2023年考研外语押题预测卷8

考研外语押题预测卷8

一、UseofEnglish

1、Everythingseemedtohavebecomeaweaponofwar.Ourenemieshad(1)_____themostfamiliarobjects(2)_____us,turnedshavingkitsintoholstersandairplanes(3)_____missilesandsoccercoachesandnewlywedsintoinvoluntarysuicidebombers.Soitwas(4)_____thePresidentandhisgeneralstoplottheresponse.

Thatisbecauseweare(5)_____oneenemybuttwo:oneunseen,theotherinside.Terroronthisscale(6)_____towreckthewayweliveourlivesmakeusflinchwhenasirensounds,(7)_____whenadoorslamsandthinktwicebeforedeciding(8)_____wereallyhavetotakeaplane.Ifwefalter,theywin,(9)_____theyneverplantanotherbomb.Soaftertheearlyhelplessness,whatcanIdo?I'vealreadygivenblood-peoplestartedtorealizethat(10)_____theycoulddowasexactly,aspreciselyaspossible,(11)_____theywouldhavedoneifallthis(12)_____.

Thatwasthespirit(13)_____inNewYorkandWashingtonandallacrossthecountry,faithandfearandresolveinatightbraid.Becausethekillerswhohateusdidthe(14)_____,nothingisunthinkablenow.AplumeofgrillsmokeventingfromaManhattansteakhouse(15)_____theevacuationofmidtownofficetowers.AfterthePentagon(16)_____,generalscalledtheirfamiliesandtoldthem(17)_____thewater,itcouldbepoisoned.Salesofgunsandgasmasksspiked.TheNationalFootballLeague(18)_____itsgamesforthefirsttimeever;bombscaresemptied90sitesonThursdayinNewYorkCity(19)_____.Peopleworesneakerswiththeirsuits(20)_____theyhadtoflyfastdownthestairs.

A.used

B.change

C.applied

D.turned

2、(2)

A.fight

B.struggle

C.against

D.opposite

3、(3)

A.to

B.out

C.into

D.with

4、(4)

A.from

B.for

C.by

D.upto

5、(5)

A.fightingnot

B.notfighting

C.nottofight

D.notfought

6、(6)

A.means

B.ismeant

C.meant

D.ismeaning

7、(7)

A.jump

B.jumping

C.jumped

D.tojump

8、(8)

A.if

B.whether

C.when

D.how

9、(9)

A.if

B.even

C.until

D.evenif

10、(10)

A.what

B.that

C.which

D.who

11、(11)

A.whenever

B.whoever

C.whatever

D.however

12、(12)

A.didnothappen

B.hadn'thappened

C.haven'thappened

D.wouldnothappened

13、(13)

A.build

B.built

C.building

D.hasbuilt

14、(14)

A.thoughtless

B.unthinkable

C.thought

D.thoughtful

15、(15)

A.leading

B.led

C.leadsto

D.leadingto

16、(16)

A.hit

B.washit

C.attacking

D.beingattacked

17、(17)

A.nottodrink

B.todrinknot

C.notdrink

D.drinknot

18、(18)

A.forbade

B.prohibited

C.canceled

D.cutdown

19、(19)

A.only

B.just

C.merely

D.alone

20、(20)

A.incase

B.when

C.solongas

D.ifonly

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

Generallyasavinginenergyconsumptionisinsufficientincentivefortheconsumertopurchasenewcookingequipmentunlessotherimprovements(e.g.shortercookingperiods,fewercleaningdifficultiesandimprovedappearance)areavailableaswell.Fortheindividual,thereisanaturalreticencetoincurrapidchangesbecauseofthevalideconomicdesiretoexploitexistingcapitalinvestmenttothemaximum:thisisthemajorproblemwithmanyproposedenergy-thriftmeasures.However,caterersshouldappreciatethatbyreducingenergywastages;theywillnotonlybesavingmoney,butalsoimprovingtheworkingenvironmentwithintheirkitchens.

Retro-fittingexistingcookerswithenergy-conservationimprovementsinordertoraiseachievableefficiencieswilloccuronlyrarely.Forthemostimmediatesignificantimpactnationally,withrespecttoreducingtheenergyexpendeduponcooking,bettermanagementisrecommended.Lawsonsuggestedthatabout16PJperyearcouldbesavedintheBritishcateringsectorbyadoptingimprovedoperationalpractices.Ifonly10%oftheenergyusedforcateringpurposesinthedomesticsectorcouldalsobesaved,overallnationalsavingswouldamounttoapproximately44PJperannum.Toachievethisaim,acomprehensiveandstraight-forwardprogramofenergy-thrifteducationforhousewives,cooksandkitchenmanagersisneeded.Thiswillrequireallconcernedtoexerciseconsiderablepersonaldiscipline.

Thepresentapproach,wherebyindividualsmakepurchasingdecisionsmainlyonvisualandfirst-costgrounds-partlybecausethecookingapplianceandfoodmanufacturingindustriesrarelyprovideadequatescientificdatatosupporttheirclaimsshouldbesupplementedbyotherconsiderations.Foodistoofundamentaltohumanlife,healthandhappinesstobeconsideredanunworthysubjectbyintellectuals.Forexample,eventhetypicalBriton(whotendstobecasualabouteatingcomparedwithmostofhisforeigncounterparts)spendsbetween5%and13%ofhiswakinghourspreparing,cookingand/orcleaningawayaftermeals.Nevertheless,energywastageprevailsbothonanationalscale(e.g.storingvastquantitiesoffoodatsub-ambienttemperaturesinso-calledfoodmountains);andonanindividualscale(e.g.performinghoboperationswithoutplacinglidsonthepansemployed).

Ifenergywastagesaretobereduced,cooks______.

A.canonlysavemoney

B.shouldincreasethecookingefficiency

C.needtohavetheknowledgeoffoodmanufacture

D.willenjoybetterworkingenvironmentintheirkitchens

2、

Whatdoes"reticence"inthefirstparagraphmean?

A.Inclination.

B.Restraint.

C.Expectation.

D.Contact.

3、

WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothetext?

A.Consumerstakeotherfactorsintoconsiderationwhenbuyingcookingequipments.

B.Retro-fittingexistingcookerstoraiseachievableefficiencieswilloccuronlyrarely.

C.Peoplehavevaliddesiretoexploitexistingcapitalinvestmenttothemaximum.

D.Consumersbuyanewcookingequipmentonlyforthepurposeofsavingenergy.

4、

Tosaveenergy,cooksandkitchenmanagersshouldreceive______.

A.cookingtechniqueeducation

B.energy-savingeducation

C.comprehensiveeducation

D.capitalinvestmenteducation

5、

Foodissofundamentaltohumanlifethat_______.

A.weshouldreduceenergywastages

B.manypeopletakeitforgranted

C.cookingequipmentisimportant

D.intellectualspaygreatattentiontoit

6、Centuriesago,mandiscoveredthatremovingmoisturefromfoodhelpstopreserveit,andthattheeasiestwaytodothisistoexposethefoodtosunandwind.InthiswaytheNorthAmericanIndiansproducepemmican,theScandinaviansmakestockfishandtheArabsdrydatesandapricotleather.

Allfoodscontainwater-cabbageandotherleafvegetablescontainasmuchas93%water,potatoesandotherrootvegetables80%,leanmeat75%andfishanythingfrom80%to60%dependingonhowfattyitis.Ifthiswaterisremoved,theactivityofthebacteriathatcausefoodtodeteriorateischecked.

Fruitissun-driedinAsiaMinor,Greece,SpainandotherMediterraneancountries,andalsoinCalifornia,SouthAfricaandAustralia.Themethodsusedvary,butingeneral,thefruitisspreadoutontraysindryingyardsinthehotsun.Inordertopreventdarkening,pears,peachesandapricotsareexposedtothefumesofburningsulfurbeforedrying.Plums,formakingprunes,andcertainvarietiesofgrapesformakingraisinsandcurrants,aredippedinanalkalinesolutioninordertocracktheskinsofthefruitslightlyandremovetheirwaxcoating,soincreasingtherateofdrying.

Nowadaysmostfoodsaredriedmechanically.Theconventionalmethodofsuchdehydrationistoputfoodinchambersthroughwhichhotairisblownattemperaturesofabout110℃atentrytoabout43℃atexit.Thisistheusualmethodfordryingsuchthingsasvegetables,mincedmeat,andfish.

Liquidssuchasmilk,coffee,tea,soupsandeggsmaybedriedbypouringthemoveraheatedhorizontalsteelcylinderorbysprayingthemintoachamberthroughwhichacurrentofhotairpasses.Inthefirstcase,thedriedmaterialisscrapedofftherollerasathinfilmwhichisthenbrokenupintosmall,thoughstillrelativelycoarseflakes;"inthesecondprocessitfallstothebottomofthechamberasafinepowder.Whererecognizablepiecesofmeatandvegetablesarerequired,asinsoup,theingredientsaredriedseparatelyandthenmixed.

Driedfoodstakeuplessroomandweighlessthanthesamefoodpackedincansorfrozen,andtheydonotneedtobestoredinspecialconditions.Forthesereasonstheyareinvaluabletoclimbers,explorersandsoldiersinbattle,whohavelittlestoragespace.Theyarealsopopularwithhousewivesbecauseittakessolittletimetocookthem.Usuallyitisjustacaseofreplacingthedried-outmoisturewithboilingwater.

Theshrimpscontainasmuchwateras______.

A.75%

B.93%

C.23%

D.85%

7、

Howisthefruitsun-driedinSouthAfrica?

A.Itismadeintoraisinsandcurrants.

B.Itisspreadoutinanalkalinesolution.

C.Itisexposedtothefumes,ofburningsulfur.

D.Itisputontraysindryplaceinthehotsun.

8、

Contemporarilythemincedmeatismostcommonlydried______.

A.inthesunandwind

B.inbet-airchamber

C.ontheopen-airtrays

D.overahotsteelcylinder

9、

Howisthepowderedmilkmadeaccordingtothepassage?

A.Bypassingthroughagrindingmachine.

B.Inthesamewayasvegetablesandfish.

C.Withthehelpofthesmallandcoarseflakes.

D.Throughpouringitoveraheatedhorizontalcylinder.

10、

Housewiveslikedriedfoodsbecause______.

A.theyarequicktoprepare

B.theyweighlessthanthesamecannedfoods

C.theyaremuchbetterthanthefrozenfoods

D.theycanbereplacedbymoisturewithboilingwater

11、Everyyear100millionholiday-makersaredrawntotheMediterranean.Withonethirdoftheworld'stouristtrade,itisthemostpopularofalltheholidaydestinations:itisalsothemostpolluted.

Ithasonly1percentoftheworld'sseasurface,butcarriesmorethanhalftheoilandtarfloatingonthewaters.ThousandsoffactoriespourtheirpoisonintotheMediterranean,andalmosteverycity,townandvillageonthecoastsluicesitssewage,untreated,intothesea.

TheresultisthattheMediterranean,whichnurturedsomanycivilizations,isgravelyill-thefirstoftheseastofallvictimtotheabilitiesandattitudesthatevolvedaroundit.Andthepopulationdoesnotmerelystiflethelifeofthesea-itthreatensthepeoplewhoinhabitandvisititsshores.

Typhoid,paratyphoid,dysentery,polio,viralhepatitisandfoodpoisoningareendemicinthearea,andthereareperiodicoutbreaksofcholera.

Themournfullitanyofdiseaseiscausedbysewage.Eight-fivepercentofthewastefromtheMediterranean's120coastalcitiesispushedoutintothewaterswheretheirpeopleandvisitorsbatheandfish.Whatismore,mostcitiesjustdropitinstraightoffthebeach;rareindeedaretheplaceslikeCannesandTelAvivwhichpipeitevenhalfamileoffshore.

Lessthan100,000ofGreece'sfourmillioncoastalpeoplehavetheirsewageproperlytreated-andGreece,isoneofthecleanercountriesofthenorthernshore.

TheworstpartsoftheseaareIsraeli/LebanoncoastandbetweenBarcelonaandGenoa,whichflushesoutover200tonsofsewageeachyearforeverymileofitslength.

Notsurprisingly,vastareasoftheshallowsareawashwithbacteriaanditdoesn'ttakelongforthesetoreachpeople.ProfessorWilliamBrumfitoftheRoyalFreeHospitaloncecalculatedthatanyonewhogoesforaswimintheMediterraneanhasaoneinsevenchanceofgettingsomesortofdisease.Otherscientistssaythisisanoverestimate;butalmostallofthemagreethatbathersareatrisk.

Anevengreaterdangerlurksintheseductiveseafooddishesthataddsomuchinteresttoholidaymenu.Shellfishareprimecarriersofmanyofthemostviciousdiseasesofthearea.Theyoftengrowamidpollution.Andeveniftheydon'ttheyarefrequentlyinfectedbythepopularpracticeof"fresheningthemup"throwingfilthywaterovertheminmarkets.

Industryaddsitsownpoisons.Factoriesclusterroundthecoastline,andeventhemostmodernrarelyhasproperwaste-treatmentplant.Theydoasmuchdamagetotheseaassewage.FifteenthousandfactoriesfoultheItalianLihurianRiviera.SixtythousandpollutetheTyrrhenianSeabetweenSardinia,SicilyandthewestItaliancoast!ThelagoonofVenicealonereceivestheeffluentsof76factories.

Thousandsoftonsofpesticidesareblownoffthefieldsintothesea,detergentsfrommillionsofsinkskillfish,andfertilizers,flushedouttosea,nourishexplosionsofplanktonwhichcoverbatherswithitchyslime.

Thenthereistheoil—130,000tonspouringeachyearfromships,115,000tonsmorefromindustriesroundtheshore.RecentstudiesshowthattheMediterraneanisfourtimesaspollutedasthenorthAtlantic,20timesasbadasthenorth-eastPacific.

Apartfromthenine-mile-wideStraitofGibraltar,theMediterraneanislandlocked,virtuallyunabletocleanseitself.Ittakes80yearsforthewatertoberenewed,throughthenarrow,shallowstraits,fartooslowaprocesstocopewiththeremorselessrushofpollution.

Accordingtothepassage,theMediterranean______.

A.accountsforone-thirdoftheworld'stouristpopulation

B.isthemostpollutedareaonearth

C.hasonly1percentoftheworld'ssurface

D.isthemostpollutedseaintheworld

12、

Whatadviceisgiventotouristsaccordingtothetext?

A.Shellfishareprimedishesfortourists.

B.ItisveryriskytogoforaswimintheMediterranean.

C.Theseafooddishesareveryappetizingtotake.

D.Itisverydangeroustoeatshellfish.

13、

Judgingfromthecontext,theword"lurk"(Line1,Para.9)probablymeans______.

A.toexistunseen

B.towaitquietly

C.toattractgreatly

D.tomoveirregularly

14、

Accordingtothepassage,allthefollowingmaycausedamagetotheseaEXCEPT

A.sewage

B.pesticides

C.detergentsandfertilizers

D.planktonwhichcoverbatherswithitchyslime

15、

ItmaybeinferredthattheMediterraneanis______.

A.landlockedbythenine-mile-wideStraitofGibraltar

B.fourtimesaspollutedbyoilasthenorthAtlantic

C.avictimoftourism,sewageandindustry

D.theworstpollutedareaintheworld

16、Itishardtogetanyagreementontheprecisemeaningoftheterm"socialclass"Ineverydaylife,peopletendtohaveadifferentapproachtothosetheyconsidertheirequalsfromthatwhichtheyassumewithpeopletheyconsiderhigherorlowerthanthemselvesinthesocialscale.Thecriteriaweusetoplaceanewacquaintance,however,areacomplexmixtureoffactors.Dress,wayofspeaking,areaofresidenceinagivencityorprovince,educationandmannersallplayapart.

Intheeighteenth-centuryoneofthefirstmoderneconomists,AdamSmith,thoughtthatthe"wholeannualproduceofthelandandlaborofeverycountryprovidedrevenueto"threedifferentordersofpeople:Thosewholivebyrent,thosewholivebywages,thosewholivebyprofit".Eachsuccessivestageoftheindustrialrevolution,however,madethesocialstructuremorecomplicated.

Manyintermediategroupsgrewupduringthenineteenth-centurybetweentheuppermiddleclassandtheworkingclass.Thereweresmall-scaleindustrialistsaswellaslargeones,smallshopkeepersandtradesmen,officialsandsalariedemployees,skilledandunskilledworkers,andprofessionalmensuchasdoctorsandteachers.Farmersandpeasantscontinuedinallcountriesasindependentgroups.

Duringthenineteenthandearlytwentiethcenturiesthepossessionofwealthinevitablyaffectedaperson'ssocialposition.Intelligentindustrialistswithinitiativemadefortunesbytheirwitswhichliftedthemintoaneconomicgroupfarhigherthantheirworking-classparents.Buttheylackedthesocialtrainingoftheupperclass,whodespisedthemasthe"newrich".

Theyoftensenttheirsonsanddaughterstospecialschoolstoacquiresocialtraining.Heretheirchildrenmixedwiththechildrenoftheupperclasseswereacceptedbythem,andveryoftenfoundmarriagepartnersfromamongthem.Inthesameway,athrifty,hardworkinglabourer,thoughnotcleverenoughhimself,mightsaveforhissonenoughtopayforanextendedsecondaryschooleducationinthehopethathewouldmoveintoawhite-collar'soccupation,carryingwithitahighersalaryandmoveupinthesocialscale.

Inthetwentiethcenturytheincreasedtaxationofhigherincomes,thegrowthofthesocialservices,andthewiderdevelopmentofeducationalopportunityhaveconsiderablyalteredthesocialoutlook.Theupperclassesnolongerarethesole,oreventhemainpossessorsofwealth,powerandeducation,thoughinheritedsocialpositionstillcarriesconsiderableprestige.

Manypeopletodayarehostiletowardsclassdistinctionsandprivilegesandhopetoachieveaclasslesssociety.Thetroubleisthatasoneinequalityisremoved,anothertendstotakeitsplace,andthebestthathasasfarbeenattemptedisasocietyinwhichdistinctionsareelasticandinwhicheverymemberhasfairopportunitiesformakingthebestofhisabilities.

Howdoweplacepeopleinsocietyinrelationtoourselves,accordingtothetext?

A.Mainlybytheirwayofspeaking.

B.Accordingtotheplacewheretheywereborn.

C.Byregardingtheminferiortoourselves.

D.Accordingtoacomplexmixtureoffactors.

17、

AdamSmith'ssocialmake-upwasinvalidatedby______.

A.thegrowing-upofuppermiddleclass

B.thesuccessivestagesoftheindustrialrevolution

C.theinfluenceoftheworkingclass

D.theinheritanceofsocialpositions

18、

Whichclassdosmallshopkeepersandtradesmenbelongto?

A.Workingclass.

B.Middleclass.

C.Upperclass.

D.Uppermiddleclass.

19、

WhichofthefollowingstatementsdoesNOTtrulydescribethenewrich?

A.Theysenttheirchildrentospecialschoolstoreceiveeducation.

B.Theywerelackofsocialtrainingofthearistocracy.

C.Theywereoftenmenofinitiativeandintelligence.

D.Theydidnotallowtheirchildrentomarrytheupperclass.

20、

Whathappenedtotheclassdifferencesinthetwentiethcentury?

A.Theyhavebeenpartlysmoothedout.

B.Theyincreasedtaxationofhigherincomes.

C.Theyhavemadethesocialservicesgrow.

D.Theywidelyenhancedtheeducationdevelopment.

21、PartB(10points)

Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA-G.Someoftheparagraphshavebeenplacedforyou.(10points)

A.Globalization,comprehensivetermfortheemergenceofaglobalsocietyinwhicheconomic,political,environmental,andculturaleventsinonepartoftheworldquicklycometohavesignificanceforpeopleinotherpartsoftheworld.Globalizationistheresultofadvancesincommunication,transportation,andinformationtechnologies.Itdescribesthegrowingeconomic,political,technological,andculturallinkagesthatconnectindividuals,communities,businesses,andgovernmentsaroundtheworld.Globalizationalsoinvolvesthegrowthofmultinationalcorporationsandtransnationalcorporations.Theinternationalinstitutionsthatoverseeworldtradeandfinanceplayanincreasinglyimportantr01einthiseraofglobalization.

B.Mostexpertsattributeglobalizationtoimprovementsincommunication,transportation,andinformationtechnologies.Forexample,notonlycurrencies,butalsostocks,bonds,andotherfinancialassetscanbetradedaroundtheclockandaroundtheworldduetoinnovationsincommunicationandinformationprocessing.Athree-minutetelephonecallfromNewYorkCitytoLondonin1930costmorethan$300(inyear2000prices),makinginstantcommunicationveryexpensive.Todaythecostisinsignificant.

C.Themostdramaticevidenceofglobalizationistheincreaseintradeandthemovementofcapital(stocks,bonds,currencies,andotherinvestments).From1950to2022thevolumeofworldexportsroseby20times.By2022worldtradeamountedtoaquarterofallthegoodsandservicesproducedintheworld.Asforcapital,intheearly1970sonly$10billionto$20billioninnationalcurrencieswereexchangeddaily.Bytheearlypartofthe21stcenturymorethan$1.5trillionworthofyen,euros,dollars,andothercurrenciesweretradeddailytosupporttheexpandedlevelsoftradeandinvestment.Largevolumesofcurrencytradeswerealsomadeasinvestorsspeculatedonwhetherthevalueofparticularcurrenciesmightgoupordown.

D.Althoughmostpeoplecontinuetoliveascitizensofasinglenation,theyareculturally,materially,andpsychologicallyengagedwiththelivesofpeopleinothercountriesasneverbefore.Distanteventsoftenhaveanimmediateandsignificantimpact,blurringtheboundariesofourpersonalworlds.Itemscommontooureverydaylives—suchastheclotheswewear,thefoodweeat,andthecarswedrive—aretheproductsofglobalization.

E.Advancesincommunicationandinformationtechnologieshavehelpedslashthecostofprocessingbusinessordersbywellover90percent.UsingacomputertodobankingontheInternet,forexample,coststhebankingindustrypenniespertransactioninsteadofdollarsbytraditionalmethods.Overthelastthirdofthe20thcenturytherealcostofcomputerprocessingpowerfellby35percentonaverageeachyear.

F.Globalizationhasbothnegativeandpositiveaspects.Amongthenegativeaspectsaretherapidspreadofdiseases,illicitdrugs,crime,terrorism,anduncontrolledmigration.Amongglobalization'sbenefitsareasharingofbasicknowledge,technology,investments,resources,andethicalvalues.

G.Vastamountsofinformationcanbeprocessed,shared,andstoredonadiskoracomputerchip,andthecostiscontinuallydeclining.Peoplecanbealmostanywhereandremainininstantcommunicationwiththeiremployers,customers,orfamilies24hoursaday,7daysaweek,or24/7asithascometobeknown.WhenpeopleintheUnitedStatescallahelplineormakeanairlinereservation,theymaybeconnectedtosomeoneinMumbai,India,whohasbeentrainedtospeakEnglishwithanAmericanaccent.OtherEnglishspeakersar

22、(42)

23、(43)

24、(44)

25、(45)

26、PartC

Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.(10points)

Weallknowthatscienceplaysanimportantroleinthesocietiesinwhichwelive.Manypeoplebelieve,however,thatourprogressdependsontwoaspectsofscience.Thefirstofwhichisthemachines,productsandsystemsofappliedknowledgethatscientistsandtechnologistsdevelop.Throughtechnology,scienceimprovesthatstructureofsocietyandhelpsmantogainincreasingcontroloverhisenvironment.(46)Thesecondaspectistheapplicationbyallmembersofsocietyfromthegovernmentof