室里的)isdrawnbymyselflastyear.B)用适当的关系词填空6．I'dliketoknowthereasonwhyyou'resolate.7．JackwillneverforgettheyearwhenhestudiedinJapan.8．Theboywhosemotherisateacherstudiesveryhard.9．ThenewMP4that/whichwassenttomebymyauntisbetterthanmyoldone.10．Themeetingwasputoff，whichwasexactlywhatweexpected.Ⅱ.阅读理解ANowadays，peopleinChinaareincreasinglyinterestedincelebratingforeignfestivals，especiallythosewesternfestivals.Asurveyconductedrecentlybyshowedthatamongthe18,222peoplesurveyed63.90%saidcelebratingChristmasisjustanotherwayofenjoyinglife，while17.85%surveyedconsideredthefestivalasafashionact，showingtheywerenot“out”．Thesetwopartsclearlyexpressthegeneralopinionoftheyoung.10.45%peopleinvolvedsaidthecelebrationofareligiouswesternfestivalwithsomuchenthusiasmisabsolutelyunbelievableadmireofforeigngoodness.Only7.80%ofpeopleconsideredChristmasasakindoffestivalcolonization(殖民)．ThearisingofcelebratingforeignfestivalsclearlyhassomethingtodowiththeadvancementofChina'seconomy.Inmypointofview，ChristmasandotherfestivalscelebratedinChinahavedifferencefromtheoriginal.Theyhavelosttheirreligiousbackgroundandturnedintoabigoccasiontohavefunandenjoylife.Shopowners'pocketsarefilled，thepublic'shungerforhappinessisfilled，andthatisenough.ForeignfestivalsinChinaaremorelikecarnivalsgivingpeoplepleasureandenjoyment.ThecrisisoftraditionalChinesefestivalsthatarelosingtheirattractionmaybelinkedtotheculturetraditionandbackgroundofthefestivals.MostChinesefestivalcultureisrelatedmoreorlesstoreallife.“Thecountryisbasedonitspeoplewhilethepeoplearereliedontheirfood.”Butthewesterncultureshowsmuchofromance.Somefestivalshavetheirreligiousbackgroundwhileothershavemuchtodowithcultureandpeople.Atthispoint，foodseemstobetooordinary.Flowersandchocolatesaremorewelcomed.ForeignfestivalsinChinaarecelebratedforfun.Theygivepeopleopportunitiestorelaxandcelebrate，toshowappreciationandgratefulness.Theacceptanceofforeignfestivalsgenerallydependsontheopennessofthepublic，thefamiliaritywiththewesternculture，andmostimportantly，onpeople'seconomicsituation.11．Fromthesurveyweknowthatamongthepeoplesurveyed.A．manypeopleareworriedthattraditionalChinesefestivalswilldisappearsoonB．mostthinklittleofcelebratingforeignfestivalsC．halfthinkcelebratingforeignfestivalsmakespeoplenotgooutoffashionD．somethinkitasignofbeingafterforeigngoodnesstocelebrateforeignfestivals答案D解析细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句“10.45%peopleinvolvedsaidthecelebrationofareligiouswesternfestivalwithsomuchenthusiasmisabsolutelyunbelievableadmireofforeigngoodness.”可知有10.45%的人认为庆祝外国节日是追求国外美德的标志。故选D。12．ThewriterthinksthatforeignfestivalscelebratedinChina.A．arethesameasthosecelebratedintheWestB．havelosttheirreligiousbackgroundC．cangivemorefunthantraditionalChinesefestivalsD．mayreducethehungerofpublicpeople答案B解析细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“Theyhavelosttheirreligiousbackgroundandturnedintoabigoccasiontohavefunandenjoylife.”可知作者认为那些在中国庆祝的外国节日已经失去了原来的宗教背景。故选B。13．WhatisthemaindifferencebetweenforeignfestivalsandtraditionalChineseones?A．TraditionalChinesefestivalspaymoreattentiontoculturetradition.B．ForeignfestivalsattachmoreimportancetofoodthanChineseones.C．ForeignfestivalsareromanticwhiletraditionalChineseonesareconnectedwithreality.D．Chinesefestivalshavelosttheirattractionwhileforeignonesareinfashion.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第五段首句“Butthewesterncultureshowsmuchofromance.”可知外国节日更注重浪漫。根据第四段第二句“MostChinesefestivalcultureisrelatedmoreorlesstoreallife.”可知中国的传统节日则更注重现实。故选C。14．WhichofthefollowingmayNOTbethereasonwhysomanypeopleacceptforeignfestivals?A．Peoplecanrelaxthemselves.B．Peoplecanshowtheirthankstoothers.C．Peoplehaveknownmoreaboutthewesternculture.D．Foreignfestivalscanmakeshopowners'pocketsfilled.答案D解析细节理解题。根据短文最后一段描述可知，中国人庆祝外国节日大多是为了取乐。这些节日给了人们更多的机会来放松，表达自己的欣赏与感激。对于外国节日的接受主要取决于公众的开放性，对西方文化的熟悉。最重要的是，取决于人们的经济状况。由此可见，选项A、B、C是人们接受外国节日的原因。文中没有关于选项D的描述，故选D。BWheninIreland，doastheIrishdo.Andwhenitcomestofoodanddrink，besuretotrytheselocalspecialities(地方特色菜)．(1)BakedHamDefinitelynotapoor-man'sdish，thetraditionalIrishhamwascoatedwithsugar，dressedwithcloves(丁香)，thenbakeduntilcrispontheoutside，tenderontheinside.Generallyitisservedwithboiledcabbageandcookedorfriedpotatoes.Itisnoteverydayfood，evenforthewell-to-do，butbargainscanbehadatsomepubrestaurants.(2)SmokedSalmonThemostpopularwaytoenjoysalmonissmoked，eitheron，breadwithegg，orsimplyonitsownwithasaladontheside.Farmedsalmoncanberatherordinary；theflavorofwildsalmontendtobebetter.Unfortunatelythepriceofwildsalmontendstobesignificantlyhigheraswell.(3)DublinCoddleDublinersofteneatthisonSaturdaynightsbeforetheygoout.Itisagoodbasicdishmadeofchoppedsausageandbaconcookedwithonionsandpotatoesinbeefstock.Itisalsoeasytomakeinquantity，andcanbereheatedthenextday.(4)SoupoftheDayAdvertisednearlyeverywhere，itisusuallyservedwithbreadandbutter，andisaverygoodvalueforalunchtimesnack.InatypicalIrishwaythequestion，“Whatisthesoupoftheday？”will，ninetimesoutoften，beansweredwithashrugandtheword，“Vegetable.”Potluck(家常菜)istheorderoftheday.15．Whichofthefollowingisusuallycookedandeatenonweekends?A．BakedHam. B．SmokedSalmon.C．DublinCoddle. D．SoupoftheDay.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第三道莱首句“DublinersofteneatthisonSaturdaynightsbeforetheygoout.”可知正确答案为C。16．Theunderlinedphraseinthelastparagraphprobablymeans“”．A．scarcely B．usuallyC．fortunately D．unluckily答案B解析词义猜测题。根据最后一句“Potluck(家常菜)istheorderoftheday.”可知，家常菜自然是“经常、频繁”食用的。故选B。17．AllofthefollowingaretrueEXCEPTthat.A．BakedHamisusuallyeatenbytherichB．SoupoftheDayisthemostcommondishofthefourC．thepriceofwildsalmonismuchlowerthanthatoffarmedsalmonD．DublinCoddlecanbecookedinquantity答案C解析细节理解题。根据第二道菜可知，野生的鲑鱼比养殖的价格要高得多，故C项错误。18．Thepurposeofthispassageis.A．totellushowIrishpeopleliveB．totellushowtocookIrishfoodC．totellusthecharacteristicsofsomeIrishfoodsD．totellusaboutthecurrentlivingconditionsoftheIrish答案C解析写作意图题。根据文章的首段可知，C项为正确答案。Ⅲ.语法填空Onadiet？Thenconsidersittingbythewindowthenexttimeyoueatout.Theresearchersmeasuredand19.mapped(map)thedesignofeachrestaurantandthenusedmealchecks20.totrack(track)whatdinersorderedandhowitrelatedto21.wheretheysat.Theresultsweretellingpeople：peoplesitting22.farthest/furthest(far)fromthefrontdooratethefewestsaladsandwere73percentmorelikelytoorderdesserts.Those23.seated(seat)atadarktableateheavierfoodandorderedmoreofit，whiledinerssittingat24.ahigh-topbartableorderedmoresaladsandfewerdesserts.Thedarkeritis，themore“invisible”youmightfeel，thelesseasy25.itistoseehowmuchyou'reeatingandthelessguiltyyoumightfeel.Seeingthesunlight,26.passers-by(passer-by)ortreesoutsidemightmakeyoumoreaware27.ofhowyoulook，mightmakeyouthinkaboutwalkingormightinspireyoutochooseagreensalad.Theresearchersalsonotedthatslimdinerschewedaround15timespermouthful，threechewsmorethanheavierdiners.By28.eating(eat)moreslowly，thedinerspendslesstimeittakesforthebraintofeelfull.Ⅳ.短文改错Lastnight，Igotomyfriend'sbirthdayparty.Imadesomenewfriendandwetalkedhappily.Onenewfriendshowedusthepicturesoftheplaceshehadbeenvisited.Weextremeadmiredhimbecauseallofthemwerealsoeagertotraveltodifferentplaces.However，wehaven'ttakenactionforvarietyreasonstillnow.Hetolduswehadsomuchenergyseetheworld.Weshouldcarryoutourtravelplanoncewehaveanidea.Whathetoldusisright，andmostyoungpeoplehaven'trealizedthis.Weshoulddowhatwewanttodoinsteadofwasteouryouth.答案Lastnight，Ieq\f(go,went)tom