广东省广州市荔城中学2023年-2023学年高二下期中英语测试卷

第16页增城区荔城中学2023年-2023学年第二学期期中考试笔试120分第二局部阅读理解〔共两节，总分值40分〕一阅读以下短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最正确选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。〔共15小题，每题2分，总分值30分〕ASlang(语) is one of those things that everybody can recognize and nobody can define(下定义〕Not only is it hard to wrap slang in a definition, it is also hard to distinguish (区别)it from such similar things as colloquialism (口语) , provincialism (方言) , jargon (行话) or trade talk (行业话).

Usually, slang tends to be transient. Thus parents are often laughed at by their children when this older generation uses slang which was considered to bethe height of fashion in their own youth.Of course, the slang teenage children use today is very different from that of their parents. Indeed it might ever be some obscure foreign language as far as the older generation is concerned for it is totally beyond their understanding.

It is often said that a slang term stops to be slang when it is "accepted bythe dictionary". This is not really the ease. You will find many slang terms listed in dictionaries are still slang terms. The term stops to be slang when it drives its respectable synonym (同义词)out of use, or when it gets a meaning that cannot be expressed otherwise.

Such things have happened. The term "hot dog" was once a slang term, but it couldn’t be considered so now. No one in America would go up to a counter and order "a sausage sandwich". Similarly "vanity", originally a slang contraction (缩写) of university, has acquired a special meaning which only it expresses and is no longer slang. Jazz, when it means a particular kind of music, is scarcely a slang form, since there is no more respectable word meaning that kind of music.

(1)Which would be the best title for this passage?

A. Slang                     B. Slang terms and their meaningsC. How to understand slang terms  D. Slang terms and other forms of language

(2)Parents are often laughed at by their children when _____.

A. they want to be at the height of the fashion   B. they use out-of-date slang

C. they try to learn from their children          D. they want to follow the fashion

(3) The last paragraph is intended to show_______.

A. when a slang word is no longer slang       B. when a slang word disappears

C. how slang words are used                  D. how to understand slang words

1，A; (,2)B; (3)A; 1，A 主旨归纳题。本文介绍的是"俚语"及其形成、变化等各方面的情况。

(2)B细节理解题。文章第2段说明俚语变化很快，所以当父母讲自己年轻时流行的俚语时会遭到孩子的嘲笑，因为这些俚语现在已经不流行了。

(3)A主旨归纳题。文章第3段讲的是什么时候"俚语"不再是俚语，第4段举例来说明这一问题。

B There is a very instructive incident involving the life of Alexander, the great Greek king. Alexander, after conquering many kingdoms, was returning home. On the way, he fell ill and it took him tohis death bed. With death staring him in his face, Alexander realized how his conquests, his great army, his sharp sword and all his wealth were of no consequence. So, he lay helplessly waiting to breathe his last. He called his generals and said, "I will depart from this world soon, I have three wishes, please carry them out without fail."

 "My first desire is that," said Alexander, "My physicians alone must carry my coffin." After a pause, he continued, "Secondly, I desire that when my coffin is being carried to the grave, the path leading to the graveyard be strewn〔撒满〕with gold, silver and precious stones which I have collected." The king continued， "My third and last wish is that both my hands be kept hanging out of my coffin.〞 Alexander’s favorite general kissed his hand and pressed them to his heart. "Oh King, we assure you that your wishes will all be fulfilled. But tell us why do you make such strange wishes?"

 At this Alexander took a deep breath and said, “I would like the world to know of the three lessons I have just learnt. I want my physicians to carry my coffin because people should realize that no doctor can really cure any bodies. They are powerless and cannot save a person from the clutches of death. So let people not take life for granted.

 The second wish of strewing gold, silver and other riches on the way to the graveyard is to tell people that not even a bit of gold will come with me. I spent all my life earning riches but cannot take anything with me. Let people realize that it is just a waste of time to chase wealth.

 And about my third wish of having my hands hanging out of the coffin, I wish people to know that I came empty-handed into this world and empty-handed I go out of this world.〞 With these words, the king closed his eyes. Soon he let death conquer him and breathed his last.

(4) The first paragraph suggests that Alexander _________.

A. was conquering many kingdoms.

B. realized that what he got in his life was nothing to him at all.

C. wanted to leave as he came empty-handed.

D. regarded his conquests, his great army, his sharp sword and all his wealth as the most important things.

(5) The underlined word “clutches〞 in paragraph 3 means “_______〞.

A. sentence     B. attention  C. control     D. shadow

(6) The author intends to ________.

A. tell us the story of Alexander

B. introduce readers to the instructive lessons of Alexander

C. stress the powers of Alexander the Great

D. persuade people to realize what Alexander said

(7) What would be the best title for the passage?

A. The Death of Alexander.

B. The Greed of Alexander

C. Three Wishes of Alexander

D. The Life of Alexander〔4〕B; (5) C; (6) D; (7) C〔4〕， B 推理判断题。根据文章的第一段的he fell ill and it took him to his death bed. With death staring him in his face, Alexander realized how his conquests, his great army, his sharp sword and all his wealth were of no consequence.可以推断出答案。

(5) C 词义猜想题，只有C项的意思“控制〞符合文意。

(6) D 主旨大意题。结合文章的关键词就可得知答案。

(7) C 主旨大意题。整篇文章都是在讲述wishes，所以答案为C。

CIn its early history, Chicago had floods frequently, especially in the spring, making the streets so muddy that people, horses, and carts got stuck. An old joke that was popular at the time went something like this: A man is stuck up to his waist in a muddy Chicago street. Asked if he needs help, he replies, "No, thanks. I’ve got a good horse under me." 

The city planner decided to build an underground drainage (排水) system, but there simply wasn’t enough difference between the height of the ground level and the water level. The only two options were to lower the Chicago River or raise the city.

An engineer named Ellis Chesbrough convinced me the city that it had no choice but to build the pipes above ground and then cover them with dirt. This raised the level of the city’s streets by as much as 12 feet.

This of course created a new problem: dirt practically buried the first floors of every building in Chicago. Building owners were faced with a choice: either change the first floors of their buildings into basements, and the second stories into main floors, or hoist the entire buildings to meet the new street level. Small wood-frame buildings could be lifted fairly easily. But what about large, heavy structures like Tremont Hotel, which was a six-story brick building?

That’s where George Pullman came in. He had developed some house-moving skills successfully. To lift a big structure like the Tremont Hotel, Pullman would place thousands of jackscrews (螺旋千斤顶) beneath the building’s foundation. One man was assigned to operate each section of roughly 10 jackscrews. At Pullman’s signal each man turned his jackscrew the same amount at the same time, thereby raising the building slowly and evenly. Astonishingly, the Tremont Hotel stay open during the entire operation, and many of its guests didn’t even notice anything was happening. 

Some people like to say that every problem has a solution. But in Chicago’s early history, every engineering solution seemed to create a new problem. Now that Chicago’s waste water was draining efficiently into the Chicago River, the city’s next step was to clean the polluted river.

(8) The author mentions the joke to show ___________.

A. horses were fairly useful in Chicago

B. Chicago’s streets were extremely muddy

C. Chicago was very dangerous in the spring

D. the Chicago people were particularly humorous

(9) The underlined word "hoist" in Paragraph 4 means "___________".

A. change       B. lift            C. repair         D. decorate

(10) What can we conclude about the moving operation of the Tremont Hotel?

A. It went on smoothly as intended.

B. It interrupted the business of the hotel.

C. It involved Pullman turning ten jackscrews.

D. It separated the building from its foundation.

(11) The passage is mainly about the early Chicago’s ___________.

A. popular life styles and their influences

B. environmental disasters and their causes

C. engineering problems and their solutions

D. successful businessmen and their achievements〔8〕B; (9) B; (10) A; (11) C(8) B细节推理题。根据文章的第一段第一句话：In early history, Chicago had floors frequently, especially in the spring, making the streets so muddy that people, horses, and carts got stuck.可知芝加哥因为洪水的经常泛滥导致大街上总是泥泞不堪，行人，马和车全部都堵在路上。所以作者提及那个玩笑是为了突出芝加哥这一特点，应选B

(9) B推理判断题。根据下文提到的 “Small wood-frame buildings could be lifted fairly easily.〞，可得知“hoist〞和本句的“lifted〞是一一对应的，应选B。

(10) A细节推理题。根据第五段Astonishingly, the Tremont Hotel stay open during the entire operation, and many of its guests didn’t even notice anything was happening. 可以得知，最后是成功的，应选A。

(11) C主旨大意题。根据全文可知，第一段就提出芝加哥城所存在的问题，接下来的段落讨论了解决这个问题的一些方法，最后一段讲到这些方法虽然解决当前的问题，但是随之而来的又会冒出一些新的问题有待解决。故文章大致上讲述的是建造的问题与解决方法，应选C。DOne morning, I stepped out of bed and put my feet on the floor. Suddenly, a mean little man jumped out from under the bed and stabbed (刺，扎) an ice pick (碎冰锥) through my left foot.

 Figuratively (比喻地) speaking, yes.

 I took another step and he stabbed it again. This went on all day. Step, stab, scream. 

 Over the next few days, I started limping. My whole body hurt. Even my hair. 

 I kept thinking that the little man would get tired of stabbing me and go pick on somebody else. 

 We often take things for granted until we lose them or they start to hurt.My brother deals with pain every day. He s also blind and suffers from cerebral pals needs a walker to walk, doesn’t take much for granted. I had to wonder: What would he think about my foot?

 Finally, after a week of pain, I went to see a very nice foot doctor. The doctor studied my foot, took X-rays, shook his head, and said the little man s name: Arthur Itis, or Arthritis (关节炎).

 I knew it well. I d often heard it hissed angrily by my grandparents and parents, all attacked by Arthur s ice pick when they got older.

 “Wait,〞 I said. “Doesn’t Arthur usually just pick on old people?〞

 The doctor smiled, looking at my chart. “How old are you?〞

 I gave him a look. “Never mind,〞 I said. “Can you fix it?〞

 “Well,〞 he said, “we can try.〞

 He listed several options and I chose the injection (打针). It didn’t hurt much. Not half as much as the ice pick.

 That was yesterday. This morning, I awoke, took a few careful steps and …hallelujah! 

 It hurt just a bit, but no ice pick. I looked under the bed. No sign of Arthur. Maybe he was hiding in the closet, waiting for another day. 

 But for now, he was gone, and I was grateful. 

 My mind began to race with plans to do all the things I had been putting off for days: unpack, clean the house, wash my hair …

 Then it hit me. Another stab. Not in my foot. In my heart. I remembered that I hadn’t called my brother in a long time.

 It is easy to take some things for granted. But it should never be the people we love.

(12) Why didn’t the author go to see the doctor for the first week?

A. Because she thought it was too cold to step out of her room. 

B. Because she believed that she could endure the pain like her brother did. 

C. Because she was afraid that her brother would laugh at her. 

D. Because she expected that the pain would gradually disappear.

(13) Who had a disease that was different from the other people mentioned?

A. The author    B. The author’s brother

C. The author’s parents   D. The author’s grandparents

(14) After having the injection, the author s _______.

A. felt regretful because it hurt so much

B. was first satisfied with her recovery

C. felt better but could still feel the “ice pick〞 pain

D. was busy with housework that had been delayed for days

(15) From her experience of arthritis, the author learned that _______.

A. we should be grateful to people who help us relieve pain.

B. a stabbing pain in the heart is as painful as one in the foot

C. we should always remember to show our love to those we love

D. we should never take for granted the pain we experience in life(12,) D; (13) B; (14) B; (15) C(12), D细节理解题 定位到文章的第五段，I kept thinking that the little man would get tired of stabbing me and go pick on somebody else. 作者认为疼痛感应该会自动消失。

〔13〕B细节理解题 可以定位到第七段，他的哥哥眼睛看不见而且脑瘫，走路需要拐杖。

〔14〕 B细节理解题 定位到14,15段He listed several options and I chose the injection (打针). It didn t hurt much. Not half as much as the ice pick. That was yesterday. This morning, I awoke, took a few careful steps and …hallelujah! 可以看出作者对治疗是非常满意的

〔15〕C主旨大意题 尤其可以看到文章中的最后一段,，It’s easy to take some things for granted. But it should never be the people we love. 我们不应该把我们爱的人当做理所当然，我们应该对别人展示我们的爱。第二节根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

John Harrison has been a taste tester for the past 21 years. ______(16)_____ As a kid, he’d wanted to be a fire fighter or a police officer.

________(17)_____ Four generations of Harrisons have been in the business, including his great-grandfather, who owned two ice-cream shops in New York City in the 1880s, his father, who owned a dairy-ingredients (乳品原料) factory in Georgia, and his uncle, who owned an ice-cream factory in Tennessee. At his uncle’s factory, he “tasted and ate〞 his way through high school and college as he learned how to make ice cream.

Every morning Harrison tastes 60 ice-cream samples (样品). At the beginning, he takes the containers of ice cream out of a big storage freezer. _______(18)_______The temperature in the storage freezer is -20 degrees Fahrenheit (华氏温度). Most people eat ice cream at between 0 and 5 degrees. 

While the ice cream warms up, Harrison looks over the samples and grades each one on its appearance. _______(19)______ He checks to see if the ice cream is attractive. If there are added goodies in the ice cream, such as fruit, chocolate chips or nuts, he makes sure that they are evenly (均匀地) spread throughout and that the sample doesn’t have too much or too little of the added ingredients.

_________(20)______ With his gold-plated spoon, which he uses to avoid the aftertaste plastic or wood can give, Harrison removes the top of the sample. Then he turns the spoon upside down and puts the spoonful onto his tongue slowly. 

A. Next, it’s time to taste!

B. Harrison has a degree in chemistry.

C. Actually, ice cream runs in Harrison’s family.

D. “Tasting begins with the eyes,〞 Harrison explains.

E. Then he lets the ice cream warm up to about 12 degrees.

F. Harrison hadn’t always wanted to be in the ice-cream business.

G. “I’ve developed a way of tasting called the Three S’s,〞 Harrison says.(16)F; (17)C; (18)E; (19)D; (20)A;(16)选F。从横线后的句子Harrison小的时候曾经希望成为一名火警或警员，说

他当时并不是想要从事冰淇淋行业的。

(17)选C。从后句Four generation可知Harrison出生于一个冰淇淋世家。

(18)选E。此空需要结合空格前后的内容来得出答案。前句讲的是他从冰柜里取出冰淇淋

后句讲的是冰淇淋在冰柜中的储存温度是-20华氏温度，但是人们吃冰淇淋的温度是0~5

氏温度，说明冰淇淋从冰柜取出后是需要让温度升高的。

(19)选D。从文段关键词looks ,appearance, attractive等可以匹配到D。

(20)选A。从spoon可知是要尝冰淇淋了。第三局部语言知识运用〔共两节，总分值45分〕第一节阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项〔A、B、C和D〕中，选出可以填入空白处的最正确选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

“We expected our first child to be perfect.〞 Most parents have thought so.

I know that’s what I    (21) of our oldest son, Joe. He would be perfect. Joe would sail through    (22) from learning ABCs to being awarded a Ph.D

Joe,    (23) , had other ideas.

He was always a    (24) kid. He wasn’t the kind of boy who threw    (25) at passing cars on a freezing winter day or who dropped water balloons on the mailman during the heat of August.

But he wasn’t perfect, especially when it came to that nice little    (26) that I had about Joe’s sailing through school. From the day Joe started kindergarten he struggled —with scissors and handwriting and math. Always math. He passed each grade with great    (27) , never at the top of his class.

How I    (28) friends who had children with the “math gene〞. A mom told me her daughter was doing high school algebra(代数) while in the sixth grade. Another mom said her son had just taken first   (29) in the district’s annual Math Challenge.

After hearing these stories, I would look at Joe and    (30) : Why didn’t we raise a mathematical talent? How is he ever going to get into    (31) if he does not get better at math? Needless to say, my motherly    (32) never really amounted too much. Does it ever? Moms tend to worry and worry, while whatever they’re worrying about usually    (33) on its own.

During high school, Joe slowly    (34) at math. He got through algebra I & II, and geometry(几何), our state requirements for math. I felt greatly    (35) at his little achievement. Then he announced that he’d take pre-calculus (微积分) in his last year of high school, which    (36) me a lot.

“Why?〞 I questioned.

“Because I need to keep my skills up〞, he explained. “I    (37) math, but I need to take it.〞

“For college,〞 he added. “I want to do really well in college, Mom. I know it will be    (38) but I think it’s important that I try my best.〞

My oldest son wasn’t perfect. He wasn’t a math talent, either. But he knew what was important: he was focusing on his    (39) while I was worrying over his past. And that, to me, is even better than being    (40) .

(21)A.worked      B.continued   C.expected   D.showed

(22)A.books       B.school     C.experience   D.situations

(23)A.therefore     B.however   C.fortunately   D.obviously

(24)A.careful      B.proud      C.happy       D.good

(25)A.snowballs    B.clothes     C.flowers      D.toys

(26)A.belief       B.interest    C.fantasy      D.enthusiasm

(27)A.attention     B.effort     C.pleasure     D.ambition

(28)A.envied      B.supported   C.trusted     D.respected

(29)A.lesson      B.test         C.place     D.sight

(30)A.consider     B.imagine    C.wish       D.wonder

(31)A.college      B.life        C.society     D.job

(32)A.love        B.doubt       C.guidance   D.worry

(33)A.disappears   B.comes      C.declines   D.pauses

(34)A.developed   B.advanced   C.improved   D.achieved

(35)A.hopeful     B.relieved   C.grateful     D.amused

(36)A.surprised    B.inspired   C.satisfied    D.moved

(37)A.fail         B.prefer   C.hate         D.choose

(38)A.boring     B.hard      C.necessary   D.beneficial

(39)A.career     B.major     C.world       D.future

(40)A.important  B.perfect   C.successful   D.confident(21)C; (22)B; (23)B; (24)D; (25)A; C; (27)B; (28)A; (29)C; (30)D; A; (32)D; (33)A; (34)C; (35)B; (36)A; (37)C; (38)B; (39)D; (40)B〔21〕考查动词。根据第一段中的“We expected our first child to be perfect.〞，可判断出此处应用expected。

(22)考查名词。根据下文“from learning ABCs to being awarded a Ph.D.〞和第五段中的“I had about Joe’s sailing through school.〞可知，此处讲的是Joe学业上的事情，故B项符合语境。

(23)考查副词。根据第二段中作者对儿子的期望和后面的“had other ideas〞，可判断出此处是表达转折关系，故B项符合语境。

(24)考查形容词。根据下文中的“He wasn’t the kind of boy who threw ______  at passing cars on a freezing winter day or who dropped water balloons on the mailman…〞，可判断出作者的儿子表现不错，故D项符合语境。

(25)考查名词。根据后面的“on a freezing winter day〞，可推断出作者的儿子扔的是雪球。

(26)考查名词。根据第二段“I know that’s what I expect of our oldest son, Joe. He would be perfect. Joe would sail through school …〞可知，这是作者的想象，故fantasy符合语境。

(27)考查名词。根据逻辑关系，过年级考试是需要努力的，故effort符合语境。

(28)考查动词。根据下文“friends who had children with the ’math gene’〞 ，再结合上文提到自己儿子数学不好，可判断出作者羡慕那些朋友。

(29)考查名词。根据后面的“Math Challenge〞可知，此处说的是考试的情况，take first place为固定短语，意为“得第一名〞，符合语境。

(30)考查动词。根据下文连续提出的几个问题，可知wonder“自问，自讨〞符合语境。

(31)考查名词。根据逻辑关系，数学不好，会影响到考试成绩，而考试成绩不好，会直接影响到考大学，故college符合语境。

(32)考查名词。根据上文提出的问题以及下文反复提到“worry〞可知，这是作者的担忧。

(33)考查动词。句意：妈妈们经常担忧，但是不管她们担忧的是什么，它们通常都会自己消失。故disappear符合语境。

(34)考查动词。根据下文的“He got through algebra I & II, and geometry〞和“his little achievement〞可判断出，Joe的数学取得了进步。故improve符合语境。

(35)考查形容词。上文提到作者对儿子数学不好的担忧，而现在儿子数学成绩有所改善，根据逻辑关系可知，作者会感到relieved“宽慰的，如释重负〞。

(36)考查动词。作者儿子的数学不是很好，而现在他宣布要学微积分，所以大大出乎了作者的意料。

(37)考查名词。根据下文“but I need to take it〞可知，作者的儿子Joe并不喜欢数学。

(38)考查形容词。因为Joe的数学成绩不是太好，所以要考大学的话会有一定的困难，故B项符合语境。

(39)考查名词。根据上文提到的Joe为了将来能上大学而努力学习数学，可知他专注于他的将来；也可根据下文的“while I was worrying over his past〞判断出。

(40)考查形容词。与文章开头形成照应。作者一直期望儿子完美，但是儿子并不完美。然而儿子知道要专注于对自己重要的事情。句意：对于我来讲，那甚至要比成为完美更好。阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为41~50的相应位置上。

Edison was one of the greatest scientists that greatly shaped modem society.

When he was seven, Edison’s family moved from Ohio to Michigan after his father got a job there. Because of hearing problems, he had difficulty   (41)   (follow) the lessons and often ran away from school. However, he used the time   (42)   (read) books and set up a laboratory in his home. But the smell from his laboratory was often so strong   (43)   his mother had to stop him from carrying out any more experiments at home.   

At the age of twelve, Edison got a job on the Grand Trunk Railway. There, he made use of an abandoned (被抛弃的) car   (44)    his laboratory. During that time, he   (45)   (success) developed a device (设备) that could send messages. By 1869, Edison’ s inventions in telegraphy were widely accepted,   (46)   made him decide to leave the job and become a full-time   (47)    (invent). Edison’s most’ "well-known" inventions included the electric light bulb, microphones and so on. In explaining    (48)    he could come up with so many inventions, Edison said "Genius is one per cent inspiration and ninety-nine per cent perspiration."

Edison   (49)   (die) at the age of 84 on October 18, 1931. At the time of his death, he was still doing experiments in his laboratory in West Orange, New Jersey. He clearly enjoyed his work and lived life to   (50)  fullest.41 following; (42) to read; (43) that; (44) as; (45) successfully; (46) which; (47) inventor; (48) how; (49) died; (50) the41 following  考查非谓语动词。此处有一个固定搭配have difficulty doing sth

(42) to read    考查非谓语动词。Use sth to do sth

(43) that       考查状语从句。So….that 结构

(44) as        考查的介词“作为〞

(45) successfully  考查副词。副词修饰动词develop

(46) which       考查非限制定语从句。

(47) inventor     考查词的变性。Full-time是形容词需要名词的补充

(48) how        考查宾语从句。从句中成分完成，根据句子的意思补充how比拟适合

(49) died        考查谓语动词。 

(50) the         考查定冠词。形容词最高级前需要定冠词the第四局部写作〔共两节，总分值35分〕短文改错：〔共10分〕假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号〔∧〕，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词作斜线〔/〕划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

只允许修改10处，多者〔从第11处起〕不计分。

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