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2023年12月大学英语四级真题答案与解析PartIWriting参考范文:第一种图表(即我们试题部分的图表)EducationPaysThebargraphdescribestheunemploymentratesin2023forsocialgroupswithdifferenteducationdegreesintheUnitedStates.AccordingtotheUSBureauofLaborStatistics,thebetteryouareeducated,themorelikelyyouaretogetemployed.Forexample,thereareonlyabout1.9%and4%ofpeoplewithdoctoraldegreeandmastersdegreerespectivelywhoareunemployed,whilepeoplewithonlyahighschooldiplomaorlesssufferamuchhigherunemploymentrate(14.9%and10.3%respectively).Thesedataclearlyindicatethateducationpaysinthelongrunanditisaworthyinvestment.InthisITageespecially,whenknowledgeofscienceandtechnologyispower,peopleneedtobewellequippedwithknowledgeandskillsinordertobecompetitiveinjobhuntingandbebetterpaid.Ahigherdegreeisdefinitelyanadvantageinthefirstplaceinthejobmarket.Itmustbeadded,however,ahighdegreealoneisnotenough.Itwillnotensureabetteremploymentopportunity.Inordertosucceedinthecareer,peoplemustalsodeveloppracticalskillsandtechniquesaswellasgoodcommunication,teamworkandsocialexperience.第二种图表(这也是本次考试的另一份试卷的图表)(见图表2)EducationPaysAsisshowninthebarchartabove,thesocialgroupswithhigherdegreearenotonlymorelikelytobeemployedinthefirstplace,buttheyarealsobetterpaidlaterintheworkplace.Thosewithdoctoralandprofessionaldegreesenjoyamuchhigherweeklymedianearning($1551and1665respectively)andsufferamuchlowerunemploymentrate(2.5%and2.4%).Ontheotherhand,thosewithlesseducationsufferaconsiderablyhigherunemploymentrateandhaveamuchlowerweeklyincome.Forexample,thereareatotalof23.5%(9.4%+14.1%)ofpeopleunemployedwithhighschooldiplomaorless,whohaveonlyamedianweeklyincomeof$545,ascomparedwiththeaverage$797.Thesedataclearlyindicatethateducationpaysinthelongrunanditisaworthyinvestment.InthisITageespecially,whenknowledgeofscienceandtechnologyispower,peopleneedtobewellequippedwithknowledgeandskillsinordertobecompetitiveinjobhuntingandbebetterpaid.Ahigherdegreeisdefinitelyanadvantageinthefirstplaceinthejobmarketandacompetitiveedgeforworkplacepromotions.Itmustbeadded,however,ahighdegreealoneisnotenough.Itwillnotensureabetteremploymentopportunityandhighersalary.Inordertosucceedinthecareer,peoplemustalsodeveloppracticalskillsandtechniquesaswellasgoodcommunication,teamworkandsocialexperience.概述四级考试重要的作文命题形式是“文示”提纲作文,但不时也考应用文(书信、演讲词等)和图表作文,图表作文曾在1991年6月(表格:ChangesinPeoplesDiet)和2023年6月(柱状图:StudentUseofComputers),似乎是2023考一次,但不排除此后会更频繁地考到。图表作文涉及表格作文(table)、曲线图作文(curve)、饼状图作文(pie)和柱状图作文(bar),图表作文既有图表为考生提供大量数据信息,有时又有文字提醒对作文的要点和展开方向作出规定。图表作文是一种特殊的提醒作文,即通过图表提供作文的话题,写作的要点隐含在图表之中。所以这类作文的构思过程与普通的提醒作文大同小异,重要的不同是要在构思前增长一个读图(即对图表的解读)的过程。考生必须先仔细研读图表,使图表中的数据、曲线、图形等成为与短文标题相关并能为我所用的故意义的信息。任何图表都具有表层信息和深层含义。考生读图时务必要把握这两方面的内容,仅对图表表层信息作一简朴描述不是这类作文的命题目的。这类作文重要考的是考生对图表深层次信息(因素、根源、发展也许等)的挖掘和阐述。实践中,不管图表以何种方式出现,这类作文都可以采用下列统一的标准提纲:第一段图表描述。概要描述图表所揭示的某种社会现象的变化发展情况,注意尽也许少地直接引用图表数据,要将图表数据进行分析,归纳后进行概括性综述;第二段因素或根源。阐述导致该社会现象或发展变化的深层次因素;第三段结论或评述。对该社会现象发展变化进行理性预测或利弊评述,也可阐述本人的见解或观点。根据图表内容和写作指令的规定,图表作文大体有以下二种展开模式:PatternI揭示根源及潜在问题的图表TitleAsindicatedbythefigures/datagiveninthepicture/graph,itisobviousthat①…fell/rose/climbedsignificantly(greatly/sharply/steadily)from(数字)in(时间)to(数字)in(时间).Itcanalsobeseenthattherewasasharp(great)rise(decline/drop)in(方面)from(数字)to(数字)(byntimes/npercent)duringthesameperiod.Thereareseveralcausescontributingtothedevelopment(change/rise/fall)showninthegraph.Amongotherthings,②….Besides,③….Andfinally,④…Buttherearealsosomeproblems/advantagesunderlying/behindthisdevelopment/change,and⑤…isoneofthem.Therefore,whetherthistrendisablessingoracurseinthelongrun,onlytellcantell.①插入名词性从句的主语;概述图表中变化的某个方面;②、③、④插入名词性从句;揭示图表变化的三个内在因素;⑤插入名词短语;提出这种变化背后也许引起的问题。SampleHealthGainedinDevelopingCountries(见图表三)Asindicatedbythedatagiveninthegraph,itisobviousthatlifeexpectancyindevelopingcountrieshasclimbedfromabout40yearsinthe1960stoaround60inthe1990s,increasingby20yearswithin3decades.Itcanalsobeseen,asasharpcontrast,thattherewasasharpdropininfantmortality,by15%,from250deathsper1000birthstoabout100deathsper1000duringthesameperiod.Thereareseveralcausescontributingtothedevelopmentshowninthegraph.Amongotherthings,therapidadvanceinmedicalsciencehasmadeitpossibletocurealotoforiginallyincurablediseasesandsavethelifeofmillionsofnewbornswhomightwellhavebeenchokedorkilledbeforetheirbirth.Besides,thegeneralimprovementofordinarypeopleslivingstandardarousedtheirinterestinhealthyfoodsandhealthyactivities.Theyarefeedingonabalanceddietanddoingalotofphysicalexercises.Andfinally,therapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyatlargehavewipedoutfamineandminimizedthedamagescausedbyfloods,earthquakesandothernaturaldisasterswheremothersandchildrensuffermost.Buttherearealsosomeproblemsunderlyingthischange,andpopulationexplosionisoneofthem.Therefore,whetherthistrendisablessingoracurseinthelongrun,onlytimecantell.PatternII揭示发展根源及积极趋势的图表TitleAccordingtothetable(curvegraph/barchart/piechart),wecanseethatabout(数字/npercentof…)①…in(时间),comparedwithnearly(数字)nyearsagoandthisfigureincreasestonpercentduringaperiodofnyears.Itcanbeexpectedthat②…is/aregoingto③…intheyearstocome.Whydo④…/Whathasbroughtaboutthe⑤…?Therearemanyreasons/factors,Ithink,thatunderliethechange/rise/development.Theprimaryreason/factoris,clearly,⑥….Besides,⑦….Andathirdreasonisprobablythat⑧….Obviously,withthedevelopmentof⑨…(andwithmoreandmore⑩…),Ibelievethat….SoIamsurethat…inthelongrun.①插入that从句中的主语和谓语;其中主语前有数字修饰语;②、③插入that从句中的主语和谓语动词;陈述图表揭示的变化趋势;④这是一句why问句,引出下文对变化因素的探讨;⑤插入名词短语;通常为change,development等表达变化的词;⑥插入名词短语或that从句;提出第一个因素;⑦插入完整句子,以小写开始,提出第二个因素;⑧插入that从句,提出第三个因素;⑨插入名词短语,概括图表涉及的现象;⑩插入作with宾语的复合结构,可省略;插入名词性句子,提出自己观点,评论这一变化的利弊;插入名词性句子,进一步肯定自己的观点并判断未来发展趋势。CollegesOpenTheirDoorsWider(见图表四)Accordingtothebarchart,wecanseethatabout3.4millionhighschoolgraduatesentereduniversityin2023,comparedwithnearly1.5million2yearsagoandthisfigureincreasesto227percentduringaperiodof2years.ItcanbeexpectedthatChineseuniversitiesaregoingtoenrollmorestudentsintheyearstocome.Whathasbroughtaboutthequickexpansion?Therearemanyfactors,Ithink,thatunderliethedevelopment.Theprimaryoneis,clearly,adirectresponsetotheincreasingdemandforhighqualityskilledworkerstofurtherdevelopthecountryseconomy.Besides,expansionofcollegeenrollmentwillenlargethedomesticdemandandstimulateeconomicdevelopmentthrougheducationconsumption.AndathirdreasonisprobablythattheChinesejobmarketcannotabsorbthebigarmyofhighschoolgraduates.Obviously,withthedevelopmentofhighereducationandwithmoreandmorepeoplegraduatedfromcolleges,Ibelievethatthenationaleducationwillreachanew,higherlevelandourcountrywillbecomemorepowerfulandprosperousintheworld.SoIamsurethattheriseincollegeenrollmentwilldousmoregoodthanharminthelongrun.PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)篇章层次分析:这是一篇评述英年早逝的著名IT创始人SteveJobs的说明文。短文把Jobs喻作魔术大师来阐述他一生在苹果电脑领域的建树。全文共9个自然段。除大标题外短文还附一小标题以明示本文不是介绍一般魔术师的文章。第一段解题,把产品推介会上的Jobs直接比作魔术师,第二段从世界对他忽然离世的反映回顾他一生的三大成就;接下来三段分别对这三大成就进行展开:第三段阐述他作为技术大师的与众不同;第四段分析他作为领袖人物的天赋;第五段介绍他最突出的第三大成就:如何哺育消费者对其产品的忠诚迷恋;第六段由上述四段进一步展开,谈论Jobs对创新这一理念和过程的逆转性影响;第七段剖析他作为“控制怪人”背后的初衷:使他的电脑最大限度的变得userfriendly;第八段暗示他的去世对苹果公司乃至整个IT领域的损失;最后一段借一位工程师的评述对Jobs作出结论性评述——他发明了一个自己的真实世界并真的做到了“青史留名”。前面7道选择题分布在前面六段;填空题8~10题集中在7~9三段。1[解析]B)showmanship.本题明确问及第一段,题干之nobodycouldmatch...指向第一句,答案见该句whenitcomestoputtingonashow,...,再结合下文对他在productlaunches上的评述:performancesofamastershowman,不难拟定答案。2[解析]C)Hestartedtheeraofpersonaltechnology.题干之mostdeeplyaffectedpeopleswayoflife指向第二段倒数第二句,答案见该段最后一句。3[解析]B)Hiskeeninterestindesigningelegantanduserfriendlygadgets.题干之MrJobs’greatstrength指向第三段第一句;答案见第二句:...hewaskeenlyinterestedinproductdesignandaesthetics,andinmakingadvancedtechnologysimpletouse。4[解析]A)oneofthegreatestchiefexecutivesofhistime.题干之corporategiants指向第四段第一句,其中beinghailed...as...相称于题干的saw...as,答案就是该句最后as引导的短语。5[解析]D)aninspiration.题干之sufferedfailure相称于第六句中的fallfromgrace和takeaturnfortheworse.答案即在句中。6[解析]B)Hesetuppersonallinkswithmanyofhiscustomers.题干之astonishing指向短文第五段第一句,注意不能因句中有absoluteloyalty就选C)HecommandedabsoluteloyaltyfromAppleusers.这种loyalty不是他向用户“强求”的,而是他通过自己的人性化产品和他和用户建立的personallink激发的。7[解析]D)Itoriginatesintheconsumermarket.根据题干之thisissuesspecialreportaboutinnovationnowadays,拟定答案在第六段,理解该段可知如今的创新源于千家万户,是consumergadgets,onlineservices,consumerproducts,inhouseversionsofFacebook...8[解析]closedandinflexible由题干之“criticscomplained”和“userfriendlinessofAppleproducts”可知答案在短文第七段第一句。9[解析]combined题干之“Amazon“和“didthebestjobinfollowingAppleslead”指向第八段倒数第三句,由“hardware,software,contentandservice...inaneasytousebundle”可知本题是采用havesth.done这一句式对该句的改写。10[解析]creatingarealityofhisown或puttingadingintheuniverse题干之“channellingthemagicofcomputingintoproducts”出现在最后一段倒数第二句,答案可以是该句中的createdarealityofhisown,也可以是最后一句的结论性评述。PartIIIListeningComprehensionSectionA注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。11W:Ijustheardaboutareallybeautifulparkintheeastendofthetown.Therearealotofrosesinbloom.M:Whydontwewalkoverthereandseeforourselves?Q:Whatwillthespeakersprobablydo?12M:Mypresentationisscheduledfor9:30tomorrowmorningatthelecturehall.Ihopetoseeyouthere.W:Oh,sorry.IwasabouttotellyouthatIhaveanappointmentwithmydentistat9:00o’clocktomorrow.Q:Whatdowelearnaboutthewoman?13W:Howlonghaveyoubeenrunningthiscompany?M:Twentyyearsifyoucanbelievethat.Ibroughtitfromasmalloperationtowhatitistoday.Q:Whatdowelearnabouttheman?14M:Haveyoureadthenewsonthecampusnet?Susanhaswonthescholarshipfornextyear.W:Iknewshewouldfromtheverybeginning.Suchabrilliantanddiligentgirl!Shecertainlydeservesit.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?15W:TakingabustoMiamiischeaperthangoingbytrain.M:Thatstrue.ButI’dratherpayalittlemorefortheaddedcomfortandconvenience.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?16M:Ithinkitstimewegotridofallthisoldfurniture.W:Youreright.Weneedtopromoteourimagebesidesitsnotasifitsarealantique.Q:Whatdothespeakersmean?17W:Thatwassomestormyesterday.IwasafraidIcouldntmakeithome.M:Yeah,mostoftheroadstomyhousewereflooded.Ididntgethomefromthelabuntilmidnight.Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?18W:Myboysarealwayscomplainingthattheyrebored.M:Whydontyougetthemintosometeamsports?MysonanddaughterplaysoccereverySaturday.Andtheybothlookforwardtoitallweek.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?11[预测]做什么?如何去公园;去公园赏花;去市场买花;种树。公园、花与树?Whydont...?的句型功能。要点信息理解。C)Gototheparktoenjoytheflowers.12[预测]She:应邀做演讲、牙痛而无法工作、无法参与报告会还是9:30要会见男子?→她无法工作或去(参与)演讲的因素?要点信息理解,信息干扰。C)Shecannotattendthepresentation.13[预测]He—一个成功的生意人:改变了经营策略,计划拓展生意,20岁就接管了公司?要点归纳推论。B)Heisaverysuccessfulbusinessman.14[预测]She:1)新闻:为之惊讶,未曾在网上看到;2)与Susan的关系:没她聪明,对她极其信任。要点归纳推论。D)ShehaseveryconfidenceinSusan.15[预测]去Miami,乘汽车还是火车?便宜、方便舒适、还是更快、更划算?语气理解、要点信息判断。D)ItisworththemoneytakingatraintoMiami.16[预测]旧家具还是古董?古董:有益提高形象、必须保存;旧家具应当换掉,或搬一个新的办公室。要点归纳理解。C)Theoldfurnitureshouldbereplaced.17[预测]暴风雨/洪水:连续到半夜,使男子到家很迟,把所有路都淹了,让男子彻夜待在实验室。要点信息理解。B)Themangothomelateduetothestorm.18[预测]孩子们的运动:女子的孩子——喜欢团队运动、与男子的儿子踢足球;应当每周至少运动一次,没事干就感到无聊?要点理解推论。A)Thewomanssonsmightenjoyteamsports.ConversationOne[预测]19电话促销、安排商务谈判、电话接单、解决客户申诉→业务范围?20客户问题无法当天回答、客户经常把两者混淆、业务策略各异→存在的问题?21每人两周、一起度过、轮流过、每人一周→假期(答案在A或D)?→关于两人的业务和业务中的矛盾。W:SoJohn,IhearyouandArthurshareajob,dontyou?M:Yeah.WevesharedasalesjobatSonatechforabouttwoyearsnow.W:Well,howdoyoudivideupyourschedule?M:Youknowwearebothsalesrepresentatives,andwetakeordersoverthephone.Whenwestartedjobsharingitwasdifficult,becausewebothworkedalldayMonday.IworkedTuesdayandThursday,andArthurworkedWednesdayandFriday.TheproblemwasthatwhenIwasintheofficeonTuesday,Iwouldtalktopeople,thentheywouldcallbackonWednesdaywithaquestion.ButArthurcouldntanswerthequestionandhecouldntaskmeaboutitbecauseIwasntintheoffice.Sohehadtoaskthepeopletocallmebackthenextday,Thursday.Ofcourse,theydidntliketowaituntilthenextdaytohavetheirquestionsanswered.W:Yes,thatsoundslikeaproblem.M:So,finallywedecidedthatArthurwouldworkinthemorningsandIwouldworkintheafternoons.Nowifsomeonecallswiththequestionformeinthemorning,Arthurtellsthemtocallmeintheafternoon.Thisway,peoplegettheirquestionsansweredthesameday.W:Whatdoyoudoaboutvacations?M:Well,Sonatechgivestheusualtwoweeksofvacationtofulltimeemployees.ItakeaweekandArthurtakesaweek.W:Itsoundslikejobsharinghasworkedoutwellforyou.M:Yes,ithas.Wearebothhappywithit.Questions19~21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19WhatdoJohnandauthordoatSonatech?要点定位理解。C)Takeordersoverthephone.20WhatproblemdidJohnandArthurhavewhentheystartedjobsharing?要点理解归纳。A)Customers’questionscouldnotbeansweredonthesameday.21WhatdoesJohnsayabouttheirannualvacation?要点定位理解。D)Theyeachtakeaweek.ConversationTwo[预测]22方位地点:十字路口、学校附近、警察局外、幼儿园前?23他开车?没注意到什么、开得太快、45miles/hour、看不清楚?24It?两个月前就应当续办、是别人的、不再有效、是假的→驾照?25罚款35元、拿到罚单、驾照被取消、被迫在社区服务两周→处罚?→交通违章与处罚?W:MayIseeyourlicense,please?M:Butofficer,didIdosomethingwrong?W:Doyoumeantosayyoudidntseethespeedlimitsignbackthere?M:Um,no,madam,IguessIdidnt.W:Inotherwords,youdrovebytoofasttoreadit.Thesignsays35m/h.Aschoolisjustnearby,youknow?M:Dontgetmewrong,butmyspeedometerdidntreadmuchfasterthanthat.W:Then,whyisitthatmyradarshowedyouaregoing45?Letmeputitanotherway.Imgoingtohavetogiveyouaticket.Again,mayIseeyourlicense,please?M:Hereitis,officer.Butletmeexplain.IwaslateforanimportantappointmentandIwasworriedthatIwouldntmakeitontime.So...W:Uha,justaminute,here.Yourlicenseisnolongervalid.Youshouldhaverenewedittwoweeksago.Imgoingtohavetowriteyouupforthat,too.M:What?Really?W:Yourlicensebecomesinvalidonyourbirthdayandthatwastwoweeksago,accordingtothedatehere.Youareinviolationofthelaw—drivingwithoutavalidlicense.M:Imsorry,madam.Ihaventrealizedthat.W:Herestheticketfornothavingavalidlicense.ButImonlygoingtogiveyouawarningaboutexceedingthespeedlimit.Becarefulnexttime.M:Yes,madam,officer,Iwill.Thankyou.Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouvejustheard.22Wherewasthemanstoppedbythepoliceofficer?要点(地点)判断。B)Nearaschool.23Whatdidthemanclaimaboutthespeedlimitsign?要点理解推论。A)Hedidnotnoticeit.24Whatdidthewomansayaboutthemansdrivinglicense?要点定位理解。C)Itisnolongervalid.25Whatwasthemanspenalty?要点定位理解。B)Hegotaticket.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOne[预测]26They:举止古怪仿佛记忆出了问题、只要便宜就买、像第一次在那儿同样很激动、更关心价格→购物?27Those:有VIP卡的、付钞票的、需要帮助的、买15件以下的?28做什么:换一些东西、再回去多拿一些、去掉一些不需要买的、计算总价钱?29需要:忍耐、细心、交流技能、数学好?→关于购物或购物消费(者)。SinceIstartedworkingparttimeatagrocerystore,Ihavelearnedthatacustomerismorethansomeonewhobuyssomething.Tome,acustomerisapersonwhosememoryfailsentirelyonceheorshestartstopushashoppingcart.Oneofthefirstthingscustomersforgetishowtocount.Thereisnootherwaytoexplainhowsomanypeoplegetintheirexpressline,whichisclearlymarked15itemsorless,with20,25orevenacartloadofitems.Customersalsoforgetwhytheycametothestoreinthefirstplace.JustasIfinishringingupanorder,acustomerwillsay,“Oops,Iforgottopickupafreshloafofbread.IhopeyoudontmindwaitingwhileIgogetit.”Fiveminuteslater,hesbackwiththebread,abottleofmilk,andthreerollsofpapertowels.Strangeitseemscustomersalsoseemtoforgetthattheyhavetopayfortheirgroceries.InsteadofwritingacheckorlookingforacreditcardwhileIamringingupthegroceries,mycustomerswillwaituntilIannouncethetotal.Then,insurprise,shesays,“Ohno,whatdidIdowithmycheckbook?”After5minutesofdiggingthroughherpurse,sheborrowsmypenbecauseshesforgottenhers.ButIhavetobetolerantofcustomersbecausetheypaymysalary,andthatssomethingIcantaffordtoforget.Questions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutcustomers’enteringthegrocerystore?要点理解归纳。A)Theybehaveasiftheirmemorieshavefailedtotally.27Whichcustomersaresupposedtobeintheexpressline?要点定位理解。D)Thosewith15itemsorless.28Whatdoesthespeakersaysomecustomersdowhentheyarriveatthecheckoutcounter?要点理解归纳。B)Gobackandpickupmoreitems.29Whatdoesthespeakersayabouthisjobattheendofthetalk?要点定位理解。A)Itrequirestolerance.PassageTwo[预测]30Presentation和speech:简朴明了、一套理论的正式提出、巧用视频工具、自然而随意的风格?31纯熟的手势与表情、书面语和口头语风格的差异、事先准备的重要性、听众的不同偏好?32成为演说高手的关键、公共演讲的日趋重要、跨文化交际的意义、美亚文化差异→主题?→关于一次主题发言及其发言主题?ThespeechdeliverystyleofEuropeansandAsianstendstobeveryformal.Speakersoftheseculturesoftenreadoralpresentationsfromcarefullywrittenmanualscripts.Ontheotherhand,Americanspeakersaregenerallymoreinformalrelativetospeakersandothercultures.Americanaudiencesprefernatural,spontaneousdeliverythatconveysalivelysenseofcommunication.Theydontrelaywelltospeakerswhoreadfromamanualscript.Ifyouuseanoutlineofyourideasinsteadofapreparedtext,yourspeechwillnotonlysoundmorenatural,butyouwillalsobeabletoestablishbetterrelationshipwithyourlistenersandkeeptheirattention.Thelanguageandstyleyouusewhenmakinganoralpresentationshouldnotbethesameasthelanguageandstyleyouusewhenwriting.Wellwritteninformationthatismeanttobereaddoesnotworkaswellwhenitisheard.Itis,therefore,importantforyoutoadaptwrittentextsoroutlinesforpresentations.Goodspeakersaremuchmoreinformalwhenspeakingthanwhenwriting.Theyalsousetheirownwordsanddeveloptheirownspeakingstyles.Wheneverpossible,theyuseshortwords.Listenersappreciateitwhenspeakersusesimple,everydaywordsinapresentation.Oneadvantageisthatitismucheasierforspeakerstopronounceshortwordscorrectly.Anotheristhatlongandsophisticatedvocabularychoicesmakelisteningmoredifficult.Questions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.30WhatdoesthespeakersayAmericanaudiencesprefer?要点定位理解。D)Anaturalandspontaneousstyleofspeech.31Whatshouldonepayattentiontowhenmakinganoralpresentation?要点定位理解。B)Differencesinstylebetweenwritingandspeaking.32Whatdoesthespeakerfocusoninthetalk?主题归纳概括。A)Thekeytobecomingagoodspeaker.Passage3[预测]33Bydoing...:经常得到赞扬、观测老师怎么做、大人反复纠正、和别人比较→孩子学习的方法?34所有孩子机会均等、犯错极为正常、小孩发现不了自己的错误、好学生天生聪明→如何看待小孩学习中的错误?35It:有助于学习、有益于成长、独立能力强的孩子受益、有益于知识积累→某种教育方式?→关于幼儿教育。Letchildrenlearntojudgetheirownwork.Achildlearningtotalkdoesnotlearnbybeingcorrectedallthetime.Ifcorrectedtoomuch,hewillstoptalking.Hecomparesathousandtimesadaythedifferencebetweenlanguageasheusesitandlanguageasthosearoundhimuseit.Bitbybit,hemakesthenecessarychangestomakehislanguagelikeotherpeoples.Inthesameway,kidslearningtodoalltheotherthingstheylearnwithoutadultteachers,towalk,run,climb,rideabike,playgames,comparetheirownperformancewithwhatmoreskilledpeopledo,andslowlymaketheneededchanges.Butinschoolwenevergiveachildachancetodetecthismistakes.Wedoitallforhim.Weactasifwethoughthewouldnevernoticeamistakeunlessitwaspointedouttohim.Soonhebecomesdependentontheexpert.Weshouldlethimdoithimself.Lethimfigureout,withthehelpofotherchildrenifhewantsit,whatthiswordsays,whatistheanswertothatproblem,whetherthisisagoodwayofsayingordoingthisorthat.Ifrightanswersneedtobegiven,asinmathematicsorscience,givehimtheanswerbook.Lethimcorrecthisownpapers.Whyshouldweteacherswastetimeonsuchtediouswork?Ourjobshouldbetohelpchildrenwhentheytellusthattheycantfindawaytogettherightanswer.Questions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.33Howdoesachildlearntodosomethingaccordingtothespeaker?要点理解概括。D)Bycomparinghisperformancewithothers.34Whatbeliefdoteacherscommonlyholdaccordingtothespeaker?要点定位理解。C)Childrencannotdetecttheirownmistakes.35Whatdoesthespeakerimplyaboutthecurrentwayofteaching?主题观点推论。A)Itisunhelpfultostudents’learning.SectionCTimeis,fortheaverageAmerican,ofutmostimportance.Tothe(36)foreignvisitor,Americansseemtobemoreconcernedwithgettingthings(37)accomplishedontime(accordingtoapredeterminedschedule)thantheyarewithdevelopingdeep(38)interpersonalrelations.Schedules,fortheAmerican,aremeanttobeplannedandthenfollowedinthesmallest(39)detail.ItmayseemtoyouthatmostAmericansarecompletely(40)controlledbythelittlemachinestheywearontheirwrists,cuttingtheirdiscussionsoff(41)abruptlytomakeittotheirnextappointmentontime.Americans’languageisfilledwith(42)referencestotime,givingaclear(43)indicationofhowmuchitisvalued.Timeissomethingtobe“on,”tobe“kept,”“filled,”“saved,”“wasted,”“gained,”“planned,”“given,”“madethemostof,”even“killed.”Theinternationalvisitorsoonlearnsthat(44)itisconsideredveryrudetobelate—evenby10minutes—foranappointmentinAmerica.TimeissovaluedinAmerica,becausebyconsideringtimetobeimportantonecanclearlyachievemorethanifone“wastes”timeanddoesntkeepbusy.Thisphilosophyhasprovenitsworth.(45)IthasenabledAmericanstobeextremelyproductive,andproductivityitselfishighlyvaluedinAmerica.ManyAmericanproverbsstressthevalueofguardingtime,usingitwisely,andsettingandworkingtowardspecificgoals.(46)Americansbelieveinspendingtheirtimeandenergytodaysothatthefruitsoftheirlabormaybeenjoyedatalatertime.PartIVReadingComprehensionSectionA选词填空短文层次分析:这是一篇关于手机辐射对健康的影响的研究性报告。短文第二句提出主题:人们对其所知甚少。接着指出已有足够的研究证明脑部肿瘤、头痛和儿童行为异常与之相关,但还没有结论性证据,第二部分描述了一次新的实验,短文最后一句是对该实验和全文的总结。待选单词词性分类名词:G)increase增长,增长I)mission使命,任务M)regions地区;范围;部位动词:B)contributes奉献,出力,有助于(to)C)derive源于;得自(from)D)expresses表达;快递E)fixed固定;安装G)increase增长,增大H)maintain维持;维修;主张J)participate参与;加入(in)L)provides提供;规定;装备O)switched切换;开关形容词:A)conclusive决定性的;拟定性的E)fixed固定的;拟定的K)particular特别的;具体的;独有的副词:F)immensely极大地;无限地N)surprisingly惊人地;出人意外地如此多的人天天如此频繁地使用手机。但手机使用对人健康的影响为人们明确所知的却令人惊奇的有限。制造商主张在无线电频率辐射的安全面,手机是符合政府标准的。但是已有足够的研究开始证明手机使用也许会增长罕见的脑部肿瘤,头疼,以及儿童的行为障碍等问题并足以引起社会关注。迄今为止,关于使用手机是否会导致患癌几率的增长尚没有结论性证据。在一次新的实验中,研究人员规定47名志愿者参与一个通过扫描大脑来检测大脑中葡萄糖消耗量的科研项目,以此来观测细胞如何消耗能量。在两个均为50分钟的扫描检测中,每个志愿者的两只耳朵上各固定一个手机。在第一次扫描检测中,手机是关闭的。但在第二次检测中,固定在右耳的手机被打开并接受录音来电。但检测中手机音量被关闭以免声音对实验结果导致影响。第二次扫描检测的结果显示大脑中靠近手机的区域对葡萄糖的消耗率比其它区域更高。这一研究表白手机会改变脑细胞活动,并且为进一步科学探索提供了一条新的途径,尽管本实验并没有表白手机辐射是否会导致癌症的发生。47N)surprisingly缺副词,空挡后做主语的little是限定词,修饰限定词要用副词,如quiteafew,toomany,notmuch等;48H)maintain缺谓语动词。主语是复数,宾语为that从句,可选动词中非maintain莫属;49G)increase缺名词。后接介词in,表达后述病例有所“增长”;50A)conclusive缺分词或系动词的表语。后接on+whether从句,可选分词fixed和switched均可后接on但均不能与whether从句搭配;选conclusive,表达在……方面的证据具有结论性;51B)contributes缺谓语动词。后接介词to,主语是theuseofcellphones,为第三人称单数,时态是现在时,排除swiched;contributesto表达“有助于、引起、导致”;52J)participate缺动词不定式。后与介词in搭配,逻辑主语是volunteers,宾语是project:“志愿者参与一个实验项目”;53E)fixed缺宾语补足语:分词、动词原形。此处是动词have的句型“havesth.done”,选过去分词,haveaphonefixedtotheear表达“把手机固定到耳朵上”;54O)switched缺表语形容词或分词。后接介词on,主语是thephone,这里用switchon的被动形式;55M)regions缺名词。the~of结构中缺的一定是名词,句中空缺部分为主语,后与therestofthebrain进行对比,选regions表达“大脑的某些区域”;56L)provides缺谓语动词。句型结构是~sthfor~,此处谓语动词可以与shows并列,也可与change相并列,取前者,与shows并列。SectionBPassageOne这是一篇讨论就业增长数据和职场人员更替何者对求职影响更大的说明文。短文从高失业率和近乎于零的就业增长率启动,而后于第一段最后一句切入主题。第二、三段阐述职场人员更替发明更多就业机会;第四段补充说明就业增长率对就业成功率也有一定影响;最后两段概述求职成功的几个要素和对求职者的建议。正如你也许意识到的同样,最近的就业市场新闻并不乐观:失业率依旧在百分之九以上,新的就业发明率跌到接近零点。这样的状况对经济当然非常不利。假如眼下你恰巧在找工作或者希望换个职业,这样的就业状况当然特别令你沮丧。但事实上这并没有你想象的那么重要。那是由于就业增长数对求职者而言没有就业人员更替数据那样重要。现有的就业岗位毕竟天天都会随晋升,辞职,解雇,和退休而腾空。(的确,在这样经济状况下也有人退休。)无论时局好坏,人员更替提供的就业机会比经济增长自身所能提供的更多。即使在经济还在增长的2023年6月,就业增长只有13万2千,而人员更替则是470万!其结果是,即使在就业增长数接近零的今天,每月依旧有超过400万的求职者被雇佣。我并不想暗示整个就业增长率不会对个人就业能力导致影响。的确,假如总就业率很高那么可供我们选择(竞争)的职业会更多。但另一现实是现在每一个就业空缺都有更多的人在竞争,无论该空缺是新的就业机会还是旧的职业岗位。但可以成功找到工作的和没能找到工作的人之间的区别就在于他们是否能坚持积极寻找。成功者往往乐于刻苦挖掘了解自身有价值的技能、就去何处如何求职颇具发明力、懂得如何在潜在的雇主面前展示自己的潜能、甚至能在一次次的被拒绝后勇往直前。就业记录局的数据显示有270万想找工作且没有工作的人在过去的4个星期里并没有在找寻工作,因而不再被归为失业人员。所以不要被新闻标题所欺骗从而放弃寻找工作的机会。在美国每月有400万人获得就业,你完全可以是其中的一员。57C)shouldnotstoppeoplefromlookingforajob.观点归纳推论题。本题问及作者对高失业率的见解,答案见第一段最后两句和第二段第一句,而重要是第一段最后的主题句:Butitactuallyshouldntmattertoyounearlyasmuchasyouthink.推而知之。58B)Jobturnover要点理解归纳题。本题问及大多数职位空缺来自哪里。理解第二、三段就可以知道答案。59A)Itdoesnthavemucheffectonindividualjobseekers.要点定位理解题。本题题干之overalljobgrowth指向第四段第一句,答案是该句的重述。60C)Persi
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