(完整版)大学英语四级阅读明白试题及答案(一)

千里之行，始于足下。第2页/共2页精品文档推荐(完整版)大学英语四级阅读明白试题及答案(一)大学英语四级阅读明白试题及答案（一）

一

Therearethreekindsofgoals:short-term,medium-rangeandlong-termgoals.

Short-rangegoalsarethosethatusuallydealwithcurrentactivities,whichwecanapplyonadailybasis.Suchgoalscanbeachievedinaweekorless,ortwoweeks,orpossiblemonths.Itshouldberememberedthatjustasabuildingisnostrongerthanitsfoundation,outlong-termgoalscannotamounttoverymunchwithouttheachievementofsolidshort-termgoals.Uponcompletingourshort-termgoals,weshoulddatetheoccasionandthenaddnewshort-termgoalsthatwillbuildonthosethathavebeencompleted.

Theintermediategoalsbukldonthefoundationoftheshort-rangegoals.Theymightdealwithjustonetermofschoolortheentireschoolyear,ortheycouldevenextendforseveralyears.Anytimeyoumoveastepatatime,youshouldneverallowyourselftobecomediscouragedoroverwhelmed.Asyoucompleteeachstep,youwillenforcethebeliefinyourabilitytogrowadnsucceed.Andasyourlistofcompletiondatesgrow,yourmotivationanddesirewillincrease.

Long-rangegoalsmayberelatedtoourdreamsofthefuture.Theymightcoverfiveyearsormore.Lifeisnotastaticthing.Weshouldneverallowalong-termgoaltolimitusorourcourseofaction.

1.Ourlong-termgoalsmeanalot__.

a.ifwecompleteourshort-rangegoals

b.ifwecannotreachsolidshort-termgoals

c.ifwewritedownthedates

d.ifweputforwardsomeplans

2.Newshort-termgoalsarebulidupon__.

a.twoyears

b.long-termgoals

c.currentactivities

d.thegoalsthathavebeencompleted

3.Whenwecompleteeachstepofourgoals,__.

a.wewillwinfinalsuccess

b.weareoverwhelmed

c.weshouldbuildupconfidenceofsuccess

d.weshouldstrongdesireforsettingnewgoals

4.Onceourgoalsaredrawnup,__.

a.weshouldsticktothemuntilwecompletethem

b.wemaychangeourgoalsaswehavenewideasandopportunities

c.wehadbetterwaitfortheexcitingnewsofsuccess

d.wehavemadegreatdecision

5.Itisimpliedbutnotstatedinthepassagethat___.

a.thosewhohabelong-termgoalswillsucceed

b.writingdownthedatesmaydiscourageyou

c.thegoalisonlyaguideforustoreachourdesination

d.everyshouldhaveagoal

答案：adcbc

二

TheeconomyoftheUnitedstatesafter1952wastheeconnomyofawell-fed,almostfullyemployedpeople.Despitoccasionalalarms,thecountryescapedanypostwardepressionandlivedinastateofboom.Aneconomicsurveyoftheyear1955,atypicalyearofthe1950’s,maybetypicalasillustratingtherapideconomicgrowthofthedecade.Thenationaloutputwasvalueat10percentabovethatof1954(1955outputwasestimatedat392billiondollars).Theproductionofmanufacturerswasabout40percentmorethanithadaveragedintheyearsimmediatelyfollowingWorldWar2.Thecountry’sbusinessspentabout30billiondollarsfornewfactoriesandmachinery.Nationalincomeavailableforspendingwasalmostathirdgreaterthanithadbeenithadbeenin1950.Consumersspentabout256billiondollars;thatisabout700milliondollarsaday,orabouttwenty-fivemilliondollarseveryhour,allroundtheclock.Sixty-fivemillionpeopleheldjobsandonlyalittlemorethantwomillionwantedjobsbutcouldnotfindthem.Onlyagriculturecomplainedthatitwasnotsharingintheroom.Tosomeobserversthiswasanominousechoofthemid-1920’s.Asfarmer’sshreoftheirproductsdeclined,marketingcostsrose.Buttherewere,amongtheobserversofthenationaleconomy,afewwhowerenotasconfidentasthemajority.Thosefewseemedtofearthattheboomcouldnotlastandwouldeventuallyleadtotheoppsite-depression.

1.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?

a.TheAgriculaturalTrendsof1950’s

b.TheUnemploymentRateof1950’s

c.U.S.Economyinthe50’s

d.TheFederalBudgetof1952

2.InLine4,theword“boom”couldbestbereplacedby______.

a.nearbyexplosion

b.thunderousnoise

c.generalpublicsupport

d.rapideconomicgrowth

3.ItcanbeinferredthenationalfromthepassagethatmostpeopleintheUnitedStatesin1955viewedthenationaleconomywithanairof_________.

a.confidence

b.confusion

c.disappointment

d.suspicion

4.WhichofthefollowingwereLEASTsatisfiedwiththenationaleconomyinthe1950’s?

a.Economists

b.Frmaers

c.Politicians

d.Steelworkers

5.ThepassagestatesthatincomavailableforspendingintheU.S.wasgreaterin1955thanin1950.Howmuchwasit?

a.60%

b.50%

c.33%

d.90%

答案：cdabc

三

Womenarealsounderrepresentedintheadministrationandthisisbecausetherearesofewwomenfullprofessors.In1985,RegentBerylMilburnproducedareportblastingtheUniversityofTexasSystemadminitrationfornotencouragingwomen.TheUniversitywasratedamongthelowestforthesystem.Ina1987update,Milburncommendedtheprogressthatwasmadeandcalledforevenmoreimprovement.

OneofthepositiveresultsfromherstudywasaSystem-wideprogramtoinformwomenofavailableadministrativejobs.

CollegeofCommunicationAssociateDeanPatricaWitherspoon,saiditisimportantthatwomanbeflexiblewhenitcomestorelocatingiftheywanttoriseintheranks.

Althoughawomanmayfaceachillyclimateoncampus,manytimesinorderforhertosucceed,shemustriseabovetheproblemsaroundherandconcentrateonherwork.

UntilwomenmakeupagreaterpercentageoftheseniorpositionsintheUniversityandallacademia,inequitieswillexist.

"WomenneedtospendtheirenergiesandtimedoingscholarlyactivitiesthatareimportanthereattheUniversity."Spirdusosaid."Iftheydothatwillbesuccessfulinthissystem.Iftheyspendtheirtimeinlittlegroupsmourningthesexualdiscriminationthattheythinkexistshere,theyarewastingvaluablestudytime."

1.AccordingtoSpirduso,womenneedto____.

duceareportonsexualdiscrimination

b.callforfurtherimprovementintheirworkingconditions

c.spendtheirenergiesandtimefightingagainstsexualdiscrimination

d.spendmoretimeandenergydoingscholarlyactivities

2.Fromthispassage,weknowthat_____.

a.therearemanywomenfullprofessorsintheUniversityofTexas

b.womenplayanimportantpartinadminitratingtheUniversity

c.theweatheronthecampusischilly

d.womenmakeupasmallpercentageoftheseniorpositionsintheUniversity

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

a.thenumberofwomenprofessorsintheUniversityin1987wasgreaterthanthatof1985

b.thenumberofwomenprofessorsintheUniversityin1987wassmallerthanthatof1985

c.thenumberofwomenprofessorswasthesameasthatof1985

d.moreandmorewomenprofessorsthoughtthatsexualdiscriminationdidexitintheUniversity

4.OneofthepositiveresultsfromMilburn'sstudywasthat_____.

a.womenweretoldtoconcentrateonteirwork

b.womenweregiveninformationaboutavailableadministrativejobs

c.womenwereencouragedtotakeonalltheadministrativejobsintheUnversity

d.womenwereencouragedtodomorescholarlyactivities

5.Thetitleforthispassageshouldbe_______.

a.TheUniversityofTexas

b.Milburn'sReport

c.WomenProfessors

d.SexualDiscriminationinAcademia

答案：ddabd

四

Today,asineveryotherdayoftheyear,morethan3000U.S.adlescentswillsmoketheirfirstcigaretteontheirwaytobecomingregularsmokersasadults.Duringtheirlifetime,itcanbeexpectedthatofthese3000about23willbemurdered,30willdieintrafficaccidents,andnearly750willbekilledbyasmoking-relateddisease.Thenumberofdeathsattributedtocigarettesmokingoutweithtsallotherfactors,whethervoluntaryorinvoluntary,asacauseofdeath.

Sincethelate1970s,whendailysmokingamonghighschoolseniorsreached30precent,smokingratesamongyouthhavedeclined.Whilethedeclineisimpressive,severalimportantissuesmustberaised.

First,inthepastseveralyears,smokingratesamongyouthhavedeclinedverylittle.Second,inthelate1970s,smokingamongmalehighschoolseniorsexceededthatamongfemalebynearly10percent.Thestatisticisreversing.Third,severalrecentstudieshaveindicatehighschooldropoutshaveexcessivelyhighsmokingrates,asmuchas75percent.

Finally,thouthsignificantdeclinesinadolescentsmokinghaveoccurredinthepastdecade,nodefinitereasonsforthedeclineexist.Withinthiscontext,theNaionalCancerInstiute(NCI)beganitscurrentefforttodeterminethemosteffecivemeasurestoreducesmokingleveslamongyouth.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,thedeathsamongyoutharemainlycausedby_____.

a.trafficaccidents

b.smoking-relateddesease

c.murder

d.allofthese

2.Everydaythereareover_____highschoolstrdentswhowillbecomeregularsmoker.

a.75

b.23

c.30

d.3000

3.By"dropout"theauthormeans______.

a.studentswhofailedtheexamination

b.studentswholeftschool

c.studentswholosttheirway

d.studentswhoweredrivenoutofschool

4.Thereasonfordecliningadolescentsmokingisthat________.

a.NCIhastakeneffectivemeasures

b.smokingispreventedamonghighschoolseniors

c.therearemanysmokerswhohavediedofcancer

d.noneofthese

5.Whatisimpliedbutnotstatedbytheauthoristhat________.

a.smokingratesamongyouthhavedeclinedverylittle

b.therearenowmorefemalethanmalesmokersamonghighschoolseniors

c.highsmokingratesareduetotheinceaseinwealth

d.smokingathighschoolarefromlowsocio-economicbackgrounds

答案：bdbdb

五

Thefoodweeatseemstohaveprofoundeffectsonourhealth.Althoughsciencehasmadeenormousstepsinmakingfoodmorefittoeat,ithas,atthesametime,mademanyfoodsunfitto

eat.Someresearchhasshownthatperhapseightypercentofallhumanillnessesarerelatedtodietandfortypercentofcancerisrelatedtothedietaswell,especiallycancerofthecolon.Differentculturesaremorelikelytocausecertaindifferentillnessesbecauseofthefoodthatischaracteristicinthesecultures.Thatfoodisrelatedtoillnessisntoanewdiscovery.In1945,about35yearsago,goverXXXentresearchersrealizedthatnitrates,commonlyusedtopreservecolorinmeats,andotherfoodadditivies,causedcancer.Yet,thesecarcinogenicadditivesremaininourfood,anditbecomesmoredifficultallthetimetoknowwhichthingsonthepackaginglabelsofprocessedfoodarehelpfulorharmful.Theadditiveswhichweeatarenotallsodirect.Farmersoftengivepenicillintobeefandlivinganimals,andbecauseofthis,penicillinhasbeenfoundinthemilkoftreatedcow.Sometimessimilardrugsaregiventoanimalsnotformedicalpurposes,butforfinancialreasons.Thefarmersaresimplytryingtofattentheanimalsinordertoobtainahigherpriceonthemarket.AlthoughtheFoodandDrugAdministration(FDA)hastriedrepeatedlytocontroltheseprocedures,thepracticescontinue.

1.Whatisthebestpossibletitleofthepassage?

a.DrugandFood

b.CancerandHealth

c.FoodandHealth

d.HealthandDrug

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTture?

a.Drugsarealwaysgiventoanimalsformedicalreasons

b.Someoftheadditivesinourfoodareaddedtothefooditselfandsomearegiventothelivinganimals

c.Researchershaveknownaboutthepotentialdangersoffoodadditivesforoverthirty-fiveyears.

d.Foodmaycausefortypercentofcancerinworld.

3.Howhassciencedonesomethingharmfultomankind?

a.Becauseofscience,diseasescausedbypollutedfoodhavenbeenvirtuallyeliminated.

b.Ithascausedalackofinformationconcerningthevalueoffood.

c.Becauseoftheapplicationofscience,somepotentiallyharmfulsubstanceshavebeenaddedtofoo

d.

d.Thescientistshavepreservedthecolorofmeats,butnotofvegetables.

4.Whatarenitratesusedfor?

a.Theypreserveflavorinpackagedfoods.

b.Theypreservethecolorofmeats.

c.Theyaretheobjectsofresearch.

d.Theycausetheanimalstobecomefatter.

5.Theword'carcinogenic'mostnearlymeans'_____'.

a.trouble-making

b.color-retaining

c.money-making

d.cancer-causing

答案：cacbd

Whatisyourfavouritecolour?Doyoulikeyellow,orange,red?Ifyoudo,youmustbeanoptimist,aleader,anactivepersonwhoenjoyslife,peopleandexcitement.Doyouprefergreysandblues?Thenyouareprobablyquiet,shy,andyouwouldratherfollowthanlead.Youtendtobeapessimist.Atleast,thisiswhatpsychologiststellus,andtheyshouldknow,becausetheyhavebeenseriouslystudyingthemeaningofcolourspreference,aswellastheeffectthatcolourshaveonhumanbeings.Theytellsus,amongotherfacts,thatwedonotchooseourfavouriteclouraswegrowupwearebornwithourpreference.Ifyouhappentolovebrown,youdidso,assoonasyouopenedyoureyes,oratleastassoonasyoucouldseeclearly.

Coloursdoinfluenceourmoodsthereisnodoubtaboutit.Ayellowroommakesmostpeoplefeelmorecheerfulandmorerelaxedthanadarkgreenone;andareddressbringswarmthandcheertothesaddestwinterday.Ontheotherhand,blackisdepressing.AblackbridgeovertheThamesRiver,nearLondon,usedtobethesceneofmoresuicidesthananyotherbridgeintheareauntilitwasrepaintergreen.Thenumberofsuicideattemptsimmediatelyfellsharply;perhapsitwouldhavefallenevenmoreifthebridgehadbeendoneinpinkorbabyblue.

Lightandbrightcoloursmakepeoplenotonlyhppierbutmoreactive.Itisanestablishedfactthatfactoryworkersworkbetter,harder,andhavefeweraccidentswhentheirmachinesarepaintedorangeratherthanblackorgrey.

1."Youwouldratherfollowthanred"means_______.

a.youdon'tliketofollowothers

b.youwouldbeamemberratherthanaleader

c.youwouldbeafraidoffollowingothers

d.youwouldliketobealeaderratherthanafollower

2.Ifoneenjoyslife,oneissuretoprefer________.

a.redtoyellow

b.bluetoorange

c.redtogrey

d.bluetoyellow

3."Theytellus,amongotherfacts,thatwedon'tchooseourfavouritecoloursaswegrowup.""Amongotherfacts"means______.

a.besidesotherfacts

b.inregardtootherfacts

c.notconsideringotherfacts

d.accordingtootherfacts

4.Whichofthefollowingisfacts?

a.People'spreferenceofonecolourtoanotherisinstinct

b.People'spreferenceofonecolourtoanotherisacquiredastheygrowup.

c.Morepeoplehappentolovebrownbecausetheysawsomethingbrownwhentheywereborn

d.Colourshavelittleinfluenceonourmoods

5.ThosewhocommittedsuicidepreferredthebridgeovertheThamesRivernearlondontoothersbecauseof_______.

a.itsshape

b.itsstructure

c.itscolour

d.itsbuildingmaterials

答案：bcaac

十二

Socialcustomsandwaysofbehavingchange.Thingswhichwereconsideredimpolitemanyyearsagoarenowacceptable.Justafewyearsago,itwasconsideredimpolitebehaviourforamantosmokeonstreet.Nomanwhothoughtofhimselfbysmokingwhenaladywasinaroom.Customsalsodifferfromcountrytocountry.Doesamanwalkontheleftortherightofawomaninyourcountry?Ordoesn'titmatter?Shouldyouusebothhandswhenyouareeating?Shouldleaveoneinyourlap,oronthetable?

TheAmericansandtheBritishnotonlyspeakthesamelanguagebutalsosharealargenumberofsocialcustoms.Forexample,inbothAmericaandEnglandpeopleshakehandswhentheymeeteachotherforthefirsttime.Also,mostEnglishmenwillopenadoorforawoXXXanoroffertheirseattoawoman,andsowillmostAmericans.PromptnessisimportantbothinEnglandandinAmerica.Thatis,ifadinnerinvitationisfor7o'clock,thedinnerguesteitherarrivesclosetothattimeorcallsuptoexplainhisdelay.

Theimportantthingtorememberaboutsocialcustomsisnottodoanythingthatmightmakeotherpeoplefeeluncomfortableespeciallyiftheyareyourguests.Whenthefoodwasserved,oneoftheguestsstratedtoeathispeaswithaknife.Theotherguestswereamusedorshocked,butthehostcalmlypickeduphisknifeandbeganeatinginthesameway.Itwouldhavebeenbadmannerstomakehisguestfeelfoolishoruncomfortable.

1.Ifonehasacceptedadinnerinvitation,whatshouldhedoifheistobelateforthedinner?

a.Heshouldfindanexcuse

b.Heshouldadkforexcuse.

c.Heshouldsaysorry

d.Heshouldtelephonetoexplainhisbeinglat

e.

2."Itwouldhavebeenbadmannerstomakehisguestsfeelfoolishoruncomfortable.""Badmanners"means________.

a.ugly

b.dishonest

c.impolite

d.shameful

3.whichofthefollowingdoyouthinkisthebesttiltleforthispassage?

a.SocialCustomsandCustoms

b.SocialLife

c.AmericanandBritishCustoms

d.PromptnessIsImportant

4.Accordingtothetext,thebesthost_______.

a.trieshisbesttomakehisguestsfeelcomfortable

b.makeshisguestsfeelexcited

c.triestoavoidbeingnaughtytohisguests

d.triestoavoidbeingfoolish

5.Theauthorofthisarticlemayagreewithwhichofthefollowing?

a.Theguestwhoatehispeaswithaknife

b.Theotherguestswhowereamusedorshocked

c.Thehostwhopickeduphisknifeandbeganeatinginthesameway

d.Noneoftheabove

答案：dcaac

十三

NewOrleans,Louisiana,wasestablishedaspartoftheFrenchEmpirein1718.

ItslocationontheeastbankoftheMississippiRivergaveitcontroloftheAmericanhinerlandanditbecamestrategicallyimportanttomanynations.ItwastransferredfromFrancetoSpain,returnedtoFrance,andfinallysoldbyNapoleontotheUnitedStatesin1803.Thecitywasthesiteofafamousbattlefoughtin1815betweentheBritish,whohopedtocontrolit,andtheAmericansunderGeneralAndrewJackson.

TheriverbedoftheMississippiisconstantlysiltingandtheriverisnowactuallyhigherthanthecity.Leveesholdbacktheriverandgiantpumpsareusedtomovewaterfromthecityintotheriver.

AlthoughNewOrleanshaasbeenapartoftheUnitedStatesforalmosttwocenturies,itspopulationtakesgreatprideinitsFrenchheritage.LouisianastillretainspartsoftheCodeNapoleonwhich,formmanyyears,wasitsonlylaw.

NewOrleansiscarefreecityanditboastsitshot,spicyCreoleseafoodanditsnativeDixielandJazz.ThejacksonSquareneighborhoodmaintainsitsFrenchcolonialhomesandinothersectionsarepre-CivilWarmansions.Visitorsaresurprisedtofindthatbehindthisinterestingfacadeofyesteryear,isabusyindustrialandportcity.GrainandcoalcomefromtheMidwestandforeighcargoesareunloadedhere.NewOrleansisnolongerasleepySoutherntownbutit'sstillfuntovisit.

1.WhataccountsfortheleveesandpumpsinNewOrleans?

a.TheMississippifrequentlyfloodsthecity.

b.Theriverbedhasraisedinthepast200years.

c.Thetorrentialrainsfloodthecityfrequently.

d.Thehighhumiditycannototherwisebecomtrolled.

2.ThebattleofNewOrleanswasfoughtbyjacksonagainst______.

a.France

b.Britain

c.Spain

d.TheNorth

3.TheCodeNapoleonwas_______.

a.anagreementtosellLouisiana

b.abodyoflaws

c.acityplan

d.amilitarycodeforthearmy

4.WhichofthefollowingelementsdoesnotapplytotheattiudeoftheinhabitantsofNewOrleans?

a.PrideintheirFrenchheritage.

b.Adesiretoretainpicturesquecolonialbuildings.

c.Arefusaltoengageintradeandcommerce

d.ApraisingofDixielandJazz.

5.TouristsvisitingNewOrleansaresurprisedtoencounter_____.

a.Creolefood

b.Dixielandjazz

c.bustlingcity

d.authenticcolonialhomes

答案：bbbcc

十四

TheUnitedStatesisonthevergeoflosingitsleadingplaceintheworld'stechnology.Sosaysmorethanonestudyinrecentyears.OneofthereasonsforthisdeclineistheparalleldeclineinthenumberofU.S.scientistsandengineers.

Since1976,employmentofscientistsandengineersisup85percent.Thistrendisexpectedtocontinue.However,thetrendshowsthatthenumberof22-year-olds--theneartermsourceoffuturePH.D.s-isdeclining.Furtheraddingtotheproblemistheincreasedcompetitionforthesecandidatesfromotherfields-law,medicine,business,etc.WhilethenumberofU.S.PH.D.sinscienceandengineeringdeclines,theawardofPH.D.stoforeignnationalsisincreasingrapidly.

OurinabilitytomotivatestudentstopursuescienceandengineeringcareersatthegraduateleveliscompoundedbecauseoftheintensedemandindustryhasforbrightBachelor'sandMaster'sdegreeholders.Toooften,promisingPH.D.candidates,confrontingthecostandfinancialsacrificeofpursuingtheireducation,findtheattractionofindustryirresistible.

1.TheU.S.willcometoloseitsleadingplaceintechnologyprobablybecause________.

a.thenumberofPH.D.degreeholdersisdeclining

b.thenumberofscientistsandengineersisdecreasing

c.thenumberof22-year-ildsisdeclining

d.scientistsandengineersarenotemployed

2.Thefieldofscienceandengineeringisfacingacompetitionfrom________.

a.technology

b.foreignnationals

c.suchfieldsaslaw,medicineandbusiness

d.postgraduates

3.Large-scaleenterprisesnowneed_______.

a.brightgraduatesandpostgraduates

b.newinventions

c.advancedtechnology

d.engineers

4.ManypromisingpostgraduatesareunwillingtopursueaPH.D.degreebecause_________.

a.theyarenotencouragedtobeengagedinscience

b.industrydoesnotrequirePH.D.holders

c.theyhavefinancialdifficulties

d.theywillspendmuchtimeandenergycompletingPH.D.

5.PH.D.candidates"findtheattractionofindustryirresistible"meansthat_________.

a.theyfindindustryisattractingmoreandmorecollegestudents

b.theydon'tthinktheycanpreventthemselvesfromworkingforindustry

c.theycannotresistanyattractionfromallsides

d.theycannotworkforindustryanylonger

答案：bcadb

十五

Newdays,astandardformeasuringpowerhaschanged.Thesechangesforetellanewstandardformeasuringpower.Nolongerwillanation'spoliticalinfluencebebasedsolelyonthestrengthofitsmilitaryforces.Ofcourse,mili