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第第页初级翻译资格考试试题
MiltonFriedman,FreeMarketsTheorist,Diesat94.
MiltonFriedman,thegrandmasteroffree-marketeconomictheoryinthepostwareraandaprimeforceinthemovementofnationstowardlessgovernmentandgreaterrelianceonindividualresponsibility,diedtodayinSanFrancisco,wherehelived.Hewas94.
ConservativeandliberalcolleaguesalikeviewedMr.Friedman,aNobelprizelaureate,asoneofthe20thcentury’sleadingeconomicscholars,onaparwithgiantslikeJohnMaynardKeynesandPaulSamuelson.
Flyingtheflagofeconomicconservatism,Mr.FriedmanledthepostwarchallengetothehallowedtheoriesofLordKeynes,theBritisheconomistwhomaintainedthatgovernmentshadadutytohelpcapitalisticeconomiesthroughperiodsofrecessionandtopreventboomtimesfrome*plodingintohighinflation.
InProfessorFriedman’sview,governmenthadtheoppositeobligation:tokeepitshandsofftheeconomy,toletthefreemarketdoitswork.
TheonlyeconomicleverthatMr.Friedmanwouldallowgovernmenttousewastheonethatcontrolledthesupplyofmoney—amonetaristviewthathadgoneoutoffavorwhenheembraceditinthe1950s.Hewentontorecordasignalachievement,predictingtheunprecedentedcombinationofrisingunemploymentandrisinginflationthatcametobecalledstagflation.HisworkearnedhimtheNobelMemorialPrizeinEconomicSciencein1976.
Rarely,hiscolleaguessaid,didanyonehavesuchimpactonbothhisownprofessionandongovernment.Thoughheneverservedofficiallyinthehallsofpower,hewasalwaysaroundthem,asanadviserandtheorist.
“Amongeconomicscholars,MiltonFriedmanhadnopeer,”BenS.Bernanke,theFederalReservechairman,saidtoday.“Thedirectandindirectinfluencesofhisthinkingoncontemporarymonetaryeconomicswouldbedifficulttooverstate.”
AlanGreenspan,theformerFederalReservechairman,saidofMr.FriedmaninaninterviewonTuesday.“Fromalonger-termpointofview,it’shisacademicachievementswhichwillhavelastingimport.ButIwouldnotdismisstheprofoundimpacthehasalreadyhadontheAmericanpublic’sview.”
Mr.Friedmanhadagiftforcommunicatingcomplicatedideasinsimpleandlucidways,anditservedhimwellastheauthororco-authorofmorethanadozenbooks,asacolumnistforNewsweekfrom1966to1983andevenasthestarofapublictelevisionseries.
【英译汉】
试题
Panamagoestopollsonupgradeforcanal
PANAMACITY:Votersweree*pectedSundaytoapprovethelargestmodernizationprojectinthe92-yearhistoryofthePanamaCanal,a$5.25billionplantoe*pandthewaterwaytoallowforlargershipswhilealleviatingtrafficproblems.
ThegovernmentofPresidentMartínTorrijoshasbilledthereferendumashistoric,sayingtheworkwoulddoublethecapacityofacanalalreadyonpacetogenerateabout$1.4billioninrevenuethisyear.Criticsclaimthee*pansionwouldbenefitthecanalscustomersmorethanPanamanians,andworrythatcostscouldballoon,forcingthisdebt-riddencountrytoborrowevenmore.
TheprojectwouldbuildathirdsetoflocksonthePacificandAtlanticendsofthecanalby2022,allowingittohandlemoderncontainerships,cruiselinersandtankerstoolargeforitslocks,whichare33meters,or108feet,wide.
ThePanamaCanalAuthority,theautonomousgovernmentagencythatrunsthecanal,saystheprojectwouldbepaidforbyincreasingtollsandwouldgenerate$6billioninrevenueby2025.
ThereisnothingPanamaniansaremorepassionateaboutthanthecanal.
Itsincomparableinthehemisphere,saidSamuelLewisNavarro,thecountrysvicepresidentandforeignsecretary.Itsinourheart,partofoursoul.
Publicopinionpollsindicatethattheplanwouldbeapprovedoverwhelmingly.GreenandwhitesignsthroughoutthecountryreadYesforourchildren,whiletensofthousandsofbillboardsandbumperstickerstrumpetnewjobs.
Thecanalneedsyou,televisionandradioadsimplore.
Itwillmeanmoreboats,andthatmeansmorejobs,saidDamascoPolanco,whowasherdingcowsonhorsebackinNuevoProvedencia,onthebanksofLakeGatún,anartificialreservoirthatsupplieswatertothecanal.
Thecanalemploys8,000workersandthee*pansionise*pectedtogenerateasmanyas40,000newjobs.UnemploymentinPanamais9.5percent,and40percentofthecountrylivesinpoverty.
Butcriticsfearthatthee*pansioncouldcostnearlydoublethegovernmentsestimate,aswellasstokecorruptionanduncontrolleddebt.
Thepoorcontinuetosufferwhiletherichgetricher,saidJoséFeli*Castillo,62,ahighschoolteacherwhowasoneofabout3,000supporterswhotooktoPanamaCitysstreetstoprotestthemeasureonFriday.
LewisNav
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