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Unit4
HISTORYANDTRADITIONSWHAT’SINANAME?ReadingandthinkingToreadaboutthehistoryandtraditionsoftheUK.2.TobeabletogiveabriefintroductionoftheUK3.Todebateonwhetherit’simportanttostudythehistoryandcultureofacountrybeforevisitingit.WatchthevideoandlearnabouttheUK.WatchthevideoandlearnaboutLondon.WhatistheUKfamousfor?WhatcomestoyourmindwhenyouthinkoftheUK?GreatBritain
theUnitedKingdomItsfullnameistheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland,commonlyknownasthe
UK.Thecountry’sprincipaltouristdestinationsarein
London,withthe
TowerofLondonbeingthesinglemostvisitedattractioninthecountry.The
UnitedKingdom
istheworld’s
8thbiggesttouristdestination.TheBritishMuseumwasbuiltin1735.Ithasacollectionof
atleast
8millionobjects,includingsomeofitsmostworld-famousartefacts,suchastheRosettaStone,EgyptianmummiesandtheElginmarbles.TheBritishMuseumDoyouknowanytouristattractionsinLondon?
TowerofLondonThe
TowerofLondon
isanancientfortress(堡垒)
andhistoricmonumentincentralLondon.
TheTower’sprimaryfunctionwasafortress,aroyalpalace,anda
prison,particularlyfornobleandroyalprisoners.TowerBridgeTowerBridge,whichwasbuiltfrom1886to1894,isacombinedbascule(开合)andsuspensionbridge(吊桥)inLondon,overtheRiverThames.TowerBridgeTowerofLondonTowerBridgeisclosetotheTowerofLondon,fromwhichittakesitsname.Ithasbecomeaniconicsymbol
(象征符号)ofLondon.IttowersaboveWestminsterandtheHousesofParliamentgivingyouafantasticbird’seyeview
overallofLondon.LondonEyeTheridetakes30minutes,andcarriesyouuptoaheightof135metres.someothertouristattractionsBigBenBuckinghamPalaceStPaul’sCathedralNationalGalleryWindsor
CastleHydeParkLookatthemap,canyoutellmewhattypeofmapitis?Whatisitusedfor?Discussthequestionsinpairs.
Whenyoulookatamap,thinkfirstaboutwhatitshowsandwhatthemapshowsandwhatthesymbolsmean.ThemapshowstheBritishIsles,theislandswhichmakeuptheGreatBritain(England,Scotland,andWales)andIreland(IrelandandNorthernIreland).ItisusedtoshowthefourdifferentcountriesthatmakeuptheUKandsomeofthemajorcities.Whatmessagecanyougetfromthetitle?Whatmight“aname”herereferto?Whatdoyouexpecttoreadinthepassage?AbriefintroductiontotheUKaboutitsfoundationanddevelopmentbasedongeography,historyandculture,etc.Readthetextandgetthemainideaofit.Matcheachpartofthetextwithitsmainidea.1.Part1
(Para.1)A.Originsofthenames2.Part2(Para.2)B.Advantagesofstudyingthehistory
ofthe
UK3.Part3(Para.3)C.Comparisonofthe
fourcountriesofthe
UK4.Part4(Paras.4-5)D.Introductionofthetopic.
1.WhatarethefourcountriesoftheUnitedKingdom?Whichtwowerethefirsttobejoinedtogether?ThefourcountriesoftheUnitedKingdomareEngland,Wales,ScotlandandNorthernIreland.EnglandandWaleswerethefirsttwotobejoinedtogether.Readthetextandanswerthequestions.2.Accordingtothetext,whataretwochief
advantagesof
studyingthehistoryofacountry?Thetwochiefadvantagesofstudyingthehistoryofacountryaretohelpyouunderstandmoreaboutthecountryanditstraditionsandtomakevisitingitmoreenjoyable.Readagaintocompletethetimeline:20thcentury11thcentury16thcentury18thcentury19thcenturyRomansarrivedAnglo-SaxonscameVikingscame1stcentury5thcentury8thcenturyNormanscameWaleswasjoinedScotlandwasjoinedIrelandwasaddedSouthernIrelandbrokeawaySortouttheinformationaccordingtothetimeline.When
Whathappened?Whatchanged?RomansarrivedAnglo-SaxonscameVikingscame1stcentury5thcentury8thcenturytownsandroadslanguageandthewayofbuildinghousesvocabularyandnamesoflocationsacrosstheUKWhen
Whathappened?Whatchanged?11thcentury16thcentury/18thcenturyNormansconqueredEnglandaftertheBattleofHastingscastlesbuilt,legalsystemchanged,andnewwordsfromFrenchintroducedWaleswasjoinedtoKingdomofEnglandScotlandwasjoinedtoEnglandandWales“KingdomofGreatBritain”formed/createdWhen
Whathappened?Whatchanged?19thcentury20thcenturyIrelandwasaddedthesouthernpartofIrelandbrokeaway“UnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandIreland”formed/creatednamechangedto“UnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland”Read
Para.3carefullyandfindthesameanddifferentareasofthefourcountriesofthe
UK.
ThefourcountriesThesameareasThedifferentareasEngland,Wales,Scotland,andNorthernIreland•Thesameflag—the
Union
Jack•Thesame1.__________•Thesame2.______________•Educationsystem•3.______________•
Traditions:4.____________and
nationaldish•FootballteamcurrencymilitarydefenceLegalsystemnationaldayA:IcanneverrememberwhattheUKmeans!There’sEngland,Britain,___________GreatBritain!B:
Well,ithelpsifyourememberthattherearefourcountriesthat__________theUK.That’swhyit’scalledtheUnitedKingdom.CompletetheconversationabouttheUKusingthephrasesintheircorrectforms.aswellas,belongto,addto,jointo,breakaway,keepyoureyesopenaswellasbelongtoA:Fourcountries?Imusthavebeenasleepinthatpartofourhistoryclass!SothefirstcountrywasEngland,andtheotherswere___________that?B:Yes,right.FirstEngland,thenWales,thenScotland.ThelastcountrywasIreland,butlaterthesouthernhalfdidn’twanttobe___________theUnitedKingdom.joinedtoaddedtoaswellas,belongto,addto,jointo,breakaway,keepyoureyesopenA:Oh,Iremembernow!Thesouthernpart______________fromNorthernIreland,right?B:Yes,yougotitwellremembered!But___________________inhistoryclassnexttime!brokeawaykeepyoureyesopenaswellas,belongto,addto,jointo,breakaway,keepyoureyesopenWriteasummaryofthetextaccordingtotheclues.becomepartof,join,addition,breakaway,evidence,
theRomans,theAnglo-Saxons,newvocabulary,the
Normans,
LondonInthe16thcentury,
Wales
becamepartoftheKingdomofEngland.Later
Scotland
joinedcreatingthe
Kingdom
of
GreatBritain.Theadditionof
Ireland
createdtheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainand
Ireland.Thebreakingawayofthesouthernpartof
Ireland
inthe20thcenturyresultedintheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland,whichmostpeoplecallthe
UK,
Britain
or
GreatBritain.Inthe
UK,evidenceoffourancientpeoplescanbefound.TheRomansinthe1stcenturybuilt
towns
androads.AfterwardstheAnglo-SaxonsintroducedthebeginningsoftheEnglishlanguage.ThentheVikingsbroughtnewvocabularyandplacenames.Lastly,the
Normans
inthe11thcenturybuiltcastles,changedthelegalsystemandbroughtFrenchwords.Agoodplacetostartlearningaboutthe
UK’shistoryis
London,wherepastandpresentmeet.
Discussthequestionsingroups:Isitnecessaryforvisitorstostudythehistoryandcultureofacountrybeforevisitingit?We’dbetterknowaboutthehistoryandculture,because...Inmyopinion,...Ithinkthat...Inaword,...It’sunnecessarytoprepareanyculturalbackground,because...Webelievethat...I’mafraidIdisagree,…Allinall,...VS把……和……连接或联结起来脱离;背叛;逃脱属于同(一样也);和;还留心;留意join…to…breakaway(fromsb/sth)belongtoaswellaskeepyoureyesopen(for)1.Sowhatisthedifferencebetweenthem,ifany?
那么,如果它们有区别的话,这些区别是什么呢?
ifany是省略句,其完整形式为ifthereisanydifference。ifso
如果是这样的话ifnot
如果不是这样;不然,否则ifnecessary
如果有必要的话ifpossible
如果可能的话ifever
如果曾经有的话egCorrecttheerrorsinthefollowingsentences,ifany.【链接】2.…,thenearbycountryofWaleswasjoinedtotheKingdomofEngland.
nearby
adj.
notfaraway附近的;邻近的egTheyboughtsomefruitfromanearbystore.
他们在附近的商店买了一些水果。
nearbyadv.在附近egDanfoundworkononeofthefarmsnearby.丹在附近的一个农场里找到了工作。3.Finally,inthe20thcentury,thesouthernpartofIrelandbrokeawayfromtheUK,whichresultedinthefullname…breakaway(fromsb/sth)
toseparateorbecomeseparatefromalargergroup,country,etc.
脱离;逃脱egThreemembersofthebandbrokeawayandformedtheir
owngroup.
三个成员脱离了乐队,创建了自己的组合。break短语breakarecord
打破纪录
breakoff
突然停止;中断(谈判)breakdown
失败;(机器、车辆)坏了breaktheice
打破僵局;打破冷场局面breakinto
破门而入
breakout
突发;爆发breakthrough
突破;突围breakup
打碎;分裂【拓展】3)Scientiststhinktheyarebeginningto_____________inthefightagainstcancer.
科学家认为他们在对抗癌症的研究中开始有所突破。4)IwasstilllivinginLondonwhenthewar____________.
战争爆发的时候我还住在伦敦。【语境应用】完成句子。1)Thethieves____________________andstolesomemoney.
小偷闯入办公室,偷了一些钱。2)Negotiationsbetweenthetwosides__________________.
双方谈判失败了。brokeintotheofficehavebrokendownbreakthroughbrokeout4.ThefourcountriesthatbelongtotheUnitedKingdomworktogetherinsomeareas.
belong
vi.
ifsthbelongssomewhere,thatistherightplace
orsituationforit
应在(某处);适应egPutthechairbackwhereitbelongs.把椅子放回原处。
belongto:ifsthbelongstosb,theyownit
属于
(不用于进行时态和被动语态)
egThebookbelongstoDan.
这本书是Dan的。【拓展】belongingsn.
(pl.)
财产;所有物;财物personalbelongings
个人财物1)Firstofall,uniformshelptheschoollooksmart.Thestudentsfeelsthatthey_________(属于)aparticulargroup.2)Haveyouever__________________________(是这支足球队的成员吗)?belongto
belongedtothisfootballteam【语境应用】完成句子。5.…,aswellassharethesamecurrencyandmilitarydefence.
aswellas:andinaddition
同(一样也);和;还
aswellas连接两个并列的主语时,谓语动词应与aswellas前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。egHegrowsflowersaswellasvegetables.
他既种菜也种花。Theeditorsaswellastheauthorareworkingovertime.编辑和作者都在加班工作。【链接】
aswellas和……一样好,为比较结构。【语境应用】翻译句子。1)电既可以变为声能,又可以变为光能。Electricenergycanbechangedintolightenergyaswellasintosoundenergy.2)你别指望她除了照顾孩子外,还做家务活。Youcannotexpecthertodothehouseworkaswellaslookafterthechildren.denfence
n.
protectionorsupportagainstattack,criticismor
infection
防御;保卫egThetowerswereonceanimportantpartofthecity’s
defences.
那些高塔曾经是该市防御体系中重要的组成部分。indefenceof...
保卫……;为……辩护egTheytookuparmsindefenceoftheircountry.他们拿起武器保卫祖国。AllIcansay,indefenceofmyactions,isthatIhadlittle
choice.我只能以别无选择来为自己的行为辩解。【拓展】6.…andNorthernIrelandallhavedifferenteducationsystemsandlegalsystems.
legal
adj.
ifsthislegal,youareallowedtodoitorhavetodo
itbylaw
法律允许的,合法的eg
legalaction/proceedings法律诉讼Whatthecompanyhasdoneisperfectlylegal.
公司所做的这一切完全是合法的。【拓展】illegal
adj.
notallowedbythelaw违法的egItisillegaltosell
tobaccotosomeone
under18.出售烟草给18岁以下
者是违法的。7.…youwillbesurroundedbyevidenceoffourdifferentgroupsofpeoplewhotookoveratdifferenttimes...
surround
vt.
tobeallaroundsborsthoneveryside围绕,环绕,包围
surroundoneselfwith
喜欢身边总有……
besurroundedby/with
周围都是……
surround...with...
用……把……围住【链接】
surrounding
adj.
周围的,附近的surroundings
n.
环境【语境应用】
用surround的适当形式填空。1)Lucywassittingonthefloor
___________bytoys.2)Wedecidedtoexplorethe
___________countryside.3)Whenhecamebacktolife,hefoundhimself
___________byenemysoldiers.4)It’simportanttoworkinfriendly
_____________.surroundedsurrounded
surroundingsurroundings8.TheyconqueredEnglandafterthewell-knownBattleofHastingsinthe11thcentury.
battle
n.
afightbetweenarmedforces
战役;
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