Unit+4+History+and+Traditions+Reading+and+Thinking阅读课件 高一英语人教版（2019）必修第二册

Unit4

HISTORYANDTRADITIONSWHAT’SINANAME?ReadingandthinkingToreadaboutthehistoryandtraditionsoftheUK.2.TobeabletogiveabriefintroductionoftheUK3.Todebateonwhetherit’simportanttostudythehistoryandcultureofacountrybeforevisitingit.WatchthevideoandlearnabouttheUK.WatchthevideoandlearnaboutLondon.WhatistheUKfamousfor?WhatcomestoyourmindwhenyouthinkoftheUK?GreatBritain

theUnitedKingdomItsfullnameistheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland,commonlyknownasthe

UK.Thecountry’sprincipaltouristdestinationsarein

London,withthe

TowerofLondonbeingthesinglemostvisitedattractioninthecountry.The

UnitedKingdom

istheworld’s

8thbiggesttouristdestination.TheBritishMuseumwasbuiltin1735.Ithasacollectionof

atleast

8millionobjects,includingsomeofitsmostworld-famousartefacts,suchastheRosettaStone,EgyptianmummiesandtheElginmarbles.TheBritishMuseumDoyouknowanytouristattractionsinLondon?

TowerofLondonThe

TowerofLondon

isanancientfortress(堡垒)

andhistoricmonumentincentralLondon.

TheTower’sprimaryfunctionwasafortress,aroyalpalace,anda

prison,particularlyfornobleandroyalprisoners.TowerBridgeTowerBridge,whichwasbuiltfrom1886to1894,isacombinedbascule(开合)andsuspensionbridge(吊桥)inLondon,overtheRiverThames.TowerBridgeTowerofLondonTowerBridgeisclosetotheTowerofLondon,fromwhichittakesitsname.Ithasbecomeaniconicsymbol

(象征符号)ofLondon.IttowersaboveWestminsterandtheHousesofParliamentgivingyouafantasticbird’seyeview

overallofLondon.LondonEyeTheridetakes30minutes,andcarriesyouuptoaheightof135metres.someothertouristattractionsBigBenBuckinghamPalaceStPaul’sCathedralNationalGalleryWindsor

CastleHydeParkLookatthemap,canyoutellmewhattypeofmapitis?Whatisitusedfor?Discussthequestionsinpairs.

Whenyoulookatamap,thinkfirstaboutwhatitshowsandwhatthemapshowsandwhatthesymbolsmean.ThemapshowstheBritishIsles,theislandswhichmakeuptheGreatBritain(England,Scotland,andWales)andIreland(IrelandandNorthernIreland).ItisusedtoshowthefourdifferentcountriesthatmakeuptheUKandsomeofthemajorcities.Whatmessagecanyougetfromthetitle?Whatmight“aname”herereferto?Whatdoyouexpecttoreadinthepassage?AbriefintroductiontotheUKaboutitsfoundationanddevelopmentbasedongeography,historyandculture,etc.Readthetextandgetthemainideaofit.Matcheachpartofthetextwithitsmainidea.1.Part1

(Para.1)A.Originsofthenames2.Part2(Para.2)B.Advantagesofstudyingthehistory

ofthe

UK3.Part3(Para.3)C.Comparisonofthe

fourcountriesofthe

UK4.Part4(Paras.4-5)D.Introductionofthetopic.

1.WhatarethefourcountriesoftheUnitedKingdom?Whichtwowerethefirsttobejoinedtogether?ThefourcountriesoftheUnitedKingdomareEngland,Wales,ScotlandandNorthernIreland.EnglandandWaleswerethefirsttwotobejoinedtogether.Readthetextandanswerthequestions.2.Accordingtothetext,whataretwochief

advantagesof

studyingthehistoryofacountry?Thetwochiefadvantagesofstudyingthehistoryofacountryaretohelpyouunderstandmoreaboutthecountryanditstraditionsandtomakevisitingitmoreenjoyable.Readagaintocompletethetimeline:20thcentury11thcentury16thcentury18thcentury19thcenturyRomansarrivedAnglo-SaxonscameVikingscame1stcentury5thcentury8thcenturyNormanscameWaleswasjoinedScotlandwasjoinedIrelandwasaddedSouthernIrelandbrokeawaySortouttheinformationaccordingtothetimeline.When

Whathappened?Whatchanged?RomansarrivedAnglo-SaxonscameVikingscame1stcentury5thcentury8thcenturytownsandroadslanguageandthewayofbuildinghousesvocabularyandnamesoflocationsacrosstheUKWhen

Whathappened?Whatchanged?11thcentury16thcentury/18thcenturyNormansconqueredEnglandaftertheBattleofHastingscastlesbuilt,legalsystemchanged,andnewwordsfromFrenchintroducedWaleswasjoinedtoKingdomofEnglandScotlandwasjoinedtoEnglandandWales“KingdomofGreatBritain”formed/createdWhen

Whathappened?Whatchanged?19thcentury20thcenturyIrelandwasaddedthesouthernpartofIrelandbrokeaway“UnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandIreland”formed/creatednamechangedto“UnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland”Read

Para.3carefullyandfindthesameanddifferentareasofthefourcountriesofthe

UK.

ThefourcountriesThesameareasThedifferentareasEngland,Wales,Scotland,andNorthernIreland•Thesameflag—the

Union

Jack•Thesame1.__________•Thesame2.______________•Educationsystem•3.______________•

Traditions:4.____________and

nationaldish•FootballteamcurrencymilitarydefenceLegalsystemnationaldayA:IcanneverrememberwhattheUKmeans!There’sEngland,Britain,___________GreatBritain!B:

Well,ithelpsifyourememberthattherearefourcountriesthat__________theUK.That’swhyit’scalledtheUnitedKingdom.CompletetheconversationabouttheUKusingthephrasesintheircorrectforms.aswellas,belongto,addto,jointo,breakaway,keepyoureyesopenaswellasbelongtoA:Fourcountries?Imusthavebeenasleepinthatpartofourhistoryclass!SothefirstcountrywasEngland,andtheotherswere___________that?B:Yes,right.FirstEngland,thenWales,thenScotland.ThelastcountrywasIreland,butlaterthesouthernhalfdidn’twanttobe___________theUnitedKingdom.joinedtoaddedtoaswellas,belongto,addto,jointo,breakaway,keepyoureyesopenA:Oh,Iremembernow!Thesouthernpart______________fromNorthernIreland,right?B:Yes,yougotitwellremembered!But___________________inhistoryclassnexttime!brokeawaykeepyoureyesopenaswellas,belongto,addto,jointo,breakaway,keepyoureyesopenWriteasummaryofthetextaccordingtotheclues.becomepartof,join,addition,breakaway,evidence,

theRomans,theAnglo-Saxons,newvocabulary,the

Normans,

LondonInthe16thcentury,

Wales

becamepartoftheKingdomofEngland.Later

Scotland

joinedcreatingthe

Kingdom

of

GreatBritain.Theadditionof

Ireland

createdtheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainand

Ireland.Thebreakingawayofthesouthernpartof

Ireland

inthe20thcenturyresultedintheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland,whichmostpeoplecallthe

UK,

Britain

or

GreatBritain.Inthe

UK,evidenceoffourancientpeoplescanbefound.TheRomansinthe1stcenturybuilt

towns

androads.AfterwardstheAnglo-SaxonsintroducedthebeginningsoftheEnglishlanguage.ThentheVikingsbroughtnewvocabularyandplacenames.Lastly,the

Normans

inthe11thcenturybuiltcastles,changedthelegalsystemandbroughtFrenchwords.Agoodplacetostartlearningaboutthe

UK’shistoryis

London,wherepastandpresentmeet.

Discussthequestionsingroups:Isitnecessaryforvisitorstostudythehistoryandcultureofacountrybeforevisitingit?We’dbetterknowaboutthehistoryandculture,because...Inmyopinion,...Ithinkthat...Inaword,...It’sunnecessarytoprepareanyculturalbackground,because...Webelievethat...I’mafraidIdisagree,…Allinall,...VS把……和……连接或联结起来脱离；背叛；逃脱属于同（一样也）；和；还留心；留意join…to…breakaway(fromsb/sth)belongtoaswellaskeepyoureyesopen(for)1.Sowhatisthedifferencebetweenthem,ifany?

那么，如果它们有区别的话，这些区别是什么呢？

ifany是省略句，其完整形式为ifthereisanydifference。ifso

如果是这样的话ifnot

如果不是这样；不然，否则ifnecessary

如果有必要的话ifpossible

如果可能的话ifever

如果曾经有的话egCorrecttheerrorsinthefollowingsentences,ifany.【链接】2.…,thenearbycountryofWaleswasjoinedtotheKingdomofEngland.

nearby

adj.

notfaraway附近的；邻近的egTheyboughtsomefruitfromanearbystore.

他们在附近的商店买了一些水果。

nearbyadv.在附近egDanfoundworkononeofthefarmsnearby.丹在附近的一个农场里找到了工作。3.Finally,inthe20thcentury,thesouthernpartofIrelandbrokeawayfromtheUK,whichresultedinthefullname…breakaway(fromsb/sth)

toseparateorbecomeseparatefromalargergroup,country,etc.

脱离；逃脱egThreemembersofthebandbrokeawayandformedtheir

owngroup.

三个成员脱离了乐队，创建了自己的组合。break短语breakarecord

打破纪录

breakoff

突然停止；中断(谈判)breakdown

失败；(机器、车辆)坏了breaktheice

打破僵局；打破冷场局面breakinto

破门而入

breakout

突发；爆发breakthrough

突破；突围breakup

打碎；分裂【拓展】3)Scientiststhinktheyarebeginningto_____________inthefightagainstcancer.

科学家认为他们在对抗癌症的研究中开始有所突破。4)IwasstilllivinginLondonwhenthewar____________.

战争爆发的时候我还住在伦敦。【语境应用】完成句子。1)Thethieves____________________andstolesomemoney.

小偷闯入办公室，偷了一些钱。2)Negotiationsbetweenthetwosides__________________.

双方谈判失败了。brokeintotheofficehavebrokendownbreakthroughbrokeout4.ThefourcountriesthatbelongtotheUnitedKingdomworktogetherinsomeareas.

belong

vi.

ifsthbelongssomewhere,thatistherightplace

orsituationforit

应在（某处）；适应egPutthechairbackwhereitbelongs.把椅子放回原处。

belongto:ifsthbelongstosb,theyownit

属于

(不用于进行时态和被动语态)

egThebookbelongstoDan.

这本书是Dan的。【拓展】belongingsn.

(pl.)

财产;所有物;财物personalbelongings

个人财物1)Firstofall,uniformshelptheschoollooksmart.Thestudentsfeelsthatthey_________(属于)aparticulargroup.2)Haveyouever__________________________(是这支足球队的成员吗)?belongto

belongedtothisfootballteam【语境应用】完成句子。5.…,aswellassharethesamecurrencyandmilitarydefence.

aswellas:andinaddition

同（一样也）；和；还

aswellas连接两个并列的主语时,谓语动词应与aswellas前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。egHegrowsflowersaswellasvegetables.

他既种菜也种花。Theeditorsaswellastheauthorareworkingovertime.编辑和作者都在加班工作。【链接】

aswellas和……一样好,为比较结构。【语境应用】翻译句子。1)电既可以变为声能，又可以变为光能。Electricenergycanbechangedintolightenergyaswellasintosoundenergy.2)你别指望她除了照顾孩子外,还做家务活。Youcannotexpecthertodothehouseworkaswellaslookafterthechildren.denfence

n.

protectionorsupportagainstattack,criticismor

infection

防御；保卫egThetowerswereonceanimportantpartofthecity’s

defences.

那些高塔曾经是该市防御体系中重要的组成部分。indefenceof...

保卫……；为……辩护egTheytookuparmsindefenceoftheircountry.他们拿起武器保卫祖国。AllIcansay,indefenceofmyactions,isthatIhadlittle

choice.我只能以别无选择来为自己的行为辩解。【拓展】6.…andNorthernIrelandallhavedifferenteducationsystemsandlegalsystems.

legal

adj.

ifsthislegal,youareallowedtodoitorhavetodo

itbylaw

法律允许的，合法的eg

legalaction/proceedings法律诉讼Whatthecompanyhasdoneisperfectlylegal.

公司所做的这一切完全是合法的。【拓展】illegal

adj.

notallowedbythelaw违法的egItisillegaltosell

tobaccotosomeone

under18.出售烟草给18岁以下

者是违法的。7.…youwillbesurroundedbyevidenceoffourdifferentgroupsofpeoplewhotookoveratdifferenttimes...

surround

vt.

tobeallaroundsborsthoneveryside围绕，环绕，包围

surroundoneselfwith

喜欢身边总有……

besurroundedby/with

周围都是……

surround...with...

用……把……围住【链接】

surrounding

adj.

周围的，附近的surroundings

n.

环境【语境应用】

用surround的适当形式填空。1)Lucywassittingonthefloor

___________bytoys.2)Wedecidedtoexplorethe

___________countryside.3)Whenhecamebacktolife,hefoundhimself

___________byenemysoldiers.4)It’simportanttoworkinfriendly

_____________.surroundedsurrounded

surroundingsurroundings8.TheyconqueredEnglandafterthewell-knownBattleofHastingsinthe11thcentury.

battle

n.

afightbetweenarmedforces

战役；