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2023年6月四级试题PartII
ﻩﻩ ﻩﻩReadingComprehension
ﻩ (35minutes)PassageOneQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
Onaverage,Americankidsages3to12spent29hoursaweekinschool,eighthoursmorethantheydidin1981.Theyalsodidmorehouseholdworkandparticipatedinmoreofsuchorganizedactivitiesassoccerandballet(芭蕾舞).Involvementinsports,inparticular,rosealmost50%from1981to1997:boysnowspendanaverageoffourhoursaweekplayingsports;girlsloghalfthattime.Allinall,however,children’sleisuretimedroppedfrom40%ofthedayin1981to25%.
“Childrenareaffectedbythesametimecrunch(危机)thataffectstheirparents,”saysSandraHofferth,whoheadedtherecentstudyofchildren’stimetable.Achiefreason,shesays,isthatmoremothersareworkingoutsidethehome.(Nevertheless,childreninbothdouble-incomeand“malebreadwinner”householdsspentcomparablemountsoftimeinteractingwiththeirparents,19hoursand22hoursrespectively.Incontrast,childrenspentonly9hourswiththeirsinglemothers.)
Allworkandnoplaycouldmakeforsomeverymessed-upkids.“Playisthemostpowerfulwayachildexplorestheworldandlearnsabouthimself,”saysT.BerryBrazelton,professoratHarvardMedical
Thechildrensampledspentaquarteroftheirrapidlydecreasing“freetime”watchingtelevision.Butthat,believeitornot,wasoneofthefindingsparentsmightregardasgoodnews.Ifthey’respendinglesstimeinfrontoftheTVset,however,kidsaren’treplacingitwithreading.Despiteeffortstogetkidsmoreinterestedinbooks,thechildrenspentjustoveranhouraweekreading.Let’sfaceit,who’sgotthetime?21.
Bymentioning“thesametimecrunch”(Line1,Para.2)SandraHofferthmeans________.
A)childrenhavelittletimetoplaywiththeirparents
B)childrenarenottakengoodcareofbytheirworkingparents
C)bothparentsandchildrensufferfromlackofleisuretime
D)bothparentsandchildrenhavetroublemanagingtheirtime22.
Accordingtotheauthor,thereasongivenbySandraHofferthforthetimecrunchis______.
A)quiteconvincing
B)partiallytrue
C)totallygroundless
D)ratherconfusing23.
Accordingtotheauthorachilddevelopsbetterif______.
A)hehasplentyoftimereadingandstudying
B)heislefttoplaywithhispeersinhisownway
C)hehasmoretimeparticipatinginschoolactivities
D)heisfreetointeractwithhisworkingparents24.
TheauthorisconcernedaboutthefactthatAmericankids______.
A)areengagedinmoreandmorestructuredactivities
B)areincreasinglyneglectedbytheirworkingmothers
C)arespendingmoreandmoretimewatchingTV
D)areinvolvedlessandlessinhouseholdworkﻫ25.
Wecaninferfromthepassagethat______.
A)extracurricularactivitimotechildren’sintelligence
B)mostchildrenwillturntoreadingwithTVsetsswitchedoff
C)effortstogetkidsinterestedinreadinghavebeenfruitful
D)mostparentsbelievereadingtobebeneficialtochildrenPassageTwoQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
HenryFord,thefamousU.S.inventorandcarmanufacturer,oncesaid,‘ThebusinessofAmericaisbusiness.”BythishemeantthattheU.S.wayoflifeisbasedonthevaluesofthebusinessworld.
FewwouldarguewithFord’sstatement.AbriefglimpseatadailynewspapervividlyshowshowmuchpeopleintheUnitedStatesthinkaboutbusiness.Forexample,nearlyeverynewspaperhasabusinesssection,inwhichthedealsandprojects,financesandmanagement,stockpricesandlaborproblemsofcorporationsarereporteddaily.Inaddition,businessnewscanappearineveryothersection.Mostnationalnewshasanimportantfinancialaspecttoit.Welfare,foreignaid,thefederalbudget,andthepoliciesoftheFederalReserveBankareallheavilyaffectedbybusiness.Moreover,businessnewsappearsinsomeoftheunlikeliestplaces.Theworldofartsandentertainmentisoftenreferredtoas“theentertainmentindustry”or“showbusiness.”
ThepositivesideofHenryFord’sstatementcanbeseenintheprosperitythatbusinesshasbroughttoU.S.life.OneofthemostimportantreasonssomanypeoplefromallovertheworldcometoliveintheUnitedStatesisthedreamofabetterjob.Jobsareproducedinabundance(大量地)becausetheU.S.economicsystemisdrivenbycompetition.Peoplebelievethatthissystemcreatesmorewealth,morejobs,andamateriallybetterwayoflife.
ThenegativesideofHenryFord’sstatement,however,canbeseenwhenthewordbusinessistakentomeanbigbusiness.Andthetermbigbusiness—referringtothebiggestcompanies,isseeninoppositiontolabor.ThroughoutU.S.historyworkingpeoplehavehadtofighthardforhigherwages,betterworkingconditions,andtherighttoformunions.Today,manyoftheoldlabordisputesareover,butthereisstillsomeemployeeanxiety.Downsizing—thelayingoffofthousandsofworkerstokeepexpenseslowandprofitshigh--createsfeelingsofinsecurityformany.26.
TheunitedStates
A)whichencouragesfreetradeathomesandabroad
B)wherepeople’schiefconcernishowtomakemoney
C)whereallbusinessesaremanagedscientifically
ﻩD)whichnormallyworksaccordingtothefederalbudget27.
TheinfluenceofbusinessintheU.S.isevidencedbythefactthat______.
ﻩA)mostnewspapersarerunbybigbusinesses
ﻩB)evenpublicorganizationsconcentrateonworkingforprofits
C)Americansofallprofessionsknowhowtodobusiness
D)evenartsandentertainmentareregardedasbusiness28.
Accordingtothepassage,immigrantschoosetosettleintheU.S.,dreamingthat______.
A)theycanstartprofitablebusinessesthereﻩB)theycanbemorecompetitiveinbusiness
ﻩC)theywillmakeafortuneovernightthere
ﻩD)theywillfindbetterchancesofemployment29.
HenryFord’sstatementscanbetakennegativelybecause______.
A)workingpeoplearediscouragedtofightfortheirrights
B)therearemanyindustriescontrolledbyafewbigcapitalists
ﻩC)thereisaconflictingrelationshipbetweenbigcorporationsandlabor
D)publicservicesarenotrunbythefederalgovernment30.
Acompany’seffortstokeepexpenseslowandprofitshighmayresultin______.ﻫA)reductioninthenumberofemployeesB)improvementofworkingconditionsC)fewerdisputesbetweenlaborandmanagementﻩD)ariseinworkers’wagesPassageThreeQuestions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
ProfessorSmithrecentlypersuaded35people,23ofthemwomen,tokeepadiaryofalltheirabsent-mindedactionsforafortnight.Whenhecametoanalysetheirembarrassinglapses(差错)inascientificreport,hewassurprisedtofindthatnearlyallofthemfellintoafewgroupings.Nordidthelapsesappeartobeentirelyrandom(随机的).ﻫ
Oneofthewomen,forinstance,onleavingherhouseforworkonemorningthrewherdogherearringsandtriedtofixadogbiscuitonherear.“Theexplanationforthisisthatthebrainislikeacomputer,”explainstheprofessor.“Peopleprogrammethemselvestodocertainactivitiesregularly.Itwasthewoman’scustomeverymorningtothrowherdogtwobiscuitsandthenputonherearrings.Butsomehowtheactiongotreversedintheprogramme.”Aboutoneintwentyoftheincidentsthevolunteersreportedwerethese“programmeassemblyfailures.”
Altogetherthevolunteerslogged433unintentionalactionsthattheyfoundthemselvesdoing–anaverageoftwelveeach.Thereappeartobepeakperiodsinthedaywhenweareatourzaniest(荒唐可笑的).Thesearetwohourssometimebetweeneighta.m.andnoon,betweenfourandsixp.m.withasmallerpeakbetweeneightandtenp.m.“Amongmenthepeakseemstobewhenachangeoverinbrain‘programmes’occurs,asforinstancebetweengoingtoandfromwork.”Womenonaveragereportedslightlymorelapses–12.5comparedwith10.9formen–probablybecausetheyweremorereliablereporters.
Astartlingfindingoftheresearchisthattheabsent-mindedactivityisahazardofdoingthingsinwhichweareskilled.Normally,youwouldexpectthatskillreducesthenumberoferrorswemake.Buttryingtoavoidsillyslipsbyconcentratingmorecouldmakethingsalotworse–evendangerous.31.
InhisstudyProfessorSmithaskedthesubjects______.
A)tokeeptrackofpeoplewhotendtoforgetthings
B)toreporttheirembarrassinglapsesatrandom
C)toanalysetheirawkwardexperiencesscientifically
D)tokeeparecordofwhattheydidunintentionally32.
ProfessorSmithdiscoveredthat______.
A)certainpatternscanbeidentifiedintherecordedincidents
B)manypeopleweretooembarrassedtoadmittheirabsent-mindedness
C)mentendtobemoreabsent-mindedthanwomen
D)absent-mindednessisanexcusablehumanweakness33.
“Programmeassemblyfailures”(Line6,Para.2)referstothephenomenonthatpeople______.
A)oftenfailtoprogrammetheirroutinesbeforehand
B)tendtomakemistakeswhentheyareinahurry
C)unconsciouslychangethesequenceofdoingthings
D)arelikelytomessthingsupiftheyaretootired34.
Welearnfromthethirdparagraphthat______.
A)absent-mindednesstendstooccurduringcertainhoursoftheday
B)womenareverycarefultoperformactionsduringpeakperiods
C)womenexperiencemorepeakperiodsofabsent-mindedness
D)men’sabsent-mindednessoftenresultsinfunnysituations35.
Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat______.
A)peopleshouldavoiddoingimportantthingsduringpeakperiodsoflapses
B)hazardscanbeavoidedwhenpeopledothingstheyaregoodat
C)peopleshouldbecarefulwhenprogrammingtheiractions
D)lapsescannotalwaysbeattributedtolackofconcentrationPassageFourQuestions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
It’snosecretthatmanychildrenwouldbehealthierandhappierwithadoptiveparentsthanwiththeparentsthatnaturedealtthem.That’sespeciallytrueofchildrenwhoremaininabusivehomesbemusethelawblindlyfavorsbiologicalparents.It’salsotrueofchildrenwhosufferforyearsinfosterhomes(收养孩子的家庭)becauseofparentswhocan’torwon’tcareforthembutrefusetogiveupcustody(监护)rights.
Fourteen-year-oldKimberlyMaysfitsneitherdescription,butherrecentcourtvictorycouldeventuallyhelpchildrenwhodo.Kimberlyhasbeentheobjectofanangrycustodybattlebetweenthemanwhoraisedherandherbiologicalparents,withwhomshehasneverlived.AFloridajudgeruledthattheteenagercanremainwiththeonlyfathershe’severknownandthatherbiologicalparentshave“nolegalclaim”onher.
Theruling,thoughitmayyetbereversed,setsasidetheprinciplethatbiologyistheprimarydeterminantofparentage.That’sanimportantdevelopment,onethat’slongoverdue.
ShortlyafterbirthinDecember1978,KimberlyMaysandanotherinfantweremistakenlyswitchedandsenthomewiththewrongparents.Kimberly’sbiologicalparents,ErnestandReginaTwigg,receivedachildwhodiedofaheartdiseasein1988.Medicaltestsshowedthatthechildwasn’ttheTwiggs’owndaughter,butKimberlywas,thussparkingacustodybattlewithRobertMays.In1989,thetwofamiliesagreedthatMr.MayswouldmaintaincustodywiththeTwiggsgettingvisitingrights.ThoserightswereendedwhenMr.MaysdecidedthatKimberlywasbeingharmed.
ThedecisiontoleaveKimberlywithMr.Maysrenderedhersuitdebated.ButthejudgemadeclearthatKimberlydidhavestandingtosue(起诉)onherownbehalf.Thushemadeclearthatshewasmorethanjustpropertytobehandledasadultssawfit.
Certainly,thebiologicallinkbetweenparentandchildisfundamental.Butbiologicalparentsaren’talwayspreferabletoadoptiveones,andbiologicalparentagedoesnotconveyanabsoluteownershipthatcancelsalltherightsofchildren.36.
WhatwastheprimaryconsiderationintheFloridajudge’sruling?
A)Thebiologicallink.
B)Thechild’sbenefits.
C)Thetraditionalpractice.
D)Theparents’feelings.37.
WecanlearnfromtheKimberlycasethat______.
A)childrenaremorethanjustpersonalpossessionsoftheirparents
B)thebiologicallinkbetweenparentsandchildshouldbeemphasized
C)fosterhomesbringchildrenmorepainandsufferingthancare
D)biologicalparentsshouldn’tclaimcustodyrightsaftertheirchildisadopted38.
TheTwiggsclaimedcustodyrightstoKimberlybecause______.
A)theyfoundherunhappyinMr.Mays’custody
B)theyregardedherastheperty
C)theywereherbiologicalparents
D)theyfeltguiltyabouttheirpastmistake39.
KimberlyhadbeengiventoMr.Mays________.
A)bysheeraccident
B)outofcharity
C)athisrequest
D)forbettercare40.
Theauthor’sattitudetowardsthejudge’srulingcouldbedescribedas______.
A)doubtful
B)critical
C)cautious
D)supportivePartIII
ﻩVocabularyandStructure
ﻩﻩﻩ(20minutes)Directions:
Thereare3.0.incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ChoosetheONEthatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.41.
She______hertriptoNewYorkbecauseshewasill.
A)calledoff
ﻩﻩ B)closeddown
ﻩC)putup
ﻩ D)wentoff
42.
______thestorm,theshipwouldhavereacheditsdestinationontime.
A)Butfor
ﻩﻩ B)Incaseof
ﻩ C)Inspiteof
ﻩﻩD)Becauseof43.
Weshouldconcentrateonsharplyreducinginterestratestopulltheeconomyoutof______.
A)rejection
ﻩﻩ B)restriction
ﻩC)retreat
ﻩ D)recession44.
The______offindinggoldinCaliforniaattractedalotofpeopletosettledownthere.
A)prospects
ﻩ ﻩB)speculations
ﻩC)stakes
ﻩD)provisions45
Isufferedfrommental______becauseofstressfrommyjob.
A)damage
ﻩﻩB)release
ﻩﻩC)relief
ﻩ ﻩD)fatigue46.
Therestofthedaywasentirelyathis______forreadingorrecreation.
A)dismissal
ﻩﻩ B)survival
ﻩ C)disposal
ﻩD)arrivalﻫ47.
Youwillnotbe______aboutyourfoodintimeofgreathunger.
A)special
ﻩﻩB)particular
ﻩC)peculiar
ﻩD)specific48.
Crimeisincreasingworldwide,andthereiseveryreasontobelievethe______willcontinue intothenextdecade.ﻩ
A)emergency
ﻩ B)trend
ﻩ C)pace
ﻩ ﻩD)schedule49.
Youshouldn’thavewritteninthe______sincethebookbelongstothelibrary.ﻩA)interval
ﻩ ﻩB)borderﻩ C)margin
ﻩ D)edge
50.
The______ofairplaneenginesannouncedacomingairraid.ﻩA)roar
ﻩ ﻩ B)exclamation
ﻩC)whistle
ﻩﻩD)scream51.
Thisticket______youtoafreeboattouronthelake.
A)entitles
ﻩ B)appoints
ﻩﻩC)grants
ﻩﻩD)credits52.
Thisisthenursewho______tomewhenIwasillinhospital.
A)accompanied
B)attended
ﻩ C)entertained
D)shielded53.
Iwasaboutto______amatchwhenIrememberedTom’swarning. A)rub
ﻩB)hit
ﻩ ﻩC)scrape
ﻩ D)strike54.
Theadvertisementsaysthismaterialdoesn’t______inthewash,butithas. A)contract
ﻩﻩ B)shrink
ﻩC)slim
ﻩﻩD)dissolve55.
Hewasproudofbeingchosentoparticipateinthegameandhe______usthathewouldtryasﻩhardaspossible.
A)insured
ﻩﻩﻩB)guaranteed C)assumed
ﻩﻩD)assured56.
Notonlytheprofessionalsbutalsotheamateurswill______fromthenewtrainingfacilities.
A)derive
ﻩﻩB)acquireﻩﻩﻩC)benefit
D)reward57.
Theworkwasalmostcompletewhenwereceivedordersto______nofurtherwithit.
A)progress
ﻩ ﻩB)proceedﻩ C)march
ﻩﻩﻩD)promote58.
Iwaitedforhimhalfanhour,buthenever______.
A)turnedin
B)turneddown
ﻩﻩC)turnedoff
ﻩﻩD)turnedup59.
Ahousewithadangerousgas______canbebrokenintoimmediately.
A)leak
ﻩﻩﻩB)split ﻩ C)mess
ﻩﻩ D)crack60.
Adarksuitis______toalightoneforeveningwear.
ﻩA)favourable
ﻩﻩﻩB)suitable
ﻩﻩC)preferable
ﻩ D)proper61.
ItwasintheUnitedStatesthatImadethe______ofprofessorJones.ﻩ
A)acknowledgement
ﻩB)acquaintance C)recognition
D)association62.
Couldyoutakea______sheetofpaperandwriteyournameatthetop?ﻩA)bare
ﻩ B)vacantﻩ ﻩC)hollow
D)blank63.
Acultureinwhichthecitizenssharesimilarreligiousbeliefsandvaluesismorelikelytohave lawsthatrepresentthewishesofitspeoplethanisaculturewherecitizenscomefrom ______backgrounds.
ﻩA)extensive
ﻩ ﻩB)influential
ﻩﻩ C)diverse
D)identical64.
Areaswherestudentshaveparticulardifficultyhavebeentreated______particularcare.
A)by
ﻩﻩﻩ B)inﻩ ﻩC)under
ﻩD)with65.
Hegavea______tohandletheaffairsinafriendlymanner.
A)pledge
ﻩ B)mission
ﻩ ﻩC)plunge
ﻩ D)motion66.
Don’tletthechildplaywithscissors______ﻩhecutshimself.
A)incase
ﻩ B)sothat
ﻩﻩ C)nowthat
ﻩ D)onlyif67.
______thedangerfromenemyaction,peoplehadtocopewithasevereshortageoffood, clothing,fuel,andalmosteverything.
A)Asfaras
ﻩﻩ B)Aslongas
ﻩC)Aswellas
D)Assoonas68.
Manypeoplelosttheirjobsduringthebusiness______. A)desperation
ﻩﻩB)decrease ﻩC)despair
ﻩﻩD)depression69.
Wheneverabigcompany______asmallone,theproductalmostalwaysgetsworse.
A)getsonwith
B)cutsdown
ﻩﻩ C)takesover
ﻩD)putsupwith70.
Mr.Smithwastheonlywitnesswhosaidthatthefirewas______.
A)mature
ﻩ ﻩB)deliberate
ﻩC)meaningful
ﻩD)innocentPartIV
ﻩShortAnswerQuestions
ﻩ (15minutes)Directions:
Inthispartthereisashortpassagewith8questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.Writeyouranswersinthespacesprovidedontherightofthepage.
Whatpersonalqualitiesaredesirableinateacher?Ithinkthefollowingwouldbegenerallyaccepted.ﻫ
First,theteacher’spersonalityshouldbelivelyandattractive.Thisdoesnotruleoutpeoplewhoareplain-looking,orevenugly,becausemanysuchpeoplehavegreatpersonalcharm.Butitdoesruleoutsuchtypesastheover-excitable,sad,cold,andfrustrated.ﻫ
Secondly,itisnotmerelydesirablebutessentialforateachertohaveagenuinecapacityforsympathy,acapacitytounderstandthemindsandfeelingsofotherpeople,especially,sincemostteachersareschoolteachers,themindsandfeelingsofchildren.Closelyrelatedwiththisisthecapacitytobetolerant–not,indeed,ofwhatiswrong,butoftheweaknessesandimmaturityofhumannaturewhichinduce(诱导)people,andagainespeciallychildren,tomakemistakes.ﻫ
Thirdly,Iholditessentialforateachertobebothintellectuallyandmorallyhonest.Thismeansthathewillbeawareofhisintellectualstrengthsandlimitations,andwillhavethoughtaboutanddecideduponthemoralprinciplesbywhichhislifeshallbeguided.Thereisnocontradictioninmygoingontosaythatateachershouldbeabitofanactor.Thatispartofthetechniqueofteaching,whichdemandsthateverynowandthenateachershouldbeabletoputonanact–toenliven(使生动)alesson,correctafault,orawardpraise.Children,especiallyyoungchildren,liveinaworldthatisratherlargerthanlife.ﻫ
Ateachermustbecapableofinfinitepatience.This,Imaysay,islargelyamatterofself-disciplineandself-training,forwearenoneofusbornlikethat.ﻫ
Finally,Ithinkateachershouldhavethekindofmindwhichalwayswantstogoonlearning.Teachingisajobatwhichonewillneverbeperfect;thereisalwayssomethingmoretolearnaboutit.Therearethreeprincipalobjectsofstudy:thesubjectswhichtheteacheristeaching;themethodsbywhichthesubjectscanbestbetaughttotheparticularpupilsintheclassesheisteaching;andgbyfarthemostimportant--thechildren,youngpeople,oradultstowhomthesubjectsaretobetaught.ThetwofundamentalprinciplesofBritisheducationtodayarethateducationiseducationofthewholeperson,andthatitisbestacquiredthroughfullandactiveco-operationbetweentwopersons,theteacherandthelearner.S1.
Plain-lookingteacherscanalsobeadmiredbytheirstudentsiftheyhave_________.
__________________________________________________________________S2.
Theauthorsaysitis_________thatteachersbesympatheticwiththeirstudents. __________________________________________________________________S3.
AteachershouldbetolerantbecausehumanstendtohaveS3(1)_________andtobeS3(2)_________.
(1)________________________________________________________________
(2)________________________________________________________________S4.
Ateacherwhois_________willbeabletomakehislessonsmorelively.
__________________________________________________________________S5.
Howcanateacheracquireinfinitepatience?
__________________________________________________________________S6.
Sinceteachingisajobnoonecanbeperfectat,itisnecessaryforteacherstokeepimprovingtheirknowledgeofthesubjectstheyteachandtheir_________.
__________________________________________________________________S7.
Teachers’mostimportantobjectofstudyis_________.
__________________________________________________________________S8.
Educationcannotbebestacquiredwithout_________betweentheteacherandthelearner.
__________________________________________________________________PartV
ﻩﻩﻩ ﻩﻩWriting
ﻩﻩ ﻩﻩ(30minutes)Directions:
Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteaneye-witnessaccountofatrafficaccident.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsaccordingtotheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese.
假设你在某日某时目击一起车祸,就此写一份见证书。见证书须涉及以下几点:
1.车祸发生的时间及地点
2.你所见到的车祸情况ﻫ
3.你对车祸因素的分析AnEye-WitnessAccountofaTrafficAcciden2023年6月四级试题详解(10)2023年6月四级试题译文PassageOne译文ﻩ美国3~12岁的孩子平均每星期的在校时间为29小时,比1981年多了8小时。同时,他们做家务活多了,并且参与更多的像足球、芭蕾舞等有组织的活动。特别是参与体育活动的时间,从1981年到1997年增长了50%:现在男孩子平均每周花4小时运动,女孩的运动时间是男孩的一半。但是,总的说来,孩子们的空闲时间从1981年的40%降到25%。 “影响父母的时间危机同样也影响着孩子们,”最近对儿童作息时间表做调研的项目负责人SandraHofferth如是说。她说一个最重要的因素是更多的母亲外出工作。当然,生活在双收家庭或“父亲挣钱养家型”的家庭的孩子有较多的时间与他们的父母沟通。分别是每周19或22个小时。相反,生活在单身母亲家庭的孩子每周与母亲在一起的时间只有9小时。ﻩ假如一味地学习,而没有玩耍会使孩子们的生活变得一团糟。哈佛学院的专家T·BerryBrazelton说:“玩耍是孩子们探索世界和结识自我的最有效的途径”。自由的玩耍促使孩子们独立地思考,并使他们与同伴协调地相处,然而,3~12岁的孩子花在玩耍的时间每周只有12个小时。ﻩ抽样的调查显示,孩子们把已经快速减少的“自由时间”的四分之一用于看电视。但是,不管你相信不相信,家用长们对这样的结果还是庆幸的。即使孩子们不花更多的时间看电视,他们也不会把时间用在读书上。尽管家长们费尽心思让孩子们对书本感爱好,但是,他们每周花在阅读上的时间也只有一个多小时。让我们面对现实吧,谁有时间呢?`PassageTwo译文ﻩ美国最著名的发明家和汽车制造商亨利·福特曾经说:“美国的一切都是商业”。此话的意思是说,美国人的生活方式建立在商品社会的价值观上。ﻩ很少有人对福特的说法提出疑义。只在一张日报上瞥一眼,就不难发现有多少美国在关心商业。比如,几乎每家报纸都有商业版,对各种工程项目、资金和管理、股票价格和公司的劳动问题都是每日一报。此外,商业信息还在其他版面中出现。大多数国内新闻都反映重要的金融信息。福利、援外、联邦财政预算以及联邦储备银行的政策都极大地受到商业的影响。并且,商业信息还会在一些最不也许的地主出现。艺术和娱乐界经常被称为“娱乐业”或“演艺业”。ﻩ福特说法积极的一面可以从商业给美国生活带来的繁荣中看到。之所以有如此众多的人从世界各地蜂拥而至美国,其最重要的因素之一就是实现找到一份更好的工作梦想。工作的机会很多,由于美国的经济制度是由竞争驱动的。人们相信这样的制度能发明更多的财富,提供更好的工作和更好的物质生活。ﻩ但是,福特的说法中悲观的一面也显而易见,即当商业这个词用来指代大财团的时候。‘大财团’这个词——指代是与工人相对的最大的商业集团或公司。在美国的历史上,工人们曾经为争取更高的工资、更好的工作环境以及组织工会的权利而艰苦地斗争。今天,许多旧的劳资纠纷已经消失,但是,雇员们仍然存在着忧虑。裁人——解雇成千上万的工人以保证成本和高效益——
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