2020年长宁高三英语二模试卷含听力文稿和答案

2020年长宁区高三英语在线学习效果评估试卷（考试时间120分钟；满分140分）I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.A.Inahotel. B.Inagarden.A.Classmates. B.Coachandathlete.A.$150. B.$200.A.Hehasn,tstartedtoread.C.Thebookisveryattractive.A.Taketheclothesoutofthedryer.C.Examinethedryerformaintenance.A.Hissweaterisnotwarmenough.C.Hiscoatissimilartothewoman,s.A.Callthelocalhotelsagaininafewdays.C.PhonetheLakeDistrictInnforareservation.A.Themanshouldhaveattendedtheclass.C.Themanhasenoughtimetofinishhisreport.A.Theplanewillleaveat9:30sharp.C.Thewomanhasjustmissedherplane.A.Themanonlyfilledhistankhalffull.C.Thecarisbreakingdownontheway.C.Inapark. D.Inacafe.C.Partners. D.Teacherandstudent.$300. D.$600.B.Heisafastreader.Thebookisnottoolong.B.Doherlaundryonceagain.D.Dryherclothesfortwentymoreminutes.B.Thewomanshouldhavewornasweater.D.Thewomanneedn,thavebroughtthecoat.B.Haveherparentsstayoncampus.D.Lookforvacantroomsnearthecampus.B.Shehasalreadyfinishedherreport.D.Shewillhelpthemanwithhisoutline.B.Thedeparturetimeremainsunknown.D.Themechanicalproblemshavebeenfixed.B.Thecarhasrunoutofgasoline.D.Themancan,treadtheinstrument.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwopassagesandonelongerconversation.Aftereachpassageandconversation,youwillbeaskedseveralquestions.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.BustoursaroundsomefascinatingEuropeancities.VoyageswithinterestingstopsontheDanubeRiver.JourneystosomemagnificentoperahousesinAustria.BicycleridesthroughbeautifulcountrysideinGermany.高三英语试卷第1页共14页

12.A.Nuremberg. B.Melk.C.Vienna. D.Budapest.12.A.Nuremberg. B.Melk.C.Vienna. D.Budapest.13.A.Agoodwaytoexplorethecityisgoingonafreebustour.B.Ruinsandremainsareeverywheretobeseeninthecity.Thecitygotitsnamefromtwoonceseparatetowns.Itisahistoriccityfullofamusicalatmosphere.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage..A.Theyarethefirstthree-brothergrouptorowacrosstheAtlantic.B.TheycrossedtheAtlanticwithoutthehelpofelectronicdevices.C.Theyaretheonlybagpipesplayersamongthecompetitors.D.Theyarrivedsixteendaysearlierthantheircompetitors..A.Theywerelefthomewithchargingcables.

C.Theyweredamagedbysaltyseawater..A.Hedesignedtheengineoftheirrowingboat..A.Theywerelefthomewithchargingcables.

C.Theyweredamagedbysaltyseawater..A.Hedesignedtheengineoftheirrowingboat.C.HeorganisedacharitynamedChildrenFirst.B.Theyaccidentallyfellintotheocean.D.Theyallhadgotdeadbatteries.B.Heaskedhisbrotherstotakeupthechallenge.D.Heregardedtherowingasapreciousexperience.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation..A.Thedefinitionofresponsibility. B.Goodmannersinpublic.C.Theequalityofhusbandandwife. D.Traditionalviewsonmarriage..A.Sharinghousework.B.Tendingchildren.C.Guardinghome.D.Makingmoney..A.Menshouldtreatwomenlikebabydollsintheirfamilylife.Menshouldhavemoresocialresponsibilitiesthanwomen.Womenshouldsupporttheirfamiliesaswell.D.Womenshouldbetreatedequallyinpublic..A.Menshouldobservetheruleofladyfirst.Husbandshouldtreathiswifelikeafriend.Rolesofmanandwomaninafamilyshoulddiffer.D.Husbandandwifeshouldbothearntheirownliving.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.ThefamilywhoeatstogetherWhat,sthepriceofafamilymeal?Formanyfamiliesintheworld,swealthiestcountries,theanswerseemstobe,‘toomuch’.Forinstance,intheUnitedStates,(21)isoftenatrendsetterinsuchthings,themajorityoffamiliesreporteatingasinglemealtogetherfewerthanfivedaysaweek.Infact,thefrequencyofsharedmeals(22)(decrease)inAmericanfamiliesby33percentoverthelasttwentyyears.Themeals(23)haveshortenedtoo:fromanaverageof90minutestojust12minutes.高三英语试卷第2页共14页Soperhapswe,rebetteroffaskingourselves(24)thecostofnoteatingtogetheris.Onceagain,wecouldturntothefigures.TheOrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopmenthasfoundthat15-year-oldswhoreportednotregularly(25)(share)familymealsweretwiceaslikelytobeabsentfromschool.InEurope,researchhassuggestedthatchildrenwhodon,teatdinnerwiththeirparentsatleasttwiceaweekfacea40percenthigherriskoffatness.Anotherstudy,(26)(conduct)bytheNationalCenteronAddictionandSubstanceAbuse(滥用)atColumbiaUniversity,foundthatkidswhoeatdinnerwiththeirparentsfiveormoretimesaweekare(27)(likely)tohaveproblemswithdrugsandalcohol.Butthosenumbers,impressive(28)theyseem,maybebesidethepoint.Afterall,havingamealtogetherismorethanjustapreventivemeasure(29)futuremisfortune.Theprimarycostofthefamilymealisalsotheverythingthatmakesitimportant:time.Thetimespenttogetheroverfoodleadstoallthepositiveoutcomesthataremeasuredinthestudies.Thattimespenttogetherhaslessnoticeable-butnolessreal-effectstoo.Sooften,(30)isatthefamilymealthatthefamilyassuch-thefamilyasanorganicunitwithsharedmemoriesandfeelingsandambitions—ismade.SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.flexibleB.geneticallyC.habituallyD.includedE.populationsF.previousG.restrictedH.seldomI.solid J.suspectsK.variationsWearingshoescanweakenanklebonesYourshoesarechangingyourfeet.Theanklesofpeoplewho31wearshoesaredifferenttothoseofpeoplewhotendtowalkbarefoot.Inmanyindustrialsocieties,peopletendtowearshoesfromayoungage.However,manypeoplearoundtheworldoftengobarefoot,orwearonlyverythinfootwear.“Weknowthattherearesome32inthefeetofmodernhumans,duetotheuseofshoes,”saysRitaSorrentinoattheUniversityofBolognainItaly.Butmost33findingsrelatetothefrontandmiddleofthefoot.Sheandherteamhavefocusedontheankleinstead.Theystudied142anklebonesfrom1134fromNorthAmerica,AfricaandEurope.These35sandal-wearing(穿凉鞋的)NgunifarmersinsouthernAfrica,peoplelivinginNewYorkandbonesfromStoneAgehuntergatherers.Thehunter-gatherers,anklebonesweresignificantlyshorterthanthoseofpeoplelivinginmoderncities,andtherewereotherdifferencesintheshape.“Theyaremostlyrelatedtofootwear-relatedbehavioursandmovementbehaviours,”saysSorrentino.Thehunter-gathererswalkedbarefootforlongdistanceseverydayovernaturalland.Theirankleswererelatively36.Incontrast,peoplewholiveinbigcities,whoweartightfootwearandwalkshortdistancesonflatsurfaceslikeconcreteroads,hadmoreunbendingankles.Changestoanklebonestakeplaceoverthecourseofaperson,slife,andthereisnoevidencethatthesealterationscanbepassedon37.AccordingtoSorrentino,38evidenceforpeoplewearingshoesonlyexistsforthepast10,000years.Forinstance,asandalfromaMissouricavemaybe8300yearsold.Earlyshoeswereallfairlysoft,sowouldn,thave39themotionoftheanklemuch.Itisanopenquestionwhethershoeshavedisadvantages,butSorrentino40thatthefirmnessofmodernshoescausesourbonestobecomeweakerandmorelikelytosufferfrombreaking.高三英语试卷第3页共14页ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Whydosofewpeoplefindfulfillmentintheirwork?AmyWrzesniewski,aYaleSchoolofManagementprofessorwhostudiestheseissues,offeredanexplanationthatmadealotof41.Students,shesaid,“thinktheircallingisunderarock,andifthey42enoughrocks,theywillfindit.”SurveysconfirmthatmeaningisthetopthingMillennials（千禧一代）saytheywantfromajob.Andyetherresearchshowsthatlessthan50%ofpeopleseetheirworkasacalling.So,manyofherstudentsareleftfeelinganxious,43,andcompletelyunsatisfiedbythegoodjobsandcareerstheydosecure.Whatthey—andmanyofus,Ithink—failtorealizeisthatworkcanbe44evenifyoudon,tthinkofitasacalling.ThefourmostcommonoccupationsinAmericaareretail（零售）salesperson,cashier,foodpreparer/server,andofficeclerk——jobsthataren,ttypically45“meaning.”Butallhavesomethingincommonwiththoseprofessionsthatare,suchasteachersanddoctors:Theyexisttohelpothers.AndasAdamGrant,aprofessorattheUniversityofPennsylvania,hasshown,peoplewhoseetheirworkasaformof46alwaysranktheirjobsasmoremeaningful.Thatmeansyoucanfindmeaninginnearlyanyroleinnearlyanyorganization.47,mostcompaniescreateproductsorservicestofillaneedintheworld,andallemployeescontributeintheirownways.Thekeyistobecomemoreconsciousabouttheserviceyou,reproviding—-48andpersonally.How?Onestrategyistoconstantlyremindyourselfofyourorganization,smain49.LifeIsGoodisaclothingcompanybestknownforcolorfulT-shirtswithstick-figuredesigns,butitsmissionistospread50andhopethroughouttheworld,andthat,ssomethingevenstoreroomemployeesunderstand.Ifyouworkforanaccountingfirm,you'rehelpingpeopleorcompanieswiththe51taskofdoingtheirtaxes.Eachjobservesapurposeintheworld.Evenifyoucan,tgetexcitedaboutyourcompany,smissionorcustomers,youcanstilladoptaserviceattitudebythinkingabouthowyourwork52thoseyoulove.ConsiderastudyofwomenworkinginashoefactoryinMexico.Researchersfoundthatthosewhodescribedtheworkasdullweregenerallylessproductivethanthosewhosaiditwas53.Buttheeffectswentawayforthoseintheformergroupwhosawthework（howeverboring）asawaytosupporttheirfamilies.Withthatattitude,theywerejustasproductiveand54astheworkerswhodidn,tmindthetask.Noteveryonefindstheironetruecalling.Butthatdoesn,tmeanwe,refatedtoworkmeaninglessjobs.Ifwe55ourtasksasopportunitiestohelpothers,anyoccupationcanfeelmoresignificant.41.A.progressB.troubleC.senseD.difference42.A.carveoutB.turnoverC.pileupD.keepoff43.A.frustratedB.shockedC.inspiredD.excited44.A.meaningfulB.demandingC.repetitiveD.challenging45.A.distinguishedfromB.exposedtoC.associatedwithD.definedas46.A.understandingB.existingC.producingD.giving47.A.InconclusionB.AfterallC.BycomparisonD.Inaddition48.A.asawholeB.inthiswayC.inpublicD.onaverage49.A.advantageB.businessC.objectiveD.construction50.A.optimismB.informationC.designsD.strategies高三英语试卷第4页共14页51.A.unpleasantB.dangerousC.productiveD.urgent52.A.gathersB.benefitsC.worriesD.entertains53.A.embarrassingB.rewardingC.roughD.temporary54.A.relaxedB.surprisedC.confusedD.energized55.A.assignB.abandonC.neglectD.reframeSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)WhenaneditorcalledtoaskifIcouldphotographastoryaboutfirefliesinMexico,Ididn,tcheckmyschedulebeforeIsaidyes.I,dseentheseinsectslightuptheforestsinTlaxcalaoncebefore,andIjumpedatthechancetogoback.Ihadthreenightstocapturethemagicalsceneintheforest.Camerastandinhand,Ihikedwithmycolleaguesintothefoggyforestatdusk.Accordingtoourguides,visitorsareusuallynotallowedtophotographthefirefliesbecausethepresenceofartificiallightfromelectronicscanaffecttheirhabits.AsIstartedshooting,Iadjustedmyexposuresconstantlytoaccountforthefadinglight.InordertogetthecompositionthatIwanted,Iplacedmycamerastandonasteep,rockypathandhadtosteadyitduringthelongexposures.Normallythiswouldn,tbeabigdeal,butthefireflieswereveryinterestedinthecameraand,byextension,inme.Istoodcompletelystillwhiletheycrawledalloverme-myarms,myhair,myface一andtickle呵痒)mynoseandcheeks.FromwhatIobserved,peakfireflypresencehappensforonlyabout20minuteseachnight,soIhadtimeforjustafewtries.Onthelastnighteverythingcametogether.Theweathercooperated.Ihadimprovedmymethodforfocusingandcomposinginthedarkwithquickflashesfromapowerfulflashlight-andI,dgrownaccustomedtoinsectsonmyface.Iwasrewardedwiththeimageyouseehere.Eachspotoflightisoneofseveralburststhatafireflymakesasittravelsina30-secondexposure.Youcantracetheinsects,paths:Somemakesmallcircles,likethoseinthebottomcenteroftheframe,whileothersmovesteadilyinonedirectionoranother.ThefirsttimeIvisitedthefireflies,Ididn'thavethepressureoftryingtocaptureandconveythisastonishingscene.Thatwillalwaysbemyfavoriteexperiencewiththeseshiningcreatures.Accordingtothepassage,theauthormostprobablyisa(n).A.fieldbiologist B.insectobserverC.expertphotographerD.mountainhikerTheauthorplacedthecamerastandonasteepandrockypathto.A.makeupforthedyinglight B.keepawayfromtheannoyingfirefliesC.obtainanidealimage D.catchpeakfireflypresenceWecanlearnfromthepassagethattheauthor.A.wasaccusedofcapturingwildfireflies B.enduredphysicallytogetfirst-handfireflyshotsC.wastiredoftheexposuretodarkforests D.gothismostsatisfyingimageonthesecondnightWhatdoestheauthorthinkofhisexperienceintheforest?A.Fascinating. B.Passionate. C.Surprising. D.Miserable.高三英语试卷第5页共14页

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ToProofreadPAllwrittenworkshouldbeproofreadtogiveitthatfinalpolishandprofessionaledge.Businesses,publishers,writersandstudentsarejustafewofthepeoplewhocouldbeyourcustomersifyoulearntoproofreadtoahighstandard.Injustafewshortmonthsourhome-studyContinuingProfessionalDevelopment(CPD)Certificatecourse—withexpertpersonaltuition—teachesyouhowtoproofreadandcopyedittoaprofessionallevel.You,llbrushuponyourpunctuation,spellingandgrammar,learnwhattolookoutforandhowtomarkuponpaperandscreen.Youcanuseyournewskillstoproofreadyourownwork,inyourcurrentjob,oraddthemtoyourresumetohelpyoufindanewpositionorgainpromotion.Butthat,snotall.Youalsolearnhowtosetupasafreelancendhowtofindcustomerssoyoucanworkathomeforanextraorfull-timeincomepotentiallyearning£25perhour.Onceyouhavetheskillsthechoiceisyours.Thecourseisidealforbeginnersortouseasarefresher. 15-daytrial.Requestyourfreecourseintroduction,withnoobligationtoenroll.Callorclicknow!YouCanStartTODAY

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WhenYouEnrolONLINEwww.wbproofreadingxomI\UK(M.L QuuLukcl':2JHRS s/IJnj4YourCourseIncludes:Specialistcourseonproofreadingandcopyediting.Caringconstructivehelpfromexperttutors.YourCourseIncludes:Specialistcourseonproofreadingandcopyediting.Caringconstructivehelpfromexperttutors.Fourtutor-markedassignments.HelpandadvicefromourexperiencedStudentAdvisoryTeam.Flexiblestudyprogramme.Specialistadviceonhowtofindwork.Enrollwhenitsuitsyou.Instantaccesstocoursematerialwhenyouenrollonline.15daystrial.Adviceonhowtosetyourselfupinbusiness.ContinuingProfessionalDevelopmentCertificate.ExpertOpinions“Thisisanextremelyhelpfulcoursebothforthosestartingproofreadingandforthosewho,likeme,needtoberemindedofeverythingwehaveforgotten.Aboveall,Ithoroughlyenjoyedthattoneofvoiceoftheauthor—hewriteswithauthoritybutmanagestokeepalighttouch.”DorothyNicolleWhatDurstudentsSav“IamanEnglishhonoursgraduatebutevensoIdiscoveredthatmygrammarwasnotasperfectasIhadbelieved!AftercompletingtheProofreading&CopyEditingcourseIsetmyselfupasapart-timefreelanceproofreaderwithasmallbandofregularcustomers.”CarolBrowne高三英语试卷第6页共14页60.Accordingtothebrochure,“afeelancek(paragraph3)referstosomeonewho.A.findscustomersmainlyonline B.getspromotedatworkeasilyC.longsforthefreedomofbeingalone D.worksforoneselfwithaflexibleschedulefyouareinterestedinthiscoursebuthavenotenrolledyet,youmay.A.makeyourdecisionafterahalf-monthtry B.havefreeaccesstothecoursematerialC.needtoshowyourCPDCertificate D.helptutorsmarksomehomeworkItcanbeconcludedfromthebrochurethat.thecourseismorebeneficialtoexpertsthantogreenhandsproofreadingandcopyeditingarenormallypaper-pentasksC.thereisagoodmarketforproofreadingandcopyeditingD.high-levelproofreadersandcopyeditorsareraretofind(C)Asecretivefacialrecognitionprogram“couldannouncetheendofpublicanonymity(匿名),”saidKashmirHillinTheNewYorkTimes.Whilepolicedepartmentshaveusedfacialrecognitiontoolsforyears,they,vebeenlimitedtosearchinggovernment-providedimages,forexampledriver,slicensephotos.NowanappcalledClearviewAIcanremoveimagesoffaces“fromacrosstheinternet”一includingsocialmediasiteslikeFacebookandTwitter,employmentsites,evenVenmo—gatheringadatabaseofmorethan3billionphotos.“Untilnow,technologythatreadilyidentifieseveryonebasedonhisorherfacehasbeenforbiddenbecauseofitsinvasionofprivacy.”Clearviewlicensesitstechnologytomorethan600lawimplementationagencies.NewYorkCitypassedontheappaftera90-daytest,worriedaboutpotentialmisuse.Clearview,sinvestors“predictthatitsappwilleventuallybeavailabletothepublic."Soon,“searchingsomeonebyfacecouldbecomeaseasyasGooglinganame.”We,vebeenbuildingtowardthismomentforalongtime,saidAdrianCheninTheCaliforniaSundayMagazine.Inthelate1800s,theFrenchpoliceofficerAlphonseBertillondevisedthefirst“methodforidentifyingcriminalsbasedontheirphysicalfeatures,"using11physicalmeasurements.Butscalechangeseverything.TheDepartmentofHomelandSecurityplanstoscan“97percentofallpassengersonoutgoinginternationalflights."Andthetechnologyhasbeenimprovedandcommercializedtothepointwhereyoucansearchadatabaseandbuyscansforaslittleas“40centsanimageifyouoptforAmazon,sfacialrecognitionsoftwareplan.”Allthishasalreadyledtogrowingfearsaboutfacialrecognition,saidJanoschDelckerandCristianoLimainP,but“effortstocheckitsspreadarehittingawallofresistanceonbothsidesoftheAtlantic.”Atwo-partypushtolimitthegovernmenfsuseoffacialrecognitionhasbeendelayedinCongress.TheEuropeanUnion(EU)isdiscussingafive-yeartemporaryban,butEuropeanprivacyrulescontain“abroadcarve-outforpublicauthorities.”Andauthoritiesareusingit:London'spolicejustlastweekenabledlivefacialrecognitionforcamerasacrossthecity.Evenifsomebansonthetechnologysucceed,saidBruceSchneierinTheNewYorkTimes,we,restillbuildingan“observationsociety.”Facialrecognitionisjustoneidentificationtechnologyamongmany.Anentirelyunregulateddataindustryisalreadycreating“descriptionsofwhoweareandwhatourinterestsare”bytrackingourmovements,purchases,andinteractions.“Wearebeingidentifiedwithoutourknowledge,andsocietyneedsrulesaboutwhenthatispermissible.”高三英语试卷第7页共14页63.SofarClearview,scustomersare.A.investorsofAIapps B.socialmediasitessmallgroupsofprivateusers D.governmentdepartmentsBy“Butscalechangeseverythi（paragraph2）,theauthormeansthat.A.facialidentificationtechnologyhasgonefarbeyonditsoriginalpurposeB.peopleshouldbescannedthroughmoreavailablephysicalmeasurementsC.bordersecurityinspectionhasbroughtcommercializationofidentificationsoftwareD.widespreadcheapimagesarebecomingadrawbackforfacialrecognitiontechnologyWhatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?Rulesconcerninganti-invasionofprivacyarepracticablearoundtheworld.Facialrecognitiontechnologyistooirresistibletosetasideforgovernments.Effortstostopmisuseoffacialidentificationhaveachievedaninitialsuccess.Prohibitiononidentificationtechnologyhasgainedsupportfromgovernments.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Facialrecognitionisundercontrol B.GetyourfacialidentificationreadyC.Yourfaceisnowpublicproperty D.EstablishalargerfacedatabaseSectionCDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.Asaresult,namesandfilesareusuallyarrangedinalphabeticorder.Itmeanswordsmustbewrittenusingcombinationsofseveralsymbols.Itisasetoflettersorsymbolsinafixedorderusedforwritingalanguage.Asidefromthealphabet,therearetwoothermodernwritingsystems.E.Perhapsthemostimportantdivisionshappenedbetween3000and2000yearsago.Insomepartsoftheworld,alphabetshavebeenimposedonpeoplebyempirebuilders.HowwewritetodayThealphabetwasbornabout3800yearsago.Afteraslowstart,ithasproduceddozensofoffspring（后代）.67Nearthebeginningofthisperiod,thePhoenicianalphabet-adirectoffspringofthefirstone-gaverisetotheGreekandAramaicalphabets.TheGreekalphabetthenledtoahugevarietyofforms,fromtheCyrillicfamilyusedinsouth-eastEuropeandnorthernAsiatotheLatin/RomanfamilythatincludesEnglish,GermanandFrench.TheAramaicalphabet,meanwhile,developedintoagroupthatincludestheHebrewandArabicalphabets.ItprobablyalsogaverisetotheBrahmiscript,anotherdistincttypeofalphabetthatisitselftheparentofdozensmoreusedacrosssouthandSouth-EastAsia.68Inthefirst-ofwhichChinesetextistheonlyrealexamplestillinuse-signsrepresentfullwords.Intheother,signsrepresentsyllables（音节）.JapaneseusesmanyChinese“word”characters,buthastwootherwritingsystemsbasedonsyllablesigns.Thefewothersyllable-basedsystemsincludetheCherokeeoneusedinthesouth-eastUS.高三英语试卷第8页共14页Thevarietyandglobaldominanceofthealphabetisn,tnecessarilyasignofitssuperioritytootherwritingsystems,saysAmaliaGnanadesikan,recentlyretiredfromtheUniversityofMaryland.69Forinstance,theyareusedacrossnorthAsia,AfricaandtheAmericasbecauseofRussianandwesternEuropeanexpansionism.Thefactthatalphabetsuseasmallersetofcharactersthanotherwritingsystemsisn,tentirelybeneficialeither,saysGnanadesikan.70Takethephrase“dogbitesman”.SomeonelearningChinesehastounderstandjustthreesigns—ratherthan11letters—toreadandwritethesentence.“Soyougetaveryrapidabilitytotranslatewhatyou,relearningintouse,”shesays.Moreover,childreninJ