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2023年6月四级试题PartII

ﻩﻩ ﻩﻩReadingComprehension

ﻩ (35minutes)PassageOneQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Onaverage,Americankidsages3to12spent29hoursaweekinschool,eighthoursmorethantheydidin1981.Theyalsodidmorehouseholdworkandparticipatedinmoreofsuchorganizedactivitiesassoccerandballet(芭蕾舞).Involvementinsports,inparticular,rosealmost50%from1981to1997:boysnowspendanaverageoffourhoursaweekplayingsports;girlsloghalfthattime.Allinall,however,children’sleisuretimedroppedfrom40%ofthedayin1981to25%.

“Childrenareaffectedbythesametimecrunch(危机)thataffectstheirparents,”saysSandraHofferth,whoheadedtherecentstudyofchildren’stimetable.Achiefreason,shesays,isthatmoremothersareworkingoutsidethehome.(Nevertheless,childreninbothdouble-incomeand“malebreadwinner”householdsspentcomparablemountsoftimeinteractingwiththeirparents,19hoursand22hoursrespectively.Incontrast,childrenspentonly9hourswiththeirsinglemothers.)

Allworkandnoplaycouldmakeforsomeverymessed-upkids.“Playisthemostpowerfulwayachildexplorestheworldandlearnsabouthimself,”saysT.BerryBrazelton,professoratHarvardMedical

Thechildrensampledspentaquarteroftheirrapidlydecreasing“freetime”watchingtelevision.Butthat,believeitornot,wasoneofthefindingsparentsmightregardasgoodnews.Ifthey’respendinglesstimeinfrontoftheTVset,however,kidsaren’treplacingitwithreading.Despiteeffortstogetkidsmoreinterestedinbooks,thechildrenspentjustoveranhouraweekreading.Let’sfaceit,who’sgotthetime?21.

Bymentioning“thesametimecrunch”(Line1,Para.2)SandraHofferthmeans________.

A)childrenhavelittletimetoplaywiththeirparents

B)childrenarenottakengoodcareofbytheirworkingparents

C)bothparentsandchildrensufferfromlackofleisuretime

D)bothparentsandchildrenhavetroublemanagingtheirtime22.

Accordingtotheauthor,thereasongivenbySandraHofferthforthetimecrunchis______.

A)quiteconvincing

B)partiallytrue

C)totallygroundless

D)ratherconfusing23.

Accordingtotheauthorachilddevelopsbetterif______.

A)hehasplentyoftimereadingandstudying

B)heislefttoplaywithhispeersinhisownway

C)hehasmoretimeparticipatinginschoolactivities

D)heisfreetointeractwithhisworkingparents24.

TheauthorisconcernedaboutthefactthatAmericankids______.

A)areengagedinmoreandmorestructuredactivities

B)areincreasinglyneglectedbytheirworkingmothers

C)arespendingmoreandmoretimewatchingTV

D)areinvolvedlessandlessinhouseholdworkﻫ25.

Wecaninferfromthepassagethat______.

A)extracurricularactivitimotechildren’sintelligence

B)mostchildrenwillturntoreadingwithTVsetsswitchedoff

C)effortstogetkidsinterestedinreadinghavebeenfruitful

D)mostparentsbelievereadingtobebeneficialtochildrenPassageTwoQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

HenryFord,thefamousU.S.inventorandcarmanufacturer,oncesaid,‘ThebusinessofAmericaisbusiness.”BythishemeantthattheU.S.wayoflifeisbasedonthevaluesofthebusinessworld.

FewwouldarguewithFord’sstatement.AbriefglimpseatadailynewspapervividlyshowshowmuchpeopleintheUnitedStatesthinkaboutbusiness.Forexample,nearlyeverynewspaperhasabusinesssection,inwhichthedealsandprojects,financesandmanagement,stockpricesandlaborproblemsofcorporationsarereporteddaily.Inaddition,businessnewscanappearineveryothersection.Mostnationalnewshasanimportantfinancialaspecttoit.Welfare,foreignaid,thefederalbudget,andthepoliciesoftheFederalReserveBankareallheavilyaffectedbybusiness.Moreover,businessnewsappearsinsomeoftheunlikeliestplaces.Theworldofartsandentertainmentisoftenreferredtoas“theentertainmentindustry”or“showbusiness.”

ThepositivesideofHenryFord’sstatementcanbeseenintheprosperitythatbusinesshasbroughttoU.S.life.OneofthemostimportantreasonssomanypeoplefromallovertheworldcometoliveintheUnitedStatesisthedreamofabetterjob.Jobsareproducedinabundance(大量地)becausetheU.S.economicsystemisdrivenbycompetition.Peoplebelievethatthissystemcreatesmorewealth,morejobs,andamateriallybetterwayoflife.

ThenegativesideofHenryFord’sstatement,however,canbeseenwhenthewordbusinessistakentomeanbigbusiness.Andthetermbigbusiness—referringtothebiggestcompanies,isseeninoppositiontolabor.ThroughoutU.S.historyworkingpeoplehavehadtofighthardforhigherwages,betterworkingconditions,andtherighttoformunions.Today,manyoftheoldlabordisputesareover,butthereisstillsomeemployeeanxiety.Downsizing—thelayingoffofthousandsofworkerstokeepexpenseslowandprofitshigh--createsfeelingsofinsecurityformany.26.

TheunitedStates

A)whichencouragesfreetradeathomesandabroad

B)wherepeople’schiefconcernishowtomakemoney

C)whereallbusinessesaremanagedscientifically

ﻩD)whichnormallyworksaccordingtothefederalbudget27.

TheinfluenceofbusinessintheU.S.isevidencedbythefactthat______.

ﻩA)mostnewspapersarerunbybigbusinesses

ﻩB)evenpublicorganizationsconcentrateonworkingforprofits

C)Americansofallprofessionsknowhowtodobusiness

D)evenartsandentertainmentareregardedasbusiness28.

Accordingtothepassage,immigrantschoosetosettleintheU.S.,dreamingthat______.

A)theycanstartprofitablebusinessesthereﻩB)theycanbemorecompetitiveinbusiness

ﻩC)theywillmakeafortuneovernightthere

ﻩD)theywillfindbetterchancesofemployment29.

HenryFord’sstatementscanbetakennegativelybecause______.

A)workingpeoplearediscouragedtofightfortheirrights

B)therearemanyindustriescontrolledbyafewbigcapitalists

ﻩC)thereisaconflictingrelationshipbetweenbigcorporationsandlabor

D)publicservicesarenotrunbythefederalgovernment30.

Acompany’seffortstokeepexpenseslowandprofitshighmayresultin______.ﻫA)reductioninthenumberofemployeesB)improvementofworkingconditionsC)fewerdisputesbetweenlaborandmanagementﻩD)ariseinworkers’wagesPassageThreeQuestions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

ProfessorSmithrecentlypersuaded35people,23ofthemwomen,tokeepadiaryofalltheirabsent-mindedactionsforafortnight.Whenhecametoanalysetheirembarrassinglapses(差错)inascientificreport,hewassurprisedtofindthatnearlyallofthemfellintoafewgroupings.Nordidthelapsesappeartobeentirelyrandom(随机的).ﻫ

Oneofthewomen,forinstance,onleavingherhouseforworkonemorningthrewherdogherearringsandtriedtofixadogbiscuitonherear.“Theexplanationforthisisthatthebrainislikeacomputer,”explainstheprofessor.“Peopleprogrammethemselvestodocertainactivitiesregularly.Itwasthewoman’scustomeverymorningtothrowherdogtwobiscuitsandthenputonherearrings.Butsomehowtheactiongotreversedintheprogramme.”Aboutoneintwentyoftheincidentsthevolunteersreportedwerethese“programmeassemblyfailures.”

Altogetherthevolunteerslogged433unintentionalactionsthattheyfoundthemselvesdoing–anaverageoftwelveeach.Thereappeartobepeakperiodsinthedaywhenweareatourzaniest(荒唐可笑的).Thesearetwohourssometimebetweeneighta.m.andnoon,betweenfourandsixp.m.withasmallerpeakbetweeneightandtenp.m.“Amongmenthepeakseemstobewhenachangeoverinbrain‘programmes’occurs,asforinstancebetweengoingtoandfromwork.”Womenonaveragereportedslightlymorelapses–12.5comparedwith10.9formen–probablybecausetheyweremorereliablereporters.

Astartlingfindingoftheresearchisthattheabsent-mindedactivityisahazardofdoingthingsinwhichweareskilled.Normally,youwouldexpectthatskillreducesthenumberoferrorswemake.Buttryingtoavoidsillyslipsbyconcentratingmorecouldmakethingsalotworse–evendangerous.31.

InhisstudyProfessorSmithaskedthesubjects______.

A)tokeeptrackofpeoplewhotendtoforgetthings

B)toreporttheirembarrassinglapsesatrandom

C)toanalysetheirawkwardexperiencesscientifically

D)tokeeparecordofwhattheydidunintentionally32.

ProfessorSmithdiscoveredthat______.

A)certainpatternscanbeidentifiedintherecordedincidents

B)manypeopleweretooembarrassedtoadmittheirabsent-mindedness

C)mentendtobemoreabsent-mindedthanwomen

D)absent-mindednessisanexcusablehumanweakness33.

“Programmeassemblyfailures”(Line6,Para.2)referstothephenomenonthatpeople______.

A)oftenfailtoprogrammetheirroutinesbeforehand

B)tendtomakemistakeswhentheyareinahurry

C)unconsciouslychangethesequenceofdoingthings

D)arelikelytomessthingsupiftheyaretootired34.

Welearnfromthethirdparagraphthat______.

A)absent-mindednesstendstooccurduringcertainhoursoftheday

B)womenareverycarefultoperformactionsduringpeakperiods

C)womenexperiencemorepeakperiodsofabsent-mindedness

D)men’sabsent-mindednessoftenresultsinfunnysituations35.

Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat______.

A)peopleshouldavoiddoingimportantthingsduringpeakperiodsoflapses

B)hazardscanbeavoidedwhenpeopledothingstheyaregoodat

C)peopleshouldbecarefulwhenprogrammingtheiractions

D)lapsescannotalwaysbeattributedtolackofconcentrationPassageFourQuestions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

It’snosecretthatmanychildrenwouldbehealthierandhappierwithadoptiveparentsthanwiththeparentsthatnaturedealtthem.That’sespeciallytrueofchildrenwhoremaininabusivehomesbemusethelawblindlyfavorsbiologicalparents.It’salsotrueofchildrenwhosufferforyearsinfosterhomes(收养孩子的家庭)becauseofparentswhocan’torwon’tcareforthembutrefusetogiveupcustody(监护)rights.

Fourteen-year-oldKimberlyMaysfitsneitherdescription,butherrecentcourtvictorycouldeventuallyhelpchildrenwhodo.Kimberlyhasbeentheobjectofanangrycustodybattlebetweenthemanwhoraisedherandherbiologicalparents,withwhomshehasneverlived.AFloridajudgeruledthattheteenagercanremainwiththeonlyfathershe’severknownandthatherbiologicalparentshave“nolegalclaim”onher.

Theruling,thoughitmayyetbereversed,setsasidetheprinciplethatbiologyistheprimarydeterminantofparentage.That’sanimportantdevelopment,onethat’slongoverdue.

ShortlyafterbirthinDecember1978,KimberlyMaysandanotherinfantweremistakenlyswitchedandsenthomewiththewrongparents.Kimberly’sbiologicalparents,ErnestandReginaTwigg,receivedachildwhodiedofaheartdiseasein1988.Medicaltestsshowedthatthechildwasn’ttheTwiggs’owndaughter,butKimberlywas,thussparkingacustodybattlewithRobertMays.In1989,thetwofamiliesagreedthatMr.MayswouldmaintaincustodywiththeTwiggsgettingvisitingrights.ThoserightswereendedwhenMr.MaysdecidedthatKimberlywasbeingharmed.

ThedecisiontoleaveKimberlywithMr.Maysrenderedhersuitdebated.ButthejudgemadeclearthatKimberlydidhavestandingtosue(起诉)onherownbehalf.Thushemadeclearthatshewasmorethanjustpropertytobehandledasadultssawfit.

Certainly,thebiologicallinkbetweenparentandchildisfundamental.Butbiologicalparentsaren’talwayspreferabletoadoptiveones,andbiologicalparentagedoesnotconveyanabsoluteownershipthatcancelsalltherightsofchildren.36.

WhatwastheprimaryconsiderationintheFloridajudge’sruling?

A)Thebiologicallink.

B)Thechild’sbenefits.

C)Thetraditionalpractice.

D)Theparents’feelings.37.

WecanlearnfromtheKimberlycasethat______.

A)childrenaremorethanjustpersonalpossessionsoftheirparents

B)thebiologicallinkbetweenparentsandchildshouldbeemphasized

C)fosterhomesbringchildrenmorepainandsufferingthancare

D)biologicalparentsshouldn’tclaimcustodyrightsaftertheirchildisadopted38.

TheTwiggsclaimedcustodyrightstoKimberlybecause______.

A)theyfoundherunhappyinMr.Mays’custody

B)theyregardedherastheperty

C)theywereherbiologicalparents

D)theyfeltguiltyabouttheirpastmistake39.

KimberlyhadbeengiventoMr.Mays________.

A)bysheeraccident

B)outofcharity

C)athisrequest

D)forbettercare40.

Theauthor’sattitudetowardsthejudge’srulingcouldbedescribedas______.

A)doubtful

B)critical

C)cautious

D)supportivePartIII

ﻩVocabularyandStructure

ﻩﻩﻩ(20minutes)Directions:

Thereare3.0.incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ChoosetheONEthatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.41.

She______hertriptoNewYorkbecauseshewasill.

A)calledoff

ﻩﻩ B)closeddown

ﻩC)putup

ﻩ D)wentoff

42.

______thestorm,theshipwouldhavereacheditsdestinationontime.

A)Butfor

ﻩﻩ B)Incaseof

ﻩ C)Inspiteof

ﻩﻩD)Becauseof43.

Weshouldconcentrateonsharplyreducinginterestratestopulltheeconomyoutof______.

A)rejection

ﻩﻩ B)restriction

ﻩC)retreat

ﻩ D)recession44.

The______offindinggoldinCaliforniaattractedalotofpeopletosettledownthere.

A)prospects

ﻩ ﻩB)speculations

ﻩC)stakes

ﻩD)provisions45

Isufferedfrommental______becauseofstressfrommyjob.

A)damage

ﻩﻩB)release

ﻩﻩC)relief

ﻩ ﻩD)fatigue46.

Therestofthedaywasentirelyathis______forreadingorrecreation.

A)dismissal

ﻩﻩ B)survival

ﻩ C)disposal

ﻩD)arrivalﻫ47.

Youwillnotbe______aboutyourfoodintimeofgreathunger.

A)special

ﻩﻩB)particular

ﻩC)peculiar

ﻩD)specific48.

Crimeisincreasingworldwide,andthereiseveryreasontobelievethe______willcontinue intothenextdecade.ﻩ

A)emergency

ﻩ B)trend

ﻩ C)pace

ﻩ ﻩD)schedule49.

Youshouldn’thavewritteninthe______sincethebookbelongstothelibrary.ﻩA)interval

ﻩ ﻩB)borderﻩ C)margin

ﻩ D)edge

50.

The______ofairplaneenginesannouncedacomingairraid.ﻩA)roar

ﻩ ﻩ B)exclamation

ﻩC)whistle

ﻩﻩD)scream51.

Thisticket______youtoafreeboattouronthelake.

A)entitles

ﻩ B)appoints

ﻩﻩC)grants

ﻩﻩD)credits52.

Thisisthenursewho______tomewhenIwasillinhospital.

A)accompanied

B)attended

ﻩ C)entertained

D)shielded53.

Iwasaboutto______amatchwhenIrememberedTom’swarning. A)rub

ﻩB)hit

ﻩ ﻩC)scrape

ﻩ D)strike54.

Theadvertisementsaysthismaterialdoesn’t______inthewash,butithas. A)contract

ﻩﻩ B)shrink

ﻩC)slim

ﻩﻩD)dissolve55.

Hewasproudofbeingchosentoparticipateinthegameandhe______usthathewouldtryasﻩhardaspossible.

A)insured

ﻩﻩﻩB)guaranteed C)assumed

ﻩﻩD)assured56.

Notonlytheprofessionalsbutalsotheamateurswill______fromthenewtrainingfacilities.

A)derive

ﻩﻩB)acquireﻩﻩﻩC)benefit

D)reward57.

Theworkwasalmostcompletewhenwereceivedordersto______nofurtherwithit.

A)progress

ﻩ ﻩB)proceedﻩ C)march

ﻩﻩﻩD)promote58.

Iwaitedforhimhalfanhour,buthenever______.

A)turnedin

B)turneddown

ﻩﻩC)turnedoff

ﻩﻩD)turnedup59.

Ahousewithadangerousgas______canbebrokenintoimmediately.

A)leak

ﻩﻩﻩB)split ﻩ C)mess

ﻩﻩ D)crack60.

Adarksuitis______toalightoneforeveningwear.

ﻩA)favourable

ﻩﻩﻩB)suitable

ﻩﻩC)preferable

ﻩ D)proper61.

ItwasintheUnitedStatesthatImadethe______ofprofessorJones.ﻩ

A)acknowledgement

ﻩB)acquaintance C)recognition

D)association62.

Couldyoutakea______sheetofpaperandwriteyournameatthetop?ﻩA)bare

ﻩ B)vacantﻩ ﻩC)hollow

D)blank63.

Acultureinwhichthecitizenssharesimilarreligiousbeliefsandvaluesismorelikelytohave lawsthatrepresentthewishesofitspeoplethanisaculturewherecitizenscomefrom ______backgrounds.

ﻩA)extensive

ﻩ ﻩB)influential

ﻩﻩ C)diverse

D)identical64.

Areaswherestudentshaveparticulardifficultyhavebeentreated______particularcare.

A)by

ﻩﻩﻩ B)inﻩ ﻩC)under

ﻩD)with65.

Hegavea______tohandletheaffairsinafriendlymanner.

A)pledge

ﻩ B)mission

ﻩ ﻩC)plunge

ﻩ D)motion66.

Don’tletthechildplaywithscissors______ﻩhecutshimself.

A)incase

ﻩ B)sothat

ﻩﻩ C)nowthat

ﻩ D)onlyif67.

______thedangerfromenemyaction,peoplehadtocopewithasevereshortageoffood, clothing,fuel,andalmosteverything.

A)Asfaras

ﻩﻩ B)Aslongas

ﻩC)Aswellas

D)Assoonas68.

Manypeoplelosttheirjobsduringthebusiness______. A)desperation

ﻩﻩB)decrease ﻩC)despair

ﻩﻩD)depression69.

Wheneverabigcompany______asmallone,theproductalmostalwaysgetsworse.

A)getsonwith

B)cutsdown

ﻩﻩ C)takesover

ﻩD)putsupwith70.

Mr.Smithwastheonlywitnesswhosaidthatthefirewas______.

A)mature

ﻩ ﻩB)deliberate

ﻩC)meaningful

ﻩD)innocentPartIV

ﻩShortAnswerQuestions

ﻩ (15minutes)Directions:

Inthispartthereisashortpassagewith8questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.Writeyouranswersinthespacesprovidedontherightofthepage.

Whatpersonalqualitiesaredesirableinateacher?Ithinkthefollowingwouldbegenerallyaccepted.ﻫ

First,theteacher’spersonalityshouldbelivelyandattractive.Thisdoesnotruleoutpeoplewhoareplain-looking,orevenugly,becausemanysuchpeoplehavegreatpersonalcharm.Butitdoesruleoutsuchtypesastheover-excitable,sad,cold,andfrustrated.ﻫ

Secondly,itisnotmerelydesirablebutessentialforateachertohaveagenuinecapacityforsympathy,acapacitytounderstandthemindsandfeelingsofotherpeople,especially,sincemostteachersareschoolteachers,themindsandfeelingsofchildren.Closelyrelatedwiththisisthecapacitytobetolerant–not,indeed,ofwhatiswrong,butoftheweaknessesandimmaturityofhumannaturewhichinduce(诱导)people,andagainespeciallychildren,tomakemistakes.ﻫ

Thirdly,Iholditessentialforateachertobebothintellectuallyandmorallyhonest.Thismeansthathewillbeawareofhisintellectualstrengthsandlimitations,andwillhavethoughtaboutanddecideduponthemoralprinciplesbywhichhislifeshallbeguided.Thereisnocontradictioninmygoingontosaythatateachershouldbeabitofanactor.Thatispartofthetechniqueofteaching,whichdemandsthateverynowandthenateachershouldbeabletoputonanact–toenliven(使生动)alesson,correctafault,orawardpraise.Children,especiallyyoungchildren,liveinaworldthatisratherlargerthanlife.ﻫ

Ateachermustbecapableofinfinitepatience.This,Imaysay,islargelyamatterofself-disciplineandself-training,forwearenoneofusbornlikethat.ﻫ

Finally,Ithinkateachershouldhavethekindofmindwhichalwayswantstogoonlearning.Teachingisajobatwhichonewillneverbeperfect;thereisalwayssomethingmoretolearnaboutit.Therearethreeprincipalobjectsofstudy:thesubjectswhichtheteacheristeaching;themethodsbywhichthesubjectscanbestbetaughttotheparticularpupilsintheclassesheisteaching;andgbyfarthemostimportant--thechildren,youngpeople,oradultstowhomthesubjectsaretobetaught.ThetwofundamentalprinciplesofBritisheducationtodayarethateducationiseducationofthewholeperson,andthatitisbestacquiredthroughfullandactiveco-operationbetweentwopersons,theteacherandthelearner.S1.

Plain-lookingteacherscanalsobeadmiredbytheirstudentsiftheyhave_________.

__________________________________________________________________S2.

Theauthorsaysitis_________thatteachersbesympatheticwiththeirstudents. __________________________________________________________________S3.

AteachershouldbetolerantbecausehumanstendtohaveS3(1)_________andtobeS3(2)_________.

(1)________________________________________________________________

(2)________________________________________________________________S4.

Ateacherwhois_________willbeabletomakehislessonsmorelively.

__________________________________________________________________S5.

Howcanateacheracquireinfinitepatience?

__________________________________________________________________S6.

Sinceteachingisajobnoonecanbeperfectat,itisnecessaryforteacherstokeepimprovingtheirknowledgeofthesubjectstheyteachandtheir_________.

__________________________________________________________________S7.

Teachers’mostimportantobjectofstudyis_________.

__________________________________________________________________S8.

Educationcannotbebestacquiredwithout_________betweentheteacherandthelearner.

__________________________________________________________________PartV

ﻩﻩﻩ ﻩﻩWriting

ﻩﻩ ﻩﻩ(30minutes)Directions:

Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteaneye-witnessaccountofatrafficaccident.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsaccordingtotheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese.

假设你在某日某时目击一起车祸,就此写一份见证书。见证书须涉及以下几点:

1.车祸发生的时间及地点

2.你所见到的车祸情况ﻫ

3.你对车祸因素的分析AnEye-WitnessAccountofaTrafficAcciden2023年6月四级试题详解(10)2023年6月四级试题译文PassageOne译文ﻩ美国3~12岁的孩子平均每星期的在校时间为29小时,比1981年多了8小时。同时,他们做家务活多了,并且参与更多的像足球、芭蕾舞等有组织的活动。特别是参与体育活动的时间,从1981年到1997年增长了50%:现在男孩子平均每周花4小时运动,女孩的运动时间是男孩的一半。但是,总的说来,孩子们的空闲时间从1981年的40%降到25%。 “影响父母的时间危机同样也影响着孩子们,”最近对儿童作息时间表做调研的项目负责人SandraHofferth如是说。她说一个最重要的因素是更多的母亲外出工作。当然,生活在双收家庭或“父亲挣钱养家型”的家庭的孩子有较多的时间与他们的父母沟通。分别是每周19或22个小时。相反,生活在单身母亲家庭的孩子每周与母亲在一起的时间只有9小时。ﻩ假如一味地学习,而没有玩耍会使孩子们的生活变得一团糟。哈佛学院的专家T·BerryBrazelton说:“玩耍是孩子们探索世界和结识自我的最有效的途径”。自由的玩耍促使孩子们独立地思考,并使他们与同伴协调地相处,然而,3~12岁的孩子花在玩耍的时间每周只有12个小时。ﻩ抽样的调查显示,孩子们把已经快速减少的“自由时间”的四分之一用于看电视。但是,不管你相信不相信,家用长们对这样的结果还是庆幸的。即使孩子们不花更多的时间看电视,他们也不会把时间用在读书上。尽管家长们费尽心思让孩子们对书本感爱好,但是,他们每周花在阅读上的时间也只有一个多小时。让我们面对现实吧,谁有时间呢?`PassageTwo译文ﻩ美国最著名的发明家和汽车制造商亨利·福特曾经说:“美国的一切都是商业”。此话的意思是说,美国人的生活方式建立在商品社会的价值观上。ﻩ很少有人对福特的说法提出疑义。只在一张日报上瞥一眼,就不难发现有多少美国在关心商业。比如,几乎每家报纸都有商业版,对各种工程项目、资金和管理、股票价格和公司的劳动问题都是每日一报。此外,商业信息还在其他版面中出现。大多数国内新闻都反映重要的金融信息。福利、援外、联邦财政预算以及联邦储备银行的政策都极大地受到商业的影响。并且,商业信息还会在一些最不也许的地主出现。艺术和娱乐界经常被称为“娱乐业”或“演艺业”。ﻩ福特说法积极的一面可以从商业给美国生活带来的繁荣中看到。之所以有如此众多的人从世界各地蜂拥而至美国,其最重要的因素之一就是实现找到一份更好的工作梦想。工作的机会很多,由于美国的经济制度是由竞争驱动的。人们相信这样的制度能发明更多的财富,提供更好的工作和更好的物质生活。ﻩ但是,福特的说法中悲观的一面也显而易见,即当商业这个词用来指代大财团的时候。‘大财团’这个词——指代是与工人相对的最大的商业集团或公司。在美国的历史上,工人们曾经为争取更高的工资、更好的工作环境以及组织工会的权利而艰苦地斗争。今天,许多旧的劳资纠纷已经消失,但是,雇员们仍然存在着忧虑。裁人——解雇成千上万的工人以保证成本和高效益——

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