人教版高中英语必修五第一单元语法：过去分词作表语和定语的用法导学案(无答案)

BookVUnit1GreatscientistsPeriod3Discoveringusefillstructure导学案【学习目标】扎实掌握过去分词作表语和定语的用法。自主学习，合作探究，学会总结过去分词作表语和定语的用法的方法。以极大的热情投入语法学习中，体验学习的快乐。【重难点】过去分词作表语和定语的用法。【课前预习案】语境呈现Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopleexposedtocholera,（inspired过去分词作表语；exposed过去分词作定语）Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.（terrified过去分词作定语）Hebecameinterestedintwotheoriesthatpossiblyexplainedhowcholerakilledpeople.（interested过去分词作表语）Fromthestomachthediseasequicklyattackedthebodyandsoontheaffectedpersondied,（affected过去分词作定语）Hewasdeterminedtofindoutwhy.（determined过去分词作表语）HefoundthatitcamefromtheriverpollutedbythedirtywaterfromLondon.（polluted过去分词作定语）上面句子中的黑体词都是过去分词，句1（inspired）、句3、句5中的三个词跟在系动词became、was后作表语；而句1（exposed）、句2、句4、句6中的四个词放在名词前或后修饰名词，作定语。那么过去分词是什么？有什么作用？我们将在本单元和下两个单元中与同学们一起学习。语法讲解英语中动词如果不作谓语时叫非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为：不定式（todo）、动词-ing形式（doing）和过去分词（done）o动词-ing形式可分为现在分词和动名词:现在分词强调动作，如asleepingboy中的sleeping强调"睡觉”这一动作，而且此动作正在进行，与所修饰词boy有逻辑上的主谓关系（即sleeping的动作是boy做的），因此是现在分词作定语；而asleepingbag中的sleeping强调功能，表示"用来睡觉的”，是动名词作定语。【合作探究案】作定语过去分词作定语［例句展示］仔细观察下列句子中的过去分词的用法。Therecoveredanimalswillbereleasedsoon.Weneededmuchmorequalifiedworkers.Papercutsusedforreligiouspurposesareoftenfoundintemples.Heisateacherlovedbyhisstudents.5Thestudentdressedinwhiteismydaughter.=Thestudentwhoisdressedinwhiteismydaughter［归纳］过去分词作定语的位置单个分词放在所修饰词的（见句1、句2）,作定语要放在被修饰的名词后面，作后置定语，表示被动或完成，其作用相当于一个（见句3、句4、句5）。过去分词在语态和时态的表达过去分词在语态上表示动作,在时态上表示动作o（见句1此时，作定语的过去分词一般是由动词变来的，因为只有此类动词才有被动意义。（见句1）［拓展］（1）不及物动词的过去分词也可作定语，一般作前置定语，不表示被动意义，只强调动作完成。如：fallenleaves落叶；retiredworkers；therisensun。（2）现分和过分作定语的区别动词-ing形式作定语时与所修饰的名词之间是关系，表示动作；而过去分词作定语时，则表示或意义。如：Lookatthatrunningdog.Whoisthegirlwritingaletterthere?ThebookwrittenbyLunXunisverypopular.作表语（1）当“人”做主语时用过去分词作,表示主语的状态或思想感情等。Heseemedquitedelightedattheidea.听到这个想法，他似乎很高兴。（2）过去分词作表语不要与被动语态混为一体。分词作表语表示主语的,而被动语态则表示o比较：Myglassesarebroken.我的眼镜碎了。（状态）Myglasseswerebrokenbymyson.我的眼镜被我儿子摔碎了。（动作）小结：分词是动词的一种非谓语形式，主要起和的作用，可以作、或是等分词有两种，一种是，一种是O这两种分词在句子中能担任的成分大体相同，主要是在“意思”上有主动和被动之分。过去分词有两大特点：一是表;二是表O过去分词在句中可用作、、或等成分。过去分词在句中作某种成分时，其逻辑主语一般为该分词所表示的动作的承受者。【巩固提高案】一、用适当形式填空。Theanimalandplantsthattheyfoundtherewere(astonish)was(astonish)tolearnthathislonglostchildhadbeenfound.Thenewsmadeus(disappoint)ThemotherwenttovisitEinstein,(puzzle)Thefiercelionlooks(frighten).Keepawayfromitscageoritwillattackyou.二、单选TheEmperor'sNewClothesisantext.Allofusareaboutit.exciting;excitingB.excited;excitedC.excited;excitingD.exciting;excited—I'mverywiththedishIcooked.Itlooksniceandsmellsdelicious.一Mm.Itdoeshaveasmell.A.pleasant;pleasedB.pleased;pleasedC.pleasant;pleasantD.pleased;pleasanthavereadplentyofbooksbyLuXun.A.writtenB.wroteC.writesD.writingLilyseemsverymuchinthemagazine,butIthinkifstooexpensive.A.interestedB.interestingC.tointerestD.tobeinterestingAllthepassengersshouldremainwhentheplaneismakingalanding.A.seatB.seatingC.tobeseatingD.seatedarenowgoodcareofinthehospital.Theworkersinjured;takenTheinjuredworkers;beingtakenTheinjuredworkers;takenTheworkersinjured;beingtakenLindaworkedfortheMinnesotaManufacturingandMiningCompany,as3M.A.knowingB.knownC.beingknownD.tobeknownThedisc,digitallyinthestudio,soundedfantasticatthepartythatnight.22A.recordedB.recordingC.toberecordedD.havingrecordedDon'tusewords,expressions,orphrasesonlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.A.beingknownB.havingbeenknownC.tobeknownD.knownTheflowerssweetinthebotanicalgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.A.tosmellB.smellingC.smeltD.tobesmelt三、分别用定语从句和V-ed形式互换完成下列句子。Thequestiondiscussedwasveryimportant.二Thequestionwasveryimportant.ThebuildingwhichwasbuiltnowcollapsedintheWenchuanearthquake.=Thebuilding（去年建的楼房）nowcollapsedintheWenchuanearthquake.Thewindow（被男E个顽皮男孩打破的）isbeingrepaired=Thewindowwhichwasbrokenbythe