2021届复习梳理点拨学案Unit5NelsonMandela-amodernhero含答案

学必求其心得，业必贵于专精学必求其心得，业必贵于专精学必求其心得，业必贵于专精2021届高考一轮复习梳理点拨学案：人教版必修1Unit5NelsonMandela_amodernhero含答案Unit5NelsonMandela—amodernhero基础自主检测阅读识记Ⅰ。英译汉1.republicn.共和国；共和政体2。mankindn。人类3.feen.费(会费、学费等);酬金4.youthn.青年；青年时期5。relativen.亲戚；亲属Ⅱ。汉译英1.lawyern。律师2。stagen.舞台;阶段；时期3。blanketn。毛毯;毯子4.sentencevt.判决;宣判5。presidentn.总统；会长；校长；行长高频应用1。qualityn.质量；品质；性质2.generousadj.慷慨的;大方的3.foundvt。建立；建设4.principlen.法则；原则；原理5。votevt。＆vi6。attackvt.进攻；攻击;抨击7。escapevi.&vt。逃脱;逃走；避开8。begvi.请求；乞求9.rewardn。报酬；奖金vt。酬劳；奖赏10.opinionn.意见；看法；主张拓展变形1.mean（adj。)吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的（vt。）意味着;计划→meaning(n。）意思;含义→meaningful（adj。）严肃的；重大的；意味深长的→means(n2.active(adj.）积极的；活跃的→actively(adv。）积极地;活跃地→activity(n.)活动3。self（n。）自我；自身→selfish（adj.）自私的→selfless（adj.)无私的；忘我的→selflessly(adv.）无私地；忘我地4。devote（vt。）(与to连用）献身；专心于→devoted（adj.）忠实的；深爱的→devotion（n.)关爱；献身；奉献；忠诚5。peaceful（adj.）和平的；平静的；安宁的→peacefully（adj.)和平地→peace（n。)和平；平静；和睦6.guidance(n.)指导;领导→guide（vt.)带领，引导(n7。legal（adj。)法律的;依照法律的→illegal(反义词）(adj。)非法的；违法的8.equal(adj.)相等的;平等的→equality(n.）平等；相等→equally(adv。）同样地；相等地；公平地→unequal（adj。）不平等的；不公平的9.educate（vt.）教育；训练→educated（adj。）受过教育的；有教养的→education(n。)教育→educator(n.）教育工作者→educational（adj1。“n.＋。ful→adj."荟萃①peace→peaceful和平的②pain→painful痛苦的③harm→harmful有害的④power→powerful强大的⑤meaning→meaningful有意义的⑥cheer→cheerful欢乐的2。“奖；奖赏"汇总①rewardvt.酬劳；奖赏n。报酬；奖金②awardvt.授予；奖给n.奖品；奖金③prizen。奖金；奖品④bonusn。奖金；红利3.表“人物性格特点”正反形容词①mean吝啬的→generous慷慨的②selfish自私的→selfless无私的③self.abased自卑的→confident自信的一动词＋介/副词1。blowup使充气；爆炸2.turnto求助于；转向3.setup设立；建立4。besentencedto被判处……(徒刑）二介词＋名词5。outofwork失业6。introuble在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中7。inprison蹲监狱8.inone'sopinion/view在某人看来三其他9。asamatteroffact事实上10.bewillingtodo愿意做某事11.loseheart丧失勇气或信心12。cometopower当权;上台1。“动词＋to"短语小结①turnto求助于；转向 ②objectto反对③referto谈到;涉及;参阅 ④pointto指向⑤belongto属于 ⑥stickto坚持;忠于⑦seeto照料；料理 ⑧cometo共计；苏醒;谈到2。“outof＋n."短语荟萃①outofwork失业 ②outofcontrol失控③outofmind心不在焉④outoforder有毛病；出故障⑤outofdate过时 ⑥outofplace不适当3.“in＋n."短语一览①introuble在困境中 ②indanger处于危险中③inreturn作为回报 ④indetail详细地⑤inorder井然有序 ⑥inplace在适当的位置⑦invain徒劳地 ⑧inpeace平静地1.在“thefirst(＋n。/pron。）＋todo"结构中，不定式作后置定语Hewasthefirstmantolandonthemoon（第一位登上月球的人）inJuly1969。（教材P33）2.Thiswasatimewhen。。.“这是一个……的时期”However,thiswasatimewhen(这是一个……的时期）onehadgottohaveapassbooktoliveinJohannesburg.(教材P34)3.stage表示抽象的地点时,常接where引导的定语从句Thelastthirtyyearshaveseenthegreatestnumberoflawsstoppingourrightsandprogress,untiltodaywehavereachedastagewhere（……的阶段)wehavealmostnorightsatall。（教材P34)4。only加状语置于句首，后面的句子要部分倒装onlythendidwedecideto（直到那时我们才决定)answerviolencewithviolence。(教材P34）5。thefirsttime引导时间状语从句IfeltbadthefirsttimeItalkedtoagroup(我第一次给旅行团作讲解时)．(教材P38)单句语法填空1。He(found）thefirstRepublicinChinain1911aftermanyyears'fighting。答案：founded2.ThetimeIfirstmetNelsonMandelawasaverydifficultperiodofmylife。答案:when3.Heoffered(guide)topoorblackpeopleontheirlegalproblems。答案：guidance4.Hewasgeneroushistime,whichIwasgrateful.答案：with;for5.Wewereputintoapositionwehadeithertoacceptwewerelessimportant,fightthegovernment.答案:where；or6。Wefirstbrokethelawinawaywaspeaceful。答案：which/that7.Wereadbooksunderourblanketsandusedanythingwecouldfind(make）candlestoseethewords.答案：tomake8.Hesaidtheyshouldnot（stop)fromstudyingfortheirdegrees。答案：bestopped9.SinceIwasbettereducated，I(get）ajobworkinginanoffice。答案：got10.Irememberedthebeatingsandthe（cruel）oftheguardsandmyfriendswhohaddied.答案：cruelty考点步步冲关1devotevt。（与to连用）献身;专心于Agreatpersonissomeonewhodevoteshis/herlifetohelpingothers.(P33）伟人是把一生致力于帮助别人的人.(1)devoteoneselfto献身于；致力于;专心于devote...to.。.把……奉献于……(2）devotedadj.忠实的；深爱的bedevotedto深爱；致力于(3）devotionn。关爱;关照；奉献；忠诚［名师点津]在短语devote...to。.。中，to为介词,其后接名词或动名词，类似短语还包括:lookforwardto期盼;getdownto开始着手做；be/getusedto习惯于；be/getaccustomedto习惯于；leadto导致；payattentionto注意；objectto反对;beaddictedto对……上瘾;contributeto有助于,促进；adaptto适应;beattachedto喜欢,附属于；stickto坚持;beopposedto反对；adjustto适应即时练1单句语法填空①(2017·天津高考）IfeelthatI’vebeengivenasecondlifetodevotesomethingthatismeaningfulandenormous.②（2016·北京高考）Neighborsdevotedtheirsparetimeto（help)othersrebuild.③（devote)tohisresearch,hehasnotimetospendaweekendwithhisfamily。答案：①to②helping③Devoted单句写作--句式升级④她专心练习了十年，成为世界上最好的长距离游泳运动员之一。a．普通表达：andbecameoneoftheworld’sbestlong.distanceswimmers.b．高级表达：，shebecameoneoftheworld'sbestlong­distanceswimmers.(现在分词短语作原因状语）c．高级表达:，shebecameoneoftheworld’sbestlong­distanceswimmers。（过去分词短语作原因状语)答案：a。Shedevotedherselftopracticingfortenyearsb．Devotingherselftopracticingfortenyearsc．Devotedtopracticingfortenyears2escapevi。＆vt。逃脱；逃走;避开Itwasaprisonfromwhichnooneescaped.(P38)那是一座任何人都逃不出去的监狱。(1)escapedoingsth.逃避做某事escapefrom从……逃脱/逃避escapeone’sattention/notice逃避某人的注意（2）fireescape太平梯;安全梯；安全出口anarrowescape九死一生(3）escapedadj。逃跑了的即时练2单句语法填空①Itissaidthathenarrowlyescaped（kill)inthetrafficaccidenttheotherday.②Heescapedprisonthismorning。③Comparedwiththe(escape）driver，IamproudofwhatIdid.答案：①beingkilled②from③escaped3rewardn．&vt.报酬;奖金；酬劳；奖赏TheysaidthatthejobandthepayfromthenewSouthAfricangovernmentweremyrewardafterworkingallmylifeforequalrightsfortheBlacks。(P38)他们说,从南非新政府得到的这份工作和薪水,是我毕生为争取黑人的平等权利而斗争所得到的回报.(1）asarewardfor作为(对某事的)报酬/奖赏get/receivereward获得回报inreward（for..。)作为(对……的)报答/奖赏（2）rewardsb。forsth./doingsth。为(做）某事而报答/奖赏某人rewardsb.withsth.用某物奖赏某人（3)rewardingadj.值得的；有益的;有回报的即时练3单句语法填空①Herewardedtheboy＄10bringingbackthelostdog。②Whenaskedforhisviewsabouthisteachingjob，Philipsaidhefounditveryinterestingand(reward）．③EveryonewhoreachedthetopofMountTai（reward）withamagnificentview.答案：①with;for②rewarding③wasrewarded1introuble在危险/受罚/痛苦/忧虑等的处境中教材原句EliaswenttoseeNelsonMandelawhenhewasintrouble。（P35)伊莱亚斯遇到麻烦时去见纳尔逊·曼德拉。getintotrouble陷入困境；惹麻烦o/outoftrouble使某人陷入/摆脱困境havetrouble/difficultyeq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(indoingsth。，withsth。））做某事有困难askfortrouble自找麻烦；自讨苦吃take(the)troubletodosth.费力/不辞辛苦地做某事（也可根据语境在trouble前加上alotof/alittle/great等)即时练1单句语法填空①Theyaretakingalotoftrouble（find）therightpersonfortherightjob。②Youcan'timaginethetroubleIhad（persuade)himtochangehismind.③Pleasedon'thesitatetoturntousforhelpwheneveryouhavetroubleyourstudy.答案：①tofind②persuading③with单句改错④Ifyouareinthetrouble,Mikeisalwayswillingtolendahand.答案：去掉the2turnto求助于；转向教材原句WhydidNelsonMandelaturntoviolencetomakeblackandwhitepeopleequal？（P35)为什么纳尔逊·曼德拉使用暴力以使黑人和白人平等呢?（1）turndown拒绝;调小turnoff/on关掉/打开turnout证明是;结果是；生产turn(.。。）into（使……)变成turnover翻页；移交；使翻转turnup露面；突然出现；开大（2）inturn依次；轮流taketurnstodo/doingsth。轮流做某事即时练2写出下列句中turnto的含义①Followthemainroaduntilitbranchesandthenturntotheleft.②Whileintrouble，youcanturntoherforhelp。③Ifyouturntopage40，youwillfindit.④Afterheleftuniversityhebecameateacher，butlaterturnedtojournalism.答案：①转向②求助于③翻到④开始从事根据语境用适当的介副词填空Thismorning,mygrandmotherturned⑤theradiotolistentothenewsasusual.Shefeltshecouldnothearclearly。Sosheturnedit⑥.Butitwasnouse.Shehadtoturn⑦myfatherforhelp。Isawmyfatherturned⑧theradioandturnedit⑨toseewhatwaswrong。Itturned⑩thatthebuttondidnotworkanymore。Myfatherrepaireditandtoldmygrandmothertoturn⑪theradio，fortheneighbor'slittlebabywasasleepatthetime。答案:⑤on⑥up⑦to⑧off⑨over⑩out⑪down3loseheart丧失勇气或信心;灰心；泄气教材原句Thescientistfromwhomweheardthegoodnewsneverlostheartwhenhewasintrouble.（P37)即使身处困境，这个科学家也从不灰心，我们正是从他那里得到的好消息。loseone’shearttosb.爱上某人putone'sheartinto一心扑在……上learnsth。byheart背诵；记牢……oone'sheart使……刻骨铭心openyourhearttosb.向某人敞开心扉；倾诉衷肠heartandsoul全心全意fromthebottomofone’sheart从某人的心底；真心实意地[名师点津］短语loseheart中heart前不能有任何修饰、限定成分，heart也不用复数形式。即时练3单句写作①在面对困难的时候我们不应该丧失勇气，如果我们努力，我们就会找到出路.Weshouldnotinfaceofdifficulties。Ifweworkhard，wewillfindawayout。②事实上,世上无难事，只怕有心人。Asamatteroffact,nothingistoodifficultifyou.③我从心底感谢你的慷慨捐赠。Thankyouforyourgenerousdonations.答案：①loseheart②putyourheartintoit③fromthebottomofmyheart1Thelastthirtyyearshaveseenthegreatestnumberoflawsstoppingourrightsandprogress,untiltodaywehavereachedastagewherewehavealmostnorightsatall。（P34）翻译过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步,一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。（1）see表示“经历，发生”。see,find,witness等一些动词,可以用地点或时间名词作主语，表示某地或某时“经历、发生、目睹”了某事。该句是一个无生命的名词作主语的句式。(2)where引导定语从句,修饰先行词stage。当先行词是stage,situation，case，position，point，family等词，且从句中不缺少主语和宾语时，将以上词看作抽象地点，因而关系词常为inwhich或where。[名师点津]occasion作先行词，且从句中不缺主语和宾语时，若意为“时刻”,则选用关系副词when;若意为“场合”，则选用关系副词where.即时练1单句语法填空①Theoldtemple(see)greatchangesofthevillageinthepasttwohundredyears.②Thelastthirtyyears(witness)alargenumberoflawsguaranteeingusourrights.答案：①hasseen②havewitnessed单句写作③这一项目旨在使孩子们进入“深度阅读”的阶段，在这一阶段他们可以为了学习而读书。Theprojectaimstogetkidstoastagecalled“deepreading”，.④销售经理这一职位,将交流能力与销售技能看得同等重要.Salesdirectorisaisjustasimportantassalesskills。⑤你可能遇上一种情况，使你不得不立刻作出决定。Youcouldgetintoaimmediately。答案：③where/inwhichtheycanreadtolearn④positionwhere/inwhichcommunicationability⑤situationwhere/inwhichyouhavetomakeadecision2。。。onlythendidwedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence.(P34）翻译……只有到这个时候,我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。only放在句首修饰状语（通常是副词、介词短语或状语从句等)时,句子需要部分倒装。(1)“only＋从句”放在句首时，倒装的是主句,从句不倒装。(2）only放在句首修饰主语时不用倒装。即时练2单句写作①只有当他告诉我这个消息时，我才知道了真相。Onlywhenhetoldmeaboutthenews。②只有用这种方式我们才能生活在更舒服更美好的环境中。inmorecomfortableandbeautifulsurroundings.③只有那些接受这个现实的人才能过上真正充实的生活。Onlythosethisrealityareallyfulllife.答案：①didIknowthetruth②Onlyinthiswaycanwelive③whoaccept;canlead/live3IfeltbadthefirsttimeItalkedtoagroup.（P38)翻译我第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很不好。(1）名词短语作连词，引导时间状语从句的有:eq\b\lc\\rc\｝(\a\vs4\al\co1（themoment,theminute,theinstant,thesecond))＝assoonas一……就……（2)eq\b\lc\{\rc\（\a\vs4\al\co1(everytime每次/回,eachtime每当，nexttime下次,anytime在任何时间，thelasttime最后一次)）（3)有些副词也可充当连词,引导时间状语从句,如：instantly，immediately，directly等，相当于assoonas。（4）hardly/scarcely。.。when。.。以及nosooner。。.than。。.意为“一……就……"，从句常用一般过去时,主句用过去完成时，且hardly/scarcely/nosooner位于句首时，要用部分倒装.［名师点津]要注意thefirsttime与forthefirsttime的区别：thefirsttime用作连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“当第一次……的时候”；而forthefirsttime是介词短语，只能用作状语，不可用来引导状语从句，意为“第一次”。即时练3单句语法填空①Becareful!Themachinestartsmomentyoupressthebutton。②HardlyhadIgottotheofficemywifephonedmetogobackhomeatonce.③Mymomdidn'twaitamoment,butcame（direct)shereceivedmycall。④The(one）timeIinterviewedhim,helookedabitnervous。答案：①the②when③directly④first定语从句(Ⅱ）定语从句除了由关系代词引导外,还可由关系副词when，where,why引导，它们在从句中作状语.关系副词用法when其先行词常常是表示时间的名词，如：time,day，hour，year等，when代替先行词在从句中作时间状语where其先行词往往是表示地点的名词,如：place，room，house,street，area等，where在从句中代替先行词作地点状语why常用在先行词reason后,代替先行词在从句中作原因状语，也可用forwhich来代替[重点提示］选择关系副词作关系词的原则是:从句中不缺少主语或宾语,然后根据先行词表示的时间，地点和原因来确定是使用when,where还是why.即时练Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Lastyear，Ispentallmytimelookingforajob，withoutdealingwiththepublic，Icouldworkalone，butstillhaveateamtotalkto。答案：where2．Idon'tknowthereasonyouwereabsentfromthemeetingandI'msurethatsomeonewilltellmethereasonyouhaven'ttoldme。答案：why;which/that3．Wewentthroughaperiodcommunicationswereverydifficultintheruralareas。答案：when4．Everyonewillgothroughlife’sstagesofupsanddowns，self。respectplaysakeyroleinthematurityofaperson。答案：where5．TheyellowhousewindowsfacesouthistheplaceIspentmychildhood。答案：whose；whereⅡ。单句改错1．Thedeskyouhaveputsomanybooksismine.答案：desk后加where2．Thisisthereasonwhyheexplainedforhisbeinglateforschool。答案：why→which/that3．Nextmonth，whichyouwillspendyourholidayinyourtown，isapproaching.答案：which→when4．Thehousethathelivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown。答案：that→where5．ThereusedtobeatimeduringwhentheChinesepeoplestruggledforfreedom.答案:when→which基础达标演练Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Itdoesseriousharmtochildren'scharacterthattoomuch(violent）isshownonTV。答案：violence2．Encouragedbymyteacher，Iamvery（hope)aboutmyfuture。答案：hopeful3．Yourteachercangiveyou(guide）onchoosingacareerandwritingajobapplication。答案：guidance4．Itshockedhertohearthathergoodfriend（attack)withcancer.答案:wasattacked5．Theconflictbetweenthetwosidescanbesettledina(peace）way.答案:peaceful6．Iamthefirst（arrive),andsheisthesecond.答案:toarrive7．Only(educate）peoplecanhaveagoodunderstandingofthelecturegivenbythescientist。答案：educated8．Thecompany（found)in1996isoneofthenewhigh。techcompanies。答案：founded9．Maggiethoughtitwas（fair)thatwomenwerenotallowedtoreceiveeducation。答案：unfair10．Themanshouldbecondemnedforhis（cruel)tohiswife。答案：crueltyⅡ.单句改错1．Thoughbeatenbytheoppositeteamtheydidn’tlosetheirheart.答案：去掉their2．Thechildrenweresoexcitedtobetakenaboardthefirsttime。答案：aboard后加for3．Shestartedsingingtothebabyandwasrewardedtoasmile.答案：第二个to→with4．Thetimehehasdevotedinthepasttenyearstohelpthedisabledisnowconsideredtobeofgreatvalue.答案：help→helping5．Thiswasatimewhichtherewerenoradios,notelephonesornoTVsets。