高中英语人教版必修三教学案：Unit4Section1含答案

Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars山eoryviolrtil“uLikeftuidiuuenraliLHXlldlLlrxislthuspi皿Ip门rashpullinlhikelay产目明givebirlhti>intmr'sturnpiWfitl…山eoryviolrtil“uLikeftuidiuuenraliLHXlldlLlrxislthuspi皿Ip门rashpullinlhikelay产目明givebirlhti>intmr'sturnpiWfitl…fhmih|c>rk<inTcheerii])[ii(jwiiiat1rmakeit.-tadj.ludu.wi.□.llM.倍数表达注k语从句拿口口耳finalbn^ikout nowihnt^1rlininip wMichini\for让步一状语从句解决问题类AjstmriomyMihunldi-Miw-it-iueknownioThou-21nds»fyr*『*」集"nymkhJkt^luithe*\tjigjmrlwrunckri^laboutaliifheawn^.Butmanw；i*lumiledlbydiu'【xpliintii?活演背景抢先读ihfithvcouldrwhhhu七丫弋第ukine.The<#Fk^k^srud%-h>-irowimyover2«000注nr、”Ko,lThcycuuldstrlhesize-col-our»andhr谯hlntY*-ofam「.Theycould居erit言platrintbr^kv.ThrywslchrdIhe苒「算ni£iv¥asthe^rasOii^chainjfrdLEhnIhe(Jrtfk^hudnotod、tohTp由心航同口-Mudyihrhicafeh.^.EachtieWluolH』dedtoIlit!flcldlofhelpedm^iiirtuehmilimio/照旧，Unniihrtrwere加%度墀旭3*nirmknewalinknbuultheniwiufitdidnu(knnwih^atheplanetcolledSj^urm■hadr'm^aroundit.Him^iphiwasmnliiniwdthathamuldnnlswMltheplanets.I*-furcihf^peclroscupr-mjindidMkiivwwhatkiMof盟*、wasamLindtbesunarotherstars.Withoulth.nrAdiolclE?-wO|jii'1.w*ilicli»Dlkinowihfllrndio”加cjaiih-fr(Mn/.iin>partirTpclay.aTrnnDTny&a算「口,加*%-%□工”，W«'k;mlearnedmoreinthelastfillyyearsthaninthewholehisinry「阑诫碑碑词］①tTmpi?ria里四StSaturn小土星③spfHmxEpp小牙叱替^ndiottlcKopc队时电里通糖SectionIReading(Warmingup&Reading)I.Matchthewordwithitsmeaning.I.Matchthewordwithitsmeaning.1.astronomyA.学说；理论2.systemB.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的3.theoryC.大气层；气氛4.violentD.基本的；基础的5.atmosphereE.乘；增加6.fundamentalF.谜；（使）迷惑7.harmfulG.存在；生存8.multiplyH.有害的9.existI.天乂字10.puzzleJ.系统；体系；制度答案：1〜5IJABC6〜10DHEGFn.Writedownthemeaningofphrasesineachsentence.Thetruthwillcometolightintime.迟早Asweknow,layingeggsistheantqueen'sfull-timejob.下甯Onceshehasmadeuphermind,nobodycanpreventherfromcarryingouttheplan.阻止Whenitwasinmyturn,Iwastooexcitedtospeak.轮至UJanehasjustgivenbirthtotwins,sohermothermustbeinthehospitallookingafterhernow.分娩Myrelationshipwiththeactorsisfundamentaltomyworkasadirector.对……(来t兑)是基本的（传说）may（传说）mayA B CPictureAmaytellusPanguseparatestheskyfromtheearth.PictureBmaytellustheGoddessNvwamendedtheheavenandcreatedhumanbeingsfromtheclay（黏土）.PictureCmaytellusaccordingtotheBibleGodcreatedtheworldinsevendays.n.Discussion:Areyouinterestedinastronomy?Why?Yes,Iam.BecauseIwanttoknowmoreaboutthestars,themoon,thesunandtheuniverse.Ifweexploredandstudiedthemverywell,wecanserveforourcountryand_humanbeingsverywell.Fl・月—I.Fast-readingMatchthemainideawiththeproperparagraph.Para.1A.Theformationoftheearth.Para.2B.Awidelyacceptedtheoryabouttheformationoftheuniverse.Para.3C.Thedevelopmentofplantsandanimalsontheearth.Para.4D.Thearrivalofhumansandtheirimpactontheearth.Para.5E.Theimportanceofwaterforlife.答案：Paras.1〜5BAECDWhatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?A.Theimportanceofwater.Howthelifebeganontheearth.Howhumanbeingsappeared.Howplantsappeared.答案：Bn.Careful-readingReadthetextcarefullyandchoosethebestanswer.Whywaslifeabletodevelopontheearthbutnotonotherplanets?Theearthhadasolidshape.Theearthdidn'thaveharmfulgasesinitsatmosphere.Thewaterstayedontheearthbutnotonotherplanets.Theearthwasnottoohotandnottoocold.Whyareplantsimportantontheearth?A.Theyproduceoxygenforanimals.Theyprovidetheshadeforanimals.Theyprovideabeautifulscene.Theyprotectthesoilfrombeingdestroyed.Whatisthecorrectorderaccordingtothetext?Thecleveranimalswithhandsandfeetappearedandspreadallovertheearth.The"BigBang".Smallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.65millionyearsago,theageofthedinosaursended.A.②①③④ B.④③①②C.②④③① D.②③④①Earlyhumansappearedafterdinosaursdiedoutmillionyearslater.A.67.6 B,62.4C.65 D.140答案：1〜4CADBin.Study-readingAnalyzethefollowingdifficultsentencesinthetext.Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.［句式分析」［尝试番S译］没有人确切地知道地球的起源，因为那是很久以前的事了。Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.

［句式分析］W语从句Whatkwastubeeiudwasuncertain-*主干句"时间I状语untilbetween4.5nnd3.8billionyearsago:定语从向whenthrdnsiseitiedintoasolidglobe［尝试番S译］随后它会变成什么没人能知道，直到 38-45亿年前，这团尘埃才慢慢地形成了一个固态的球体。Whatisevenmoreimportantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface.［句式分析］这是一个复杂的句子。 what引导主语从句；that引导表语从句；as在表语从句中引导状语从句。［尝试番S译］更重要的是.随着地球的不断冷却.地球表面出现了水。Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.[句式分析]Sowhriherlifewilleuntinut'..,yviir>luconic主语从向whtdInTthispr(jhkbtnranheslj]宾语从旬演练提能［尝试番S译］所以在未来的千百万年中，生命能否在地球上延续下去将取决于这个问题演练提能课下过关检测提能力［对应学生课下能力提升（十三）］阅读理解Ofalltheplanets,nonehascaptured（吸弓I）theworld'simaginationlikeMars.Itsreddish（淡红的）colorandchangesinbrightnessovertimemaketheplanetanunforgettablesight.InCosmos,thetelevisionscienceseriesfromthe1980s,scientistCarlSagantalkedaboutsometraditionalideasaboutMars.SomeoftheseideasarefromtheEnglishsciencefictionwriterH.GWells'TheWaroftheWorlds.OthersarefromthemistakenscienceofPercivalLowell,theAmericanastronomerwhobelievedintelligentbeingslivedonMars.WellsdescribedMartiansasthreatening.Lowellimaginedthemasthehopefulengineersofgreatworks.CarlSagansaidthatbothideasinfluencedthepublicdeeply.Today,Marscontinuestoexcitehumans-notastheobjectofsciencefictionbutofscientificstudy.Spacescientistshavecollectedawealthofinformationfromspacecraftsthathaveorbited（沿轨道运行）,landedonanddugintotheMartiansurface.TheSmithsonian's"MarsDay"offeredachanceforpeopleofallagestotouchMars,oratleastapieceofit.AllisonandAlyciafromSilverSpring,Maryland,broughttheirchildren,Grace,Sam,RyanandEmma.TheyheardaboutMarsanditsgeologyfromexperts.TheycouldseeatestversionoftheVikinglandersthatreachedMarsinJulyof1976.Theyalsosawmeteorites（陨星）knowntohavecomefromthered,orreddishplanet.Eight-year-oldSamlearnedthattheancientdescriptionofMarsasredisnotexactlyright.Hesaid,"It'sactuallyorangishmorethanredandit'salsokindofbrown. "Emmaissix.ShelearnedaboutthevolcanicactivitythathasshapedthesurfaceofMars.Shesaid,“TheclosestthingtoMars—thestuff—isfromvolcanoesmostly.”“MarsDay“offeredAllisonandAlycia'schildrenachancetolearnmoreaboutaworldthattheyareverylikelytosetfootonwithintheirlifetimes.语篇解读：在“火星日”，人们可以对火星有更好的了解和认识。WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A.WhyMartianswereconsideredthreatening.WhyMarshascapturedtheworld'simagination.WhatpeoplegenerallythoughtofMarsinthepast.HowH.GWellsgottheideaforhissciencefiction.解析：选C段落大意题。通读第二段，可知主要是讲人们关于火星的一些传统认识，故选CoItisimpliedinParagraph3that.A．today'sspacescientistsstillknownothingaboutMarsB．today'sspacescientistsareveryinterestedinMarsC．sciencefictionfilmsarenolongersetinMarsD．spacescientistshaven'tmadeanyprogressinknowingMars解析：选B推理判断题。根据第三段的“Today,Marscontinuestoexcitehumans—notastheobjectofsciencefictionbutofscientificstudy.”以及后一句“Spacescientistshavecollectedawealthofinformation...”可推断现在的航天科学家们对火星很感兴趣。Whatisthewriter'sattitudetowardtheideathathumanswillsetfootonMars?A．Hethinksitmayhappeninthisyear.B．Hethinksitwillalwaysremainadream.C．Hethinksitwillcometruewithinhundredsofyears.D．Hethinksitmayhappeninthefollowingdecades.解析：选D观点态度题。根据末段的 “aworldthattheyareverylikelytosetfootonwithintheirlifetimes”可知作者认为人类在接下来的几十年内就有可能登上火星。TheSmithsonian's“MarsDay”mightNOTofferpeopleachanceto ．A．learnaboutthesurfaceofMarsB．seeatestversionofsomeVikinglandersC．seemeteoritesknowntohavecomefromMarsD．sitinaspacecrafttoexperiencethelifeofanastronaut解析：选D细节理解题。通读全文，可知作者并没有提到在火星日，前往参观的人可以坐在宇宙飞船里体验宇航员的生活，故选D。BWhenIarrivedat6aminthehospitalkitchen,Rosewasalreadycheckingnametags（标签）onthetrays（托盘）．“Hi,I'mJanet.”Itriedtosoundcheerful,althoughIalreadyknewRose'sreputationforbeingimpossibletoworkwith.“I'mscheduledtoworkwithyouthisweek.”Rose,amiddle-agedwoman,stoppedwhatshewasdoingandlookedcloselyoverherreadingglasses.Icouldtellfromherexpressionshewasn'tpleasedtoseeastudentworker.“Whatdoyouwantmetodo?Startthecoffee？”Iasked.Rosenoddedandwentbacktocheckingnametags.Ifilledthe40-cuppotwithcoldwaterandbeganmakingcoffeewhenRoseyelled, “That'snotthewaytomakecoffee！”Shesteppedinandtookover.NothingIdidpleasedher.Maybeshedidn'tBackathome,Istayedaloneinmyroom,fightingbacktears.Ithought,feelwell.Maybeshehadsometrouble.”Idecidedtoforgiveherandtrytogetalongwithher.Maybeshedidn'tThenextmorning,IignoredthehurtfulremarksthrowninmydirectionanddidthingsRose'swayasmuchaspossible.Overthenextfewdaysanamazingthingbegantohappen.Myfocusshiftedfromwhatshewasdoingtome,andIstartedseeingRoseasthepersonshewashurting.Theicytensionbegantomeltaway.Throughouttherestofthesummer,wehadnumerousopportunitiestoworktogether.Eachtimesheseemedhappytoseeme.AsIworkedwiththislonelywoman,Ilistenedtoher—somethingnooneelsehaddone.Ilearnedthatshewasburdenedbyelderlyparentswhoneededhercareandherownhealthproblems.ThatsummerIlearnedalessonI'veneverforgotten.TheworldisfullofpeoplelikeRose—annoying,demanding,unlovable—yethurtinginside.I'vefoundthatloveisthebestwaytoturnanenemyintoafriend.语篇解读：本文是记叙文。作者通过暑期兼职经历领悟到要善待不好相处的人。WhatwasRose'sattitudetowardstheauthorthefirstdaytheymet?A．Polite. B．Curious.C．Dissatisfied. D．Unashamed.解析：选C推理判断题。由第六段末的“Roseyelled‘That'snotthewaytomakecoffee！’Shesteppedinandtookover.NothingIdidpleasedher.”可推断，Rose与作者认识的当天对作者很不满意。Aftergettinghomefromworkthefirstday,theauthor ．A．wasverytired B．feltquiteupsetC．wasprettylonely D．feltgenerallyunwell解析：选B细节理解题。由第七段中的 fightingbacktears”可知，作者在第一天工作完回家后感到很不开心。WhatdidtheauthordoafterherfirstdayofworkingwithRose?A．ShehurtRose. B．ShehelpedRose.C．SheignoredRose.D．ShetoleratedRose.解析：选D细节理解题。由第八段中的 “IignoredthehurtfulremarksthrowninmydirectionanddidthingsRose'swayasmuchaspossible”可知，与Rose第一天合作后，作者开始包容 Rose。Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A.Neverjudgebyappearances.Friendshipislovewithunderstanding.Misfortunestestthesincerityoffriends.Manhasnotagreaterenemythanhimself.解析：选B推理判断题。由最后两段尤其是文章末句 I'vefoundthatloveisthebestwaytoturnanenemyintoafriend."可知，作者对Rose采取了包容的态度后两人关系变得和谐，作者逐渐理解了Rose,且两人最终成为了朋友。据此可推断，友谊就是爱和理解。CItseemswecan'tgetofftheplanetfastenough.TwothirdsofNASA'smoneyisspentonmannedspaceexploration,andthatnumberwillgrowwiththeUSA'sdecisiontosendamantoMarsin2037.We'veseenallthereistoseeonEarth,right?Wrong.Thefinalplaceishere,underthesurfaceofthesea.Headingdownintotheocean,humanlimitsarequicklyreached.At200metres,thewaterisasblackasamoonlessnight.Mostnuclearsubmarines（核潜艇）wouldimplode（内爆）beforetheyreach1kmdown.At3km—stilllessthantheaveragedepthoftheocean-there'sagoodchancethatyou'lldiscoveranewspecies.Thedeepest-divingwhalesgonofurther.Attheverybottom,about11kmdown,liestheChallengerDeep,thedeepestpartoftheMarianaTrenchinthePacificOcean.EighteenhumanshavewalkedontheMoon,butonlythreehaveseentheDeepwiththeirowneyes.Yetthingslivedownthere.Bigthings.Averyloudsoundwasonceheardandscientistssuggestedthatitwasproducedbyananimalbiggerthanabluewhale,thelargestcreatureknownontheplanet.Inthelate1990s,deep-watersubmarinewasdroppedintheSouthernOcean,andpassing4,000metres,itdiscoveredsomethinghugepassingunderit.Surprised?Don'tbe.Theoceancovers70%oftheplanet'ssurfaceandwe'vestudiedlessthan5%ofit.WeknowmoreaboutthedarksideoftheMoonthanaboutthebottomofthesea.Onereasonthatweexplorespaceistofindevidenceofotherlifeforms.ThesearchforlifeoutsideofEarthisimportant,butrobotscanlookunderthedryrocksofMarsbetterthanhumans.They'reabsolutelyimportantfordoingoceanresearchtoo,buttheycan'tlookunderthesea.Thecostofexplorationisrising,buttheresultswouldbenefitallourlives.Understandingtheoceanswillhelpusfindnewsourcesoffood,drugsandenergy.Perhapsnowit'stimetobeginanewperiodofseaexploration.Mannedexplorationofspaceissciencefiction（科幻小说）.Theadventureofthedeepseaissciencefact.语篇解读：本文是议论文。作者在文中讨论了进行海洋探索的重大意义。WhatdoweknowabouttheChallengerDeep?A．Bluewhaleslivethere.B．Noonehaseverbeenthere.C．Peopleareterrifiedbythesightofit.D．ItisthedeepestknownlocationonEarth.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第二段中的 “theChallengerDeep,thedeepestpartoftheMarianaTrenchinthePacificOcean”可知，挑战号深渊是地球上目前已知的最深的海底。WhatdoestheauthorthinkofthediscoveryintheSouthernOcean?A．It'ssurprising.B．It'snowonder.C．It'sworrying.D．It'snosuccess.解析：选B观点态度题。根据第四段中的 “Surprised?Don'tbe.Theoceancovers70%oftheplanet'ssurfaceandwe'vestudiedlessthan5%ofit.WeknowmoreaboutthedarksideoftheMoonthanaboutthebottomofthesea.”可知，作者认为南冰洋中可能存在比蓝鲸更大生物的发现不足为奇。．Whydoweneedtoexplorethesea?A．Seaexplorationischeaperthaneverbefore.B．Wehaveexploredlessthan5%ofthesea.C．Itwillhelpimproveourfuturelife.D．Itwillbenefitspaceexploration.解析：选C细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的 “theresultswouldbenefitallourlives.Understandingtheoceanswillhelpusfindnewsourcesoffood,drugsandenergy”可知，海洋探索将造福人类。Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellus?A．Spaceexplorationisoflittlevalue.B．Wespendtoomuchmoneyonspacetravel.C．Humans'successliesinhowmuchtheyexplorethesea.D．Theoceanistheplacewhereweshouldmakeourefforts.解析：选D主旨大意题。作者在文章第一段就点出自己的观点： “Thefinalplaceishere,underthesurfaceofthesea.”，并在接下来的段落中具体论述海洋探索的重大意义。由此可知，D项概括了文章主旨。［课文对译］HOWLIFEBEGANONTHEEARTHNooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang”thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombinetocreatestarsandotherbodies.Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang”，theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthbecametoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbondioxide,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth'satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimportantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface.WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpresenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan1