2023年高等教育自学考试英语国家概况试卷

绝密★考试结束前２023年１0月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语国家概况试卷(课程代码0０522)本试卷共8页，满分ｌ0０分，考试时间ｌ５０分钟。考生答题注意事项:1.本卷所有试题必须在答题卡上作答。答在试卷上无效,试卷空白处和背面均可作草稿纸。2.第一部分为选择题。必须相应试卷上的题号使用2Ｂ铅笔将“答题卡”的相应代码涂黑。3.第二部分为非选择题。必须注明大、小题号，使用0.5毫米黑色笔迹签字笔作答。４．合理安排答题空阀,超过答题区域无效。第一部分选择题ⅠMULTIPLECHＯICEReaｄthｅfollｏwiｎｇunfiｎｉsｈedstaｔeｍeｎｔorｑuｅstionscａrefully．Foreachunｆinisｈeｄsｔatｅmｅｎtorqueｓtｉon,fouｒsｕggesteｄansｗｅrsｍarkedA,B，ＣａnｄＤaregiｖen.Cｈoosｅtheonethａtyoｕｔhinkｂesｔcoｍｐletesｔhｅstaｔｅmentoranｓwersｔhｅｑuｅsｔiｏｎ.BlackｅｎthelｅtterofｔheaｎｓｗｅryｏuhavechｏsｅnｉnthecoｒrespｏndｉngｓpａceｏntheAnsｗｅrSｈeｅt.(５0pｏｉnts，1pointeach)1.TｈeVikｉngs,whocamefｒom,ａtａckｅdcarioｕｓpartｓofＥngｌandｆrｏｍthｅendofthｅ8ｔhｃentury.A.NorｗａｙB.FｒanceC.GeｒmaｎyD．Ｄenmａrk2.ＴheCeltsｂegaｎtoarｒivｅatBｒiｔaｉnaroundａndkeptcomiｎｇｕntiltｈｅaｒriｃalｏftheＲｏｍans．A.600BＣB.６００ADC.7００BCD.70０ＡD3.AｍonｇｔheBｒistiｓhkings，wasknownas“thｅconｆeｓsoｒ”becａusｅofhiｓreｌigｉousｐiety.A.HenrｙⅡＢ.KingＡlfｒeｄC.KingHaｒoldＤ.KingＥｄｗａrd4.TheＤomeｓｄaｙBoｏkｓtatesallthefoｌlowingEXＣEPT．Ａ.thｅhistoｒyoftｈｅｌandB．theoｗnｅrshipoftheｌandC.thｅvalueofｔhelａｎdＤ.ｔheextentofthelａnｄ5．ＴｈｅspirｉtofＭagnaCartaｗａs.A.theinｃreasingoｆｔhepｏｗeｒsofserfsB.ｔhｅlimiｔａｔionofｔheｐoweｒｓoｆtheｋinｇＣ.theｉｎｃrｅａsｉngoftｈeｐoｗersofｔheＣhurｃh.D.thelimitaｔionｏfｔhepowersoftheChurｃh．6.ThｅcａusesoftｈeHｕｎdrｅdYｅaｒs’sWarｗasｐａrtｌｙandpａｒtｌyeconomiｃ.A.racialB.polｉｔicaｌC．rｅlｉｇioｕsD.ｔｅrritoriａl7.InＢrｉtishhisｔory，theFirsｔCiviｌWarbroｋeoｕtiｎ.Ａ.1640Ｂ.１6４2C.1６45D．164９8.ThｅｍａiｎｃausesｆｏrHenryⅧ’sreｌigiｏuｓｒeformoｆtheChuｒchｗeｒethefollowｉngEXCEPT.Ａ．presｓuｒefｒomtｈepoｐeB.Henｒy’sｎeedfoｒmoｎｅyC.ａｃcｕmuｌaｔeｄdeｓｉrｅｆorchanｇeandｒefoｒmiｎthｅＣhuｒchD.ｐublｉｃｒesentｍenｔfortｈeｐrｉｃvilegeａｎdwｅaｌtｈoftheｃlergy9.waｓtｈｅonlｙmonarchthaｔwａｓcondemneｄtodeatｈandexecｕtｅdｉnBriｔishhｉstorｙ.A.CharｌｅｓⅠB.ＣhａrlｅsⅡＣ.JamesⅠD.JameｓⅡ10．Agoodresultoftheａrｇricultｕrａlｅnｃlｏsurewastｈaｔ.A.ｒｅnanｔｓwerｅeｃicredfromtheirlａnds.B.riotsｅrｕptｅdiｎmａnyarｅasｗheｒetheｐeａｓａnｔfａrmeｒsweｎtC．anewclaｓshｏstilityｗａsiｎtrｏduｃｅｄiｎtｏturalｒelationshｉosD．fａrmsbecaｍebｉggeraｎdbiggeｒunｉtｓasthegｒｅａｔｂoughtuｐthesｍａlｌ11．ＴheInｄustrｉalRevｏlutiｏnrefｅrstotｈemeｃｈaniｚaｔｉoｎofindustryandthｅconｓequenｔｃhangesinｓｏｃｉａlaｎdeconomicorganiｚatｉoｎinBｒitａｉｎintｈe.A．late1６thｃentｕｒｙａnｄeａｒｌｙ17ｔhceｎtｕrｙB.ｌａte1７thcｅntuｒyａndeａrｌｙ1８ｔhｃenｔuryC．ｌａｔｅ１8thcentuｒｙａndearlｙ１９ｔhcenｔuryD.late19ｔｈcｅntuｒyandearlｙ２0tｈｃenｔury１２.WhichoftｈｅfollｏwingisTRUEaboｕtBritａiｎiｎWorldWaｒⅡ？A．Ｉtlｏstａllherｎａｔonalwｅaltｈ.B.Itwaｓlefｔgravelyimpoverishｅｄ.Ｃ.Ｉtdeｖｏｔedｈａlfｏfｈeｒｓtreｎgtｈtｏthｅｗar.D.Ｉtenteredａpｅriodofeｃonomiｃanｄfinaｎcｉａｌbｏom.１3.,whofoｕnｄthathispｏliｃyoｆaｐpeasｅmentofGermanａggｒessioｎwasnolongertenable,waｓｆｏrｃedｔｏdｅcｌaｒｅwaｒonGermａnyonSeteｍber3,１93９．A．ＣhurchillB.GeorgｅⅥＣ．ChaｍｂerlainD．ElizabethⅡ１4．InJaｎuaｒy1973，Britａinfiｎaｌlybecausｅaｆｕllmemｂeｒoftｈe.A.CoｍmonweaｌthB．ＥurｏpeanＥconomｉcCｏmｍｕnityC.NｏrｔhAtlanticＴreatyＯrgａniｚationD.ＯｒganizationｏｆPｅtｒolｅｕmExｐortiongＣountriｅs15.ＴheinteｒvalbｅtweenGｅｎeｒalEｌectioｎsinthｅＵ．K．iｓｙears.A.2Ｂ.4Ｃ.5D.8１６.ThｅtwoｍａjｏrpartiesｉnBritainsinｃe１9４5are.Ａ.theWｈｉgPartyanｄtｈｅToryPartyB.thｅLａborPａｒtyandtｈeLibeｒalＰarｔｙ.C．ｔheLabｏrPaｒｔyandthｅCoｎｓervatｉvｅＰａｒｔy．D.theConｓｅrvativｅPａrｔyanｄtheLiberalParty17.ＩntｈeU．K．,goveｒnmｅntｍｉnisｔeｒsａrereｓponsibｌecollectivｅｌytoforallＣabinetｄecisions.A.thｅQueenB．tｈePａrliamentC.thePrivyCouｎｃilＤ．thePrimｅＭｉnisteｒ1８．ＩnBrｉtaiｎ,isthelａrgｅsｔoftheFｒｅeCｈｕｒches，origｉnateｄinthe１8thcenturｙfｏlloｗingthｅevangelicalrevｉｖaｌuｎderＪohnWesley（170３－１791).Ａ.ｔｈeMeｔhodiｓtChuｒchB.theBaｐtistChuｒｃhD．thｅCｈurｃｈｏｆEnｇｌandD.ｔheＣhurcｈoｆScotｌanｄ19.WhiｃhofthefｏllowinｇisNOTafｅaｔuｒeoftheＯｐｅnUnivｅrｓity?A．Itｉｓanｏｎ-ｒeｓidentｉalｕnivｅrｓitｙ.B.Itｉｓoｐentoａlｌtobｅcomesｔｕｄents.C．ItadmitｓstuｄentsonｌyfromＢriｔａin.D.Itofｆeｒsｄｅgreeanｄotｈercourｓｅsforaｄulｔstudentｓoｆallages.20.，thｅmｏｓｔｐoｐulａrspｏrtinＥngｌandaswellasinEurｏpe,hasiｔｓtｒａditionaｌhomeinEnglaｎd．Ａ.GoｌfB.FootballC.CriｃｋeｔＤ．bａsketｂall21．Ｉntｈelａte15thcｅnturｙ,supportedｂｙtheSpaniｓhQｕeen,ＣhｒistoｐherCoｌｕmbus,，diｓcｏｖerｅdtheNeｗＷｏrld.A.anＩｔaliaｎnavigatｏrB.aDaｎishnaｖiｇatorC.aｎEnglｉｓhnavigatorD.aPｏrtuguesenavigatｏｒ22.OnｅofthｅfｅatuｒｅｓｏftheearｌycolｏnistswhｉchplayaroleintｈefｏrmatiｏnofＡmeriｃaｎｃｈaracteｒｉｓ.A.reｌigiｏｕsintoｌｅｒａncｅB．rｅspectoｆindividualｒigｈtsC．sｔｒongfｏrmｏfgovernｍentD．dｉscｏurageｍentofindividualenteｒprise2３．InＳeptｅｍber178３,wassignedanｄＢrｉtainｒecognizｅdtheｉndepenｄenｃｅoｆtheUnitedStatｅs．Ａ．ｔheArtｉcｌｅsofＣｏｎｆederatioｎＢ.theBilloｆRighｔsC.theＤeclaratｉonofiｎdependeｎcｅD.theTrｅatyofPａris24.TｈeＡｒtｉclesｏfｃonfeｄratｉｏnwaｓｖeryimportａnｔinalltheｆolｌowingＥxｃｅｐttｈat.A.itpｒｏvidedforｎｏｋinｇ.B.itdecｌａreｄiｎｄeｐenｄencefｒｏmGｒeaｔＢｒiｔａｉn.C.ｉtｗasaｗritteｎconsｔｉｔutioｎｆortheUnitedSｔａtes．D.itｃｒeａteｄaｃeｎtralgovernmｅnｔintｈeｆｏｒmｏfaCongｒess.25．TheAｍｅricanCivilＷarbrｏｋeoutｍainlｙｂｅcause.A.AbｂｒaｈａｍLincolnwａselｅctedpｒesidenｔB.HarrierBｅｅchｅrStｏwｅ’ｓＵncｌeTom’ｓＣａｂｉnｗａspuｂｌishedC．tｈeｓoｕthｅrnｓtateｓconｔrolｌedland,rawｍaterialsａndlａboｒthａtheＮoｒｔhnｅededＤ.theｓｏutheｒnsｔatｅsbrokeawayfｒoｍｔheUｎionanｄｆormeｄｔheＣonfedeｒateStateoｆＡｍerica２6.OnAugｕst４,19１4,AmericanPresidenｔiｓｓuｅdaｎofficialｓtａtementｐroclaimｉｎgＡmericaｎneｕtｒalityinｔheＦirｓｔＷｏrｌdＷａr.A．ＨａｒｒｙTrｕmanB.TheodoｒｅRooｓevｅltＣ.WoｏdrowWilsoｎＤ.FranｋlｉnD.Roｏｓｅvelt27.IntheU.S.，ｔｈｅfirｓtblowtothesｔoｃkmarkｅtｃａｍeonOctｏbｅr24,１929,whiｃhwaｓcaｌlｅd．A.thｅblackMｏndaｙB.theblackFridａyC.theblackTｈｕrsdayD．theblackTuｅsday28.TheａｉmofPresｉｄentRooｓｅvelｔ’sNeｗDealｗａsｔｏ.Ａ．aboliｓhsocｉalsecuｒitysysteｍsB.reduｃeｇovernｍｅntｒeｇuｌａtiｏnandcontｒolC．ｄiscograｇｅinｄusｔriesfromdecelopｉngtoｏfaｓtD.“saveＡmeriｃanｄeｍoｃracy”aｓthｅhimselfputit29.TｈeＡｍｅrｉcaｎｃontａinｍentｐｏｌicyｔoｗaｒdstheSovietUｎion,mａdebｙPresiｄeｎtTrumanin1949，ｌaｓtｅduntil.A.1９75Ｂ．1989C.1991D.1998３0.waｓtｈｅrｅsulｔoｆｓｔrｕggleｂetｗｅｅntｈegｒeａtpoweｒsforcontroｌoftheｗｏrｌdaｎdmiliｔaryeｘpaｎsｉonｏftｈｅcｏunｔriｅｓofＮaziGerｍaｎｙ，FaｓｃistItａｌyaｎdmilitaｒistJapan.A.ＴheColdWaｒB.ThｅKorｅａnWaｒC.TheFirstWorｌｄWａｒD.ＴｈeSeｃｏndWorｌdWａr3１.wasＮOTaｃｏｍeｒｓtｏneofthepostwarAmericanEconｏmｉcboom.A.IncｒeaｓinginveｓtmeｎｔｉnagricｕltureB.Anevｅr-ｉncreａｓingmilitaｒysｐｅndiｎｇC.AutｏmobileｍanufactuｒinｇforthｅgｒｏwingｎｅwcoｍmunｉtiesD．Ａconstrｕｃtionｂooｍtoproｖｉdehｏusｅｓandｓchｏoｌｓｆｏralｌchildren3２.IｎFｅberuary1９72,PresｉdｅnｔvｉｓitｅｄCｈｉｎａandmeｔCｈaｉrmaｎＭaoaｎdtｈeｔwocouｔntｒiｅｓｉssｕedtheSｈaｎghａｉＣomｍｕnｉｑｕｅ.Ａ．ＮiｘonB.CartｅrC.FordD.Rｅagaｎ33.IntheｐostwaryeaｒstheUｎitedＳtateｓcｏｎｔinｕedtoｅmphasizｅgovｅrnmeｎtinvolｖemｅntandadopteｄtheiｎｒunnｉngtｈeeｃonomy．A．KeyｎesiantｈeｏryＢ.MarｘistｔheｏryC．ＴruｍanDoｃtrineＤ.Moneｔaristpoｌｉcｉeｓ3４.Apａrtfｒomｔhestaｇｎaｔiｏn,theＡmericanecoｎomyiｓnｏwfａcｉｎganoｔｈｅrprobleｍoｆ.A.ｆoreiｇnｄeｂtsanｄtraｄedeｆｉciｔＢ.fｏreｉｇnｄebtsandtｒadesurpｌusC．overproｄuctionａndｔraｄedeｆicitD.ovｅrprｏｄuctionandtrａdeｓurpｌuｓ35.TｈeｔhreegiaｎtsinautｏinｄｕｓtrｙiｎｔheU．S．aｒe．Ａ.GenｅrａlMotors,Foｔors，Ford,CｈｒysｌｅrＢ.GｅｎeralMｏｔors，Tｏyｏta,ChrslｅrC．ＧeｎeralMoｔors,Ｎisｓan,ＣｈryｓlerD．ＧenｅralMotors,Vｏｌkｓwagen,Chrysler３6.Accorｄinｇｔothｅｐｒovｉsionsforｃonｓtitutiｏnａlaｍｅnｄmｅｎｔ,tｈeCongreｓsmaｙinitiatｅａnamendmentbyavoteinｅaｃhhouｓe.Ａ.hａｌｆB．ｏｎe-thirdC.ｔwo－tｈiｒdｓD.thrｅe-fourtｈｓ37.Inorｄeｒtｏbesuccｅssｆuｌ，aｃａｎdｉｄateｆｏrｔheU.Ｓ.Ｐreｓidenｃymuｓtrｅcｅｉｖeatlｅaｓteｃectoｒalvｏtes.Ａ.200Ｂ．27０C.435D.5３838.Ｔheａｍbasｓadｏrs,ｍｉnisｔｅrsaｎdcoｎsuｌｓaｐpointedｂytｈeＵ．S.Ｐrｉdｅntmuｓtbｅconfirmｅdbyｔhe.A.SenateB.ＨouseC．SｕpｒemeＣourtD.StａteDepａｒtmｅnt39.WhiｃｈsｔatemｅntaｂoｕttheAmericaｎpolitiｃalpａrtieｓinＮOTｔrue?A.Ｉｎgeｎeｒal,Ａmeｒicahasａｔｗo－paｒtyｓysteｍ.B.ThｅConｓtitutiｏnmakesnoｐrovisｉｏnｓforpoｌiticalｐaｒties.C.ＰｏliｔiｃalparｔiesaretｈｅｂasｉsofｔheＡｍｅrｉｃａnｐｏliｔicalsyｓtem.Ｄ.TｈｅDemoｃｒatsａndthｅRｅpuｂｌicaｎｓdoｍiｎatｅpoｌitiｃsonlｙattｈefｅｄeralｌevel．４０．weretｈoseAmeriｃanｗriｔeｒｓwhorepｏrteｄtruthfullyanｄobｊｅｃtiｖelythelifeintheslｕmsiｎtｈeｌastｄecａｄeｓｏfｔhe１9ｔｈcenturyａndfiｒstｄｅcaｄeoｆthe20thcenｔuｒｙ．Ａ.RealistsB.ＮａｔrａlisｔsC．ｔｒanscｅnｄenｔalistｓＤ．Moｄemists4１.ThePrａirieＰrｏvincｅswhicｈｌｉewｅstofＯntariｏareideaｌforaｎdaretｈinｌｙsｅttled.A.fishiｎgB.ｍinｉnｇC.tourismD．gｒoｗingwheat42．AfterｔhｅSｅvｅｎＹeａｒs’Warfrom1756ｔo176３,tｈeFrｅnｃhwerｅforｃedtoｇiveuｐOfCａnadatoBritain.A.ｐartsB.ｔｈeeａstC.ｔｈewholeD.ｔhenorthwest43．ＢytｈeStaｔuteofＷestmiｎsterin1931,Ｃanａｄａ.A.tｏokＮewfoｕnｄｌandasitsteｎtｈpｒovincｅB.beｃameａｍemｂeroftheCommonweａｌｔｈｏfNａｔionsC.ｆounｄｒiｃhoildiｅldsiｎAlbｅｒｔaaｎdoｔheｒｗesteｒｎproｃｉncesＤ.opｅnedｔheSt.LawrｅnceSeaｗayforｆurｔhergｒowthｉｎeconｏｍy44．In１９21theBｒitｉｓhsｉgneｄtheAｎglo-IriｓｈTrｅatｙto.A.startａcivｉlｗarB.keepIrｅlanｄｏutoｆWorlｄWarⅡＣ.fｏunｄtheIｒishRepｕblｉcanAｒmyD.establishanIｒｉsｈＦｒeeStateinNoｒtｈernＩreland45.ＨｅnryⅧwasthefirstkｉnｇtｏｂringallunderEnglishcoｎtroｌ．A.WａlesB.EuroｐｅＣ.IrｅlａｎdＤ.Sｃoｔlaｎｄ46.MｏｓｔofＡｕｓtralialｉesbｅｔｗｅeｎ20℃and35℃whｉcｈisaareａinthｅwｏrld.A.ｈｏtａｎdwetB.hotａnddryC.ｄｒyａndwｉndyD.drｙandsunnｙ4７.InＡusｔraliａ,traffｉcdrivesontheofthｅｒｏaｄ.A.sｉngleｌinｅB．miｄｄlｅC.righｔｓiｄeD.lｅftｓiｄｅ４8.IｎAusｔralia,ａsｐeｏpleｗiｔｈｄiｆfeｒenttrａｄitionsandcｕstomsｉｎteractｗitheachothｅr,aｐecuｌiａrblendｏfｄifｆereｎtwｉｌlbeeｍerginｇ.Ａ．pｏｌｉticsB.ｓocｉeｔｉｅsC.ｃultｕrｅsD.pｈiloｓophieｓ49．TheＬaｋeofTａupoｗaｓformedbya(ｎ）．A.bigtsuｎaｍiＢ.ｈｏrrｉbleflｏodC.terrｉbleｅａrthqｕａｋeD.ｅnｏrｍousvolcanicｅｒuptioｎ50.Sinｃe,eａrthqｕakeｓinＮeｗZeaｌaｎdｄｏｎotusuallycausemａnyｄeaｔhs．A.thelandishｉllyＢ.ｔhｅｒearemaｎｙmｏuntainlakesC．maｎyａｒeaｓｏftｈecｏunｔｒyaｒｅｎotｈeavilyｐoｐulatｅdD.theｃentｒaｌplateauｉnNorｔhＩｓlandisdoｍi