2022年教师资格之中学英语学科知识与教学能力考前冲刺试卷A卷含答案

2022年教师资格之中学英语学科知识与教学能力考前冲刺试卷A卷含答案单选题（共50题）1、Therearedifferenttypesofaffixesormorphemes.Theaffix"-ed"intheword"learned"isknownasa（n）__________.A.derivationalmorphemeB.freemorphemeC.inflectionalmorphemeD.freeform【答案】C2、Passage2A.ThenamesandbrandsofHalloweencandiesB.TheoriginandhistoryofHalloweencandiesC.ThepopularityandfameofHalloweencandiesD.TheconsumersandmanufacturersofHalloweencandies【答案】B3、Passage2A.ThenamesandbrandsofHalloweencandiesB.TheoriginandhistoryofHalloweencandiesC.ThepopularityandfameofHalloweencandiesD.TheconsumersandmanufacturersofHalloweencandies【答案】B4、Whichofthefollowingactivitiesarenotcommunicativeactivitiesinteachingspeaking?A.InformationgapactivitiesB.Accuracy-focusedgamesC.DebatesandinterviewsD.Problem-solvingactivities【答案】B5、Whattypeofsentenceis"Tomlikesapples,butTimlikespears."?A.AsimplesentenceB.AcoordinatesentenceC.AcomplexsentenceD.Noneoftheabove【答案】B6、Passage1A.Oprahfittedinwellwithhermother'snewfamilyB.OprahneverexperiencedparentalloveshedeservedC.Oprah'sfatherdevotedallhisenergiestoeducatingherD.Oprah'sfatherplayedanimportantroleinhergrowth【答案】D7、Inthesentence“It’snousecryingoverthespiltmilk”,theitalicizedpartis______．A.anobjectB.anadverbialC.asubjectD.acomplement【答案】C8、Whatshouldtheteachertrytoavoidwhenselectinglisteningactivities?A.Thelisteningactivitymusthaveareal,communicativepurposeB.Thelisteningactivitymustcatertostudents'reallifeC.Pre-listeningtasksmusthelpstudentsidentifythepurposeofthelisteningactivityD.Theclassroomclimatesurroundingthelisteningactivitycanbeanxious【答案】D9、请阅读Passage1,完成第小题。A.AdaptB.MatchC.AcceptD.Understand【答案】C10、Ifateacherasksstudentstolistasmanywaysastheycantotellsomeonetoopenthedoorandlistthepossiblefunctionsofasentenceindifferentcontexts,he/sheisprobablytryingtohighlight__________.A.thepotentialmeaningsofasentenceB.differentrealizationsofthesamefunctionC.therelationshipbetweenformandfunctionD.differentwaysofgettingpeopletodothesamething【答案】C11、Much__________Ihavetraveled,Ihaveneverseenanyonetoequalherinefficiency.A.althoughB.asC.whileD.if【答案】B12、Therearetwokindsofmotiveforengaginginanyactivity:internalandinstrumental.Ifascientistconductsresearchbecauseshewantstodiscoverimportantfactsabouttheworld,that'saninternalmotive,sincediscoveringfactsisinherentlyrelatedtotheactivityofresearch.Ifsheconductsresearchbecauseshewantstoachievescholarlyrenown,that'saninstrumentalmotive,sincetherelationbetweenfameandresearchisnotsoinherent.Often,peoplehavebothfordoingthings.Whatmixofmotives--internalorinstrumentalorboth--ismostconducivetosuccess?Youmightsupposethatascientistmotivatedbyadesiretodiscoverfactsandbyadesiretoachieverenownwilldobetterworkthanascientistmotivatedbyjustoneofthosedesires.Surelytwomotivesarebetterthanone.ButasweandourcolleaguesargueinapapernewlypublishedintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,instrumentalmotivesarenotalwaysanassetandcanactuallybecounterproductivetosuccess.Weanalyzeddatadrawnfrom11320cadetsinnineenteringclassesattheUnitedStatesMilitaryAcademyatWestPoint,allofwhomratedhowmucheachofasetofmotivesinfluencedtheirdecisiontoattendtheacademy.ThemotivesincludedthingslikeadesiretogetagoodjoblaterinlifeandadesiretobetrainedasaleaderintheUnitedStatesArmyA.ToservethecountryB.ToreceivecareertrainingC.ToearnmoneyforcollegeD.Tobroadentheirscopeofvision【答案】A13、Iwouldappreciate__________greatlyifyoucouldgivemeathree-dayleave.A.youB.itC.thatD.myself【答案】B14、Whichofthefollowinghelpsassesslanguageperformances?A.AskingstudentstoreflectonwhatactivitiesattractthemmostB.AskingstudentsabouttheirattitudestowardsacertaingameC.AskingstudentstodrawpicturesaccordingtodescriptionD.Askingthestudentstodoaquizattheendofthelesson【答案】D15、Passage1A.accusationB.enthusiasmC.indifferenceD.tolerance【答案】A16、请阅读Passagel，完成此题。A.TextmessageshaveallowedchildrentolearnandfeelempathyB.Cellphoneshavemadechildren'slifeatschoolcolorfulandexcitingC.ExperiencinglonelinessorsadnessisasbeneficialasenjoyinghappinessD.Cellphonesmayofferpeoplethequickestwaytofindsomeonetotalkto【答案】C17、PresidentArlinghasputhislongawaitedeconomicrestructuringprogrambeforetheCongress.ItprovidesacoordinateD.programofinvestmentcredits,researchgrants,educationreforms,andchangesdesignedtomakeAmericanindustrymoreA.thetwoparties’objectionB.differentideasofthetwopartiesabouttheplanC.itspassageD.distortion【答案】D18、BernardBailynhasrecentlyreinterpretedtheearlyhistoryoftheUnitedStatesbyapplyingnewsocialresearchfindingsontheexperiencesofEuropeanmigrants．Inhisreinterpretation，migrationbecomestheorganizingprincipleforrewritingthehistoryofpreindustrialNorthAmerica．Hisapproachrestsonfourseparatepropositions．A.BailynunderestimatestheeffectsofPuritanthoughtonNorthAmericancultureB.BailynoveremphasizestheeconomicdependenceofthecoloniesonGreatBritainC.Bailyn’sdescriptionofthecoloniesaspartofanAnglo-AmericanempireismisleadingandincorrectD.BailynfailedtotesthispropositionsonaspecificgroupofmigrantstocolonialNorthAmerica【答案】A19、BernardBailynhasrecentlyreinterpretedtheearlyhistoryoftheUnitedStatesbyapplyingnewsocialresearchfindingsontheexperiencesofEuropeanmigrants．Inhisreinterpretation，migrationbecomestheorganizingprincipleforrewritingthehistoryofpreindustrialNorthAmerica．Hisapproachrestsonfourseparatepropositions．A.HighcultureinNewEnglandneverequaledthehighcultureofEnglandB.TheculturalachievementsofcolonialNewEnglandhavegenerallybeenunrecognizedbyhistoriansC.ThecolonistsimitatedthehighcultureofEngland，anddidnotdevelopaculturethatwasuniquelytheirownD.ThesoutherncoloniesweregreatlyinfluencedbythehighcultureofNewEngland【答案】A20、Someteenagersharbourageneralizedresentmentagainstsociety，which________themtherightsandprivilegesofadults，althoughphysicallytheyaremature．A.deprivesB.restrictsC.rejectsD.denies【答案】D21、Thechildrenlinedupandwalkedout__________.A.inpersonB.inprivateC.inorderD.inprogress【答案】C22、请阅读短文，完成此题。A.ModerncitynovelsB.HistoricalromancesC.SciencefictionD.Warstories【答案】C23、Tocultivatecommunicativecompetence，whatshouldcorrectionfocusonA.LinguisticformsB.CommunicativestrategiesC.GrammaticalrulesD.Wordings【答案】B24、Passage1A.WheredohumansfitintothispictureB.WillmachineseventuallyreplacehumanbeingsC.Whichcouldrevolutionizemyownjob,teachingatschoolD.Whowillprosperandwhowillnotinthismachineeconomy【答案】D25、TheBritishMedicalJournalrecentlyfeaturedastrongresponsetowhatwasjudgedaninappropriatelylenientreactionbyamedicalschooltoastudentcheatinginanexamination.A.Family,cultureandsocietyplayanactivepartB.BadschoolenvironmentistheleadingcauseofstudentcheatingC.Parentsarealwaystoblamefortheirchildren'scheatingbehaviourD.CheatingexistsprimarilybecausestudentslearnbadthingsfromTV【答案】A26、Passage1A.ItimprovespersonalabilitiesB.ItbuildsupasenseofdutyC.ItpushessocietyforwardD.Itencouragesindividualefforts【答案】C27、Thereisnodoubt__________,inmyopinion,__________mattersisnotthespeed,butthequalityoftheproduct．A.what;whatB.that;thatC.that;ifD.that;what【答案】D28、WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutlanguageisNOTtrue?A.LanguageisasystemB.LanguageissymbolC.AnimalsalsohavelanguageD.Languageisarbitrary【答案】C29、Passage2A.TheyarelikelytoleadtoseriousenvironmentalproblemsB.ConsumersfinditdifficulttotellthetruefromthefalseC.TheycouldarousewidespreadangeramongconsumerD.Consumerswillbetemptedtobuyproductstheydon'tneed【答案】B30、Whatwouldateacheraskstudentstodoifhe/sheintendstodeveloptheirskimmingskill?A.TorewritethetextB.ToreadforspecificinformationC.TopredictthecontextofthetextD.Toreadforthegeneralideaofthetext【答案】D31、Iboughtanewbicycle,__________wasveryhigh.A.thepriceofwhichB.whichpriceC.priceofwhichD.whichtheprice【答案】A32、Naturally,she_____thatoncetherewasanewfilmeverybodywouldbeeagertogoandseeit.A.hadassumedB.assumedC.hasassumedD.wasassuming【答案】B33、Drunkendriving,sometimescalledAmerica'ssociallyacceptedformofmurder,hasbecomeanationalepidemic.EveryhourofeverydayaboutthreeAmericansonaveragearekilledhyA.DrunkendrivinghascausednumerousfatalitiesintheUnitedStatesB.It'srecommendabletoprohibitalcoholdrinkingaroundtheUnitedStatesC.TheAmericansocietyistryinghardtopreventdrunkendrivingD.DrunkendrivinghasbecomeanationalepidemicintheUnitedState【答案】D34、BernardBailynhasrecentlyreinterpretedtheearlyhistoryoftheUnitedStatesbyapplyingnewsocialresearchfindingsontheexperiencesofEuropeanmigrants．Inhisreinterpretation，migrationbecomestheorganizingprincipleforrewritingthehistoryofpreindustrialNorthAmerica．Hisapproachrestsonfourseparatepropositions．A.AlargerpercentageofmigrantstocolonialNorthAmericacameasindenturedservantsthanasfreeagentsinterestedinacquiringlandB.MigrantswhocametothecoloniesasindenturedservantsweremoresuccessfulatmakingalivelihoodthanwerefarmersandartisansC.MigrantstocolonialNorthAmericaweremoresuccessfulatacquiringtheirownlandduringthe18thcenturythanduringthe17thcenturyD.Bythe1730’s，migrantsalreadyskilledinatradewereinmoredemandbyAmericanemployersthanwereunskilledlaborers【答案】D35、Whatismissingatthediscourselevelbetweenthetwosentences"Carollovestomatoes．ShewasborninAfrica．"A.ReferenceB.CohesionC.CoherenceD.Substitution【答案】C36、Thepairofwords"buy"and"sell"are________opposites.A.gradableB.relationalC.complementaryD.dialectal【答案】B37、CampaigningontheIndianfrontierisanexperiencebyitself.NeitherthelandscapenorthepeoplefindtheircounterpartsA.MeltingsnowsB.LargepopulationC.SteephillsidesD.Fertilevalleys【答案】B38、Whichofthefollowingmayillustratethedifferencebetween"competence"and__________"performance"?A.Whataperson"knows"andwhathe/she"does"B.Whataperson"cando"andwhathe/she"does"C.Whataperson"does"andwhathe/she"knows"D.Whataperson"does"andwhathe/she"cando"【答案】A39、WhichofthefollowingisthelaststepintheprocessofwritingessaysA.EditingthewritingsB.WritingtopicsentencesforparagraphsC.GatheringinformationandideasrelevanttothetopicD.Organizingtheinformationandideasintoalogicalsequence【答案】A40、Theword"offend"originallymeant"tostrikeagainst",butnowthewordsignifies"tocreateorexciteanger".Thisisanexampleof__________.A.meaningshiftB.broadeningofmeaningC.narrowingofmeaningD.lossofmeaning【答案】B41、Thepolicehaveofferedalarge__________forinformationleadingtotherobber'sarrest.A.awardB.compensationC.prizeD.reward【答案】D42、WhichofthefollowingwordsdoesNOTrepresenta"P"ofthree-PmodelA.PresentationB.PracticeC.Pre-readingD.Production【答案】C43、Thechildrenlinedupandwalkedout__________.A.inpersonB.inprivateC.inorderD.inprogress【答案】C44、Ifglobalwarminggoesonlikethis,MaldivesintheIndianOcean__________inthecentury?tocome.A.disappearsB.disappearedC.hasdisappearedD.isgoingtodisappear【答案】D45、Tom,seethatyoursistergetssafelyback,__________A.canyouB.won'tweC.won'tyouD.shouldwe【答案】C46、Passage1A.TheirworksarefullofobscuritiesB.NoneoftheirworkswonanovernightsuccessC.MostofthemremainedunknowntothepublicforyearsD.Theyhavegreatdifficultygettingtheirworkspublished【答案】C47、请阅读Passage2，完成第小题。A.AntiquitieshuntersB.EnvironmentaldamageC.TheoptionalnumberoftouristsD.Visitorsexceedingtheoptimalnumber【答案】D48、请阅读短文，完成此题。A.BecausetheliteraturewebsitesareratherprofessionalandspecializedB.Becauseitcaneasethewriters'burdenandfocusmoreontheirworkC.BecausesheisnotinterestedinnegotiatingwithTVproducersD.BecauseTVproducersspeakhighlyoftheliteraturewebsites【答案】B49、Therearetwokindsofmotiveforengaginginanyactivity:internalandinstrumental.Ifascientistconductsresearchbecauseshewantstodiscoverimportantfactsabouttheworld,that'saninternalmotive,sincediscoveringfactsisinherentlyrelatedtotheactivityofresearch.Ifsheconductsresearchbecauseshewantstoachievescholarlyrenown,that'saninstrumentalmotive,sincetherelationbetweenfameandresearchisnotsoinherent.Often,peoplehavebothfordoingthings.Whatmixofmotives--internalorinstrumentalorboth--ismostconducivetosuccess?Youmightsupposethatascientistmotivatedbyadesiretodiscoverfactsandbyadesiretoachieverenownwilldobetterworkthanascientistmotivatedbyjustoneofthosedesires.Surelytwomotivesarebetterthanone.ButasweandourcolleaguesargueinapapernewlypublishedintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,instrumentalmotivesarenotalwaysanassetandcanactuallybecounterproductivetosuccess.Weanalyzeddatadrawnfrom11320cadetsinnineenteringclassesattheUnitedStatesMilitaryAcademyatWestPoint,allofwhomratedhowmucheachofasetofmotivesinfluencedtheirdecisiontoattendtheacademy.ThemotivesincludedthingslikeadesiretogetagoodjoblaterinlifeandadesiretobetrainedasaleaderintheUnitedStatesArmyA.MotivationandFameB.TwoTypesofMotivesC.TheSecretofEffectiveMotivationD.TheStudyontheFunctionofMotives【答案】C50、__________aimstohelpstudentstopayattentiontoteachingcontentefficientlyatthebeginningoftheclass.A.Lead-inB.PresentationC.PreparationD.Practice【答案】A大题（共10题）一、下列教学片段选自某高中课堂实录，阅读后回答问题：T:Ok!Next,let'sreadthetextandchoosethebestheadingforeachparagraph.Readthepassageandchoosethebestheadingforeachparagraph.(5minuteslater)T:Now,whocanshowustheanswer?S1:B,A,C,F,E.T:Youareclever,but,doyouhaveanyotherideasforParagraph3?SI:Ohsorry,It'sD.T:Excellent!Nowwehaveknownthemainmeaningofeachparagraph.Thistimelet'sreadeachparagraphcarefully.Then,makeagroupdiscussionandtrytofillintheform.10minutesplease.(10minuteslater.)T:Timeisup.Whichgroupwantstoshowyourformtous?Ok,Group1.S2:...【答案】(1)从三维目标上分析教学目标：知识目标：学生能够知道文章的主要内容．以及文章的细节信息。能力目标：通过泛读和精读两个任务的分层训练，学生的阅读能力有所提升，能掌握训读的阅读策。情感态度目标：通过小组活动，学生能够提高合作意识，体验合作学习的快乐。(2)该教学片段属于阅读教学中的新课讲授环节。在本环节中．教师安排了初读感知和精细研读两个部分的阅读训练，层层深入地引导学生积极探索新知，通过具体任务的设置训练了学生的阅读能力，使学生掌握了寻读的阅读策。在教学中运用了小组合作的学习方式，提高了学生的口语表达能力，培养了学生的团队精神和合作意识。(3)该教师采用的反馈方式是口头反馈、启发学生自己改错的方式。在外语教学中，教师不应该像监控器一样监控学生的语言输出。教学的最终目的是要促进迁移发生，也就是说，要启发学生学会用自己已经掌握的知识对自己的交际进行监控，自己改正错误。所以，该教师的做法启发了学生的思维，引导学生自己发现问题并改正，从而能更好地提高学生的学习效率，达到语言训练的目的。同时，该教师的反馈具有激励性，学生回答出错是很正常的情况，教师对此给予积极的鼓励会帮助学生树立学习的自信心，培养学习的兴趣。二、根据题目要求完成下列任务。用中文作答。下面是某初中课堂实录的教学片段。T:Ok!Next,let′sreadthetextandchoosethebestheadingforeachparagraph．Readthepassageandchoosethebestheadingforeachparagraph．(5minuteslater)T:Now,whocanshowustheanswer?S1:B,A,C,F,E．T:Youareclever,but,doyouhaveanyotherideasforParagraph3?S1:Ohsorry,It′sD．T:Excellent!Nowwehaveknownthemainmeaningofeachparagraph．Thistimelet′sreadeachparagraphcarefully．Then,makeagroupdiscussionandtrytofillintheform．10minutesplease．(10minuteslater．)T:Timeisup．Whichgroupwantstoshowyourformtous?Ok,Group1．S2:．．．T:Welldone．Doyouagreewiththem?【答案】(1)教学目标：知识目标：学生能够知道文章的主要内容，以及文章的细节信息。能力目标：通过泛读和精读两个任务的分层训练，学生的阅读能力有所提升，能掌握寻读的阅读策略。情感目标：通过小组活动，学生能够提高合作意识，体验合作学习的快乐。(2)该教学片段属于阅读教学中的新课讲授环节。在本环节中，教师安排了初读感知和精细研读两个部分的阅读训练。层层深入地引导学生积极探索新知，通过具体任务的设置训练了学生的阅读能力，使学生掌握寻读的阅读策略。在教学中运用了小组合作的学习方式，提高了学生的口语表达能力，培养了学生的团队精神和合作意识。(3)该教师采用的反馈方式是口头反馈、启发学生自己改错的方式。在外语教学中，教师不应该像监控器一样监控学生的语言输出。教学的最终目的是要促进迁移发生，也就是说，要启发学生学会用自己已经掌握的知识对自己的交际进行监控，自己改正错误。所以，该教师的做法启发了学生的思维，引导学生自己发现问题并改正，从而能更好地提高学生的学习效率，达到语言训练的目的。同时，该教师的反馈具有激励性，学生回答出错是很正常的情况，教师对此给予积极的鼓励会帮助学生树立学习的自信心，培养学习的兴趣。三、根据题目要求完成下列任务，用中文作答。以下是某堂课的教学材料：?Betty:HiMum,canyouhearme?Mum:Yes,Ican.Whereareyou?Betty:I'mstandingontheGreatWallofChinaandtalkingtoyou.Mum:Really?Betty:We'reonaschooltripandwe'vehavinglunch.Andwe'relyinginthesunandwe'retakinglotsofphotos.Mum:That'sgreat,Betty.Whataretheothersdoing?Betty:Well,Tonyiseatinganicecream,andLucyisbuyingsomepresentsandpostcards.AndTomiseatinglunchandlyinginthesun.Mum:Canyousendmeapostcard?Betty:Yes.LucyandIarewritingpostcards.We'reenjoyingtheschooltripalot.Anyway,we'regoinghomenow.Bye!Mum:Byebye,Betty!根据材料内容回答以下三个问题。【答案】(1)语篇指的是实际使用的语言单位，是一次交际过程中的一系列连续的话段或句子所构成的语言整体。根据韩礼德的观点，语篇是一个语义单位或意义潜势的现实化，任何一个Ll头或书面语言片段，不论其长短，只要能构成一个语义整体，即表达完整的意思，就可以称之为语篇。根据语篇的概念，该材料属于会话语篇。(2)这份材料适合于口语教学。理由：①材料语言比较简单，没有生僻词汇，句式偏向口语化，适合用于口语练习；②选材偏向生活化，有生活气息，适合平时与人交际使用，英语口语的最终目的就是让学生达到沟通交流，因此会话语篇可以提供一个交流的环境。③材料以对话形式呈现有问有答，也有连读和吞音部分，对于语音语调的学习都是很好的内容。(3)考虑要素：①教学内容要素：教学内容是要完成的教学任务，是实现教学目标的主要载体。因此教师在选择材料时，将教科书作为主要依据，教材分析基本关注教学的重点、难点及考点方面，比较注重显性教材的运用而忽视隐性教材的挖掘和利用，较少关注与学习教材内容有密切关系的认知和心理因素，以及教材对学生能力的要求，而对教学的重点和难点也只是阐述其内容，没有做进一步的分析。在新课改背景下，教学内容分析既要求对显性教材的运用，也要求对隐性教材的挖掘和利用。②教学对象要素：学生是分析教学任务必须要考虑的因素，分析学生是为了帮助学生解决学习中的困难，完成教学任务。教师应该做到以下两点：一是要了解教学活动开始前学生在认知、情感、态度等方面已经达到了什么样的水平，这一水平标志着学生已经能做什么，说什么，想明白了什么等(即学生的学历和学情)。这是学生掌握新的学习任务的起点水平。二是要了解教授了教学材料后预期学生在认知、情感、态度等方面必须达到的状态。对这种状态的把握最终会转化为确定的教学任务与具体的学习目标。只有当教师对教学前和教学后这两种状态的差距做到心中有数时．才能根据学生的实际情况．确定恰当的教学内容。③教学目标要素：教学目标是教育者在教学过程中，希望受教育者达到的要求或产生的变化结果，也是教师完成教学任务的归宿。新课程标准从关注学生的学习出发，强调学生是学习的主体，教学目标是教学活动中师生共同追求的，而不是由教师所操纵的。因此，教学目标的主体显然应该是学生。教师在选择教学材料的同时也要以学生为出发点，思考需要完成怎样的教学目标或达到怎样的教学效果。四、根据题目要求完成下列任务，用中文作答。简述scanning的含义并举一例说明其基本用途。写出训练该项技能时的三条注意事项，?并用英语写出两句相关的教师指令语。【答案】(1)scanning的含义：scanning译为“找读，扫读，寻读，查读”，是一种快速阅读方式，其目的是从较长的文字资料中查寻特定的细节内容。寻读要求即快又准，要在短时间内准确地找到目标。基本用途：例如：在教学“NelsonMandela—AModemHero”一课时，可以通过设置寻读活动“Askstudentstoscanthepassagein5minutesandcompletethechan-ATimelineofElias’Life”．让学生在5分钟内扫读文章，然后根据时间顺序填写表格。通过寻读活动，可以帮助学生了解文章特定信息，提高学生的阅读速度。找读是教师需要训练学生提高的阅读能力之一。(2)注意事项：①在设计寻读活动时，要有明确的时限规定，以促使学生在较短的时间内完成任务。②在设计寻读活动时，要引导学生借助关键词快速锁定寻读目标，切忌从头逐字地寻找，导致学生的寻读技巧未得到有效的培养。③在设计寻读活动时，教师的指令要清楚，不能过于简单，这会造成学生不清楚做什么的局面，从而影响阅读效果。指令中应包含学生应在多长时间内(timelimit)，通过怎么读(how)，读出什么(what)等信息。教师指令语：①ScantheParagraphs3-5in5minutestogetenoughinformationtofillthetable．②Scanthefirsttenlinesin3minutesandanswerthefollowingtwoquestions．五、根据题目要求完成下列任务，用中文作答。下面是某初中教师的课堂教学片段。(TaskedSstomakesentencesaccordingtotheinformationontheBb.)T:Now,let′slookattheblackboardandmakesentences.Isay"Idon′thaveabasketball"andyousay"Ourteacherdoesn′thaveabasketball".Isay"Ihaveavolleyball"andyousay"Ourteacherhasavolleyball".LiXing,makethethirdsentence...(TwrotesentencesontheBb.)LiXing:Tomhaveatennisracket.T:IsitcorrectNo,weshouldsayitlikethis"Tomhasatennisracket".Wedon′tput"have"after"He,She,Tom,Lucy".Weshouldsay"Hehas...,Shehas...,Tomhas...,Lucyhas...".(TwrotethewrongsentenceontheBbandcorrectedit.)T:Nextone,LiLei,please.LiLei:Jimhasaping-pongball.T:Yes.(TwroteitontheBb.)Nextone,ZhangHong,please.ZhangH0ng:LiLeidon′thaveasoccerball.T:No,no,no.Wrongagain.WhatisthecorrectanswerSs:LiLeidoesn′thaveasoccerball.T:Yes.(TwrotethecorrectanswerontheBb.)【答案】(1)①学生在英语学习过程中缺少语言环境，受母语表达习惯影响。②与汉语不同，英语谓语动词需要随着时态、人称和数的变化而变化。(2)该教师采用了直接纠错法来纠正学生的错误，即学生出现语言错误时，教师对其错误予以正面纠正(说出正确的语言形式，并让学生改正)。(3)①在课堂教学过程中，特别是在提问的过程中，很多学生都缺乏自信，羞于开口说英语。针对学生回答错误的情况，教师应当以鼓励性评价为主，采用多种方法适时地纠错。通过表情、手势、语调等对学生的答案进行评价是教师课堂最常见的反馈形式之一。学生回答问题时谓语动词使用错误，教师最好不要马上否认学生，试着多次重复，并放慢语速，或者摆摆手、摇摇头等，启发学生自己发现错误并改正，并且在此过程中不失时机地给予学生积极强化，这样学生会记得更牢，自信心也不会受打击。②为了有效地纠正学生在英语课堂上出现的语言错误，就必须明确错误产生的原因，这样才能“对症下药”，进而进行有效的引导。教学片段中回答错误的学生主要是由于受母语的干扰，对于新的语言规则掌握不熟练。教师应该在纠正错误的基础上，指导学生掌握有效的学习策略，例如归纳学习、演绎学习、情境学习、认知强化练习等，从而达到“药到病除”的效果。六、根据题目要求完成下列任务。用中文作答。阅读所给材料，回答下列三个问题：(1)这两份材料分别属于哪种语篇类型?(6分)(2)这两份材料分别适合于哪种课堂教学?说明理由(至少写出两个要点)。(12分)(3)分析教师选用文本材料时需要考虑的基本要素(至少写出三个要点)。(12分)材料1Tom:HelloAlice.I'minterestedinyourworksavingbirds!Whatdoyouthinkisthemostdifficultpartofyourwork?Alice:Well...Isupposeit'ssavingwildbirdscoveredinoil.That'sthemostdifficultofall.Tom:Howdoesthathappen?Alice:Theoilcomesfromboats.Itfloatsonthewaterandcoversthebird'sfeatherswhentheyswimthroughit.Tom:Thatsoundsterrible.Whatdoyoudoaboutit?Alice:Thefirstthingwedoistomakesurethebirdhasn'ttriedtocleanitselfwithitsbeak.Asitdoesso,thebirdeatssomeoilandbecomessick.【答案】(1)语篇指的是实际使用的语言单位，是一次交际过程中的一系列连续的语段或句子所构成的语言整体。根据韩礼德的观点，语篇是一个语义单位或意义潜势的现实化．任何一个口头或书面语言片段，不论其长短，只要能构成一个语义整体，即表达完整的意思．就可以称之为语篇。语篇之所以重要．是由于它是交际过程中传递(口头或书面的)信息的语言形式：根据语篇的概念，第一篇属于会话语篇，第二篇属于段落语篇。(2)第一篇适合口语教学．第二篇适合阅读教学。理由：①第一篇语言比较简单，没有生僻词汇，句式偏向口语化，适合用于口语练习；第二篇语言偏向书面化，词汇相对较复杂，并且多了长难句，适合进行句子的分析，因此适合阅读教学。②第一篇偏向生活化，有生活气息．适合平时与人交际使用．英语口语的最终目的就是让学生达到沟通交流．因此会话语篇可以提供这样一个交流的环境。第二篇偏向说明性语言，是补充介绍知识的．因此可以作为阅读材料来使学生在知识层面有所丰富和提高．同时也加强了语言理解方面的训练。(3)需要考虑的基本要素：①教学内容要素教学内容是要完成的教学任务，是实现教学目标的主要载体。因此教师在选择材料时．需将教科书作为主要依据。教材分析基本关注教学的重点、难点及考点方面。比较注重显性教材的运用而忽视隐性教材的挖掘和利用，较少关注与学习教材内容有密切关系的认知和心理因素．以及教材对学生能力的要求，而对教学的重点和难点也只是阐述其内容，没有做进一步的分析。在新课改背景下，教学内容分析既要有对显性教材的运用，也要有对隐性教材的挖掘和利用。⑦教学对象要素学生是分析教学任务必须要考虑的因素．分析学生是为了帮助学生解决学习中的困难．完成教学任务。教师应该做到以下两点：一是要了解教学活动开始前学生在认知、情感、态度等方面已经达到了什么样的水平，这一水平标志着学生已经能做什么，说什么，想明白了什么等(即学生的学情)。这是学生掌握新的学习任务的起点水平。二是要了解教授了教学材料后预期学生在认知、情感、态度等方面必须达到的状态。对这种状态的把握最终会转化为确定的教学任务与具体的学习目标。只有当教师的心中对教学前和教学后这两种状态的差距做到心中有数时。才能根据学生的实际情况，确定恰当的教学内容。③教学目标要素教学目标是教育者在教学过程中，希望受教育者达到的要求或产生的变化结果，也是教师完成教学任务的归宿。新课程标准从关注学生的学习出发，强调学生是学习的主体，教学目标是教学活动中师生共同追求的，而不是由教师所操纵的。因此，教学目标的主体显然应该是学生。教师在选择教学材料的同时也要以学生为出发点．思考需要完成怎样的教学目标或达到怎样的教学效果。七、设计任务：请阅读下面学生信息和语言素材，设计一节课的教学方案。教案没有固定格式，但须包含下列要点：·teachingobjectives·teachingcontents·keyanddifficultpoints·majorstepsandtimeallocation·activitiesandjustification教学时间：45分钟学生概况：某城镇普通中学高中一年级第一学期学生，班级人数40人。多数学生已经达到《普通高中英语课程标准》（实验）五级水平。学生课堂参与积极性一般。语言素材：Pompeii:ThefactsAugust24,intheyearAD79,begannormallyforthepeopleinPompeii,atownatthefootof?MountVesuvius.Farmerswentouttotheirfields,shopkeeperssetouttheirgoodsforsale,craftspeople?openedtheirworkshopsandtherichwalkedtothepublicbathswhiletheirservantscleanedtheirhouses?andwashedtheirclothes.Unfortunately,theendofthedaywasfarfromnormalforthe20,000citizensof?Pompeii.Earlyintheafternoon,whenmanypeoplewererestingfromtheheatoftheday,MountVesuvius?erupted.Millionsoftonnesofash,lavaandpumicepouredontothesurroundinghillsideandoverthe?townofPompeiiandothertownsandvillages.ByeveningPompeiiwasburiedunder3-5metersofashand?mud,andatleast2,000men,womenandchildrenwereburiedwiththeirtown.【答案】Teachingobjectives:（1）KnowledgeobjectiveStudentscanmasterthewordsaboutvolcanoeruptionsandtheusageof"erupt".（2）AbilityobjectiveStudentscandescribenaturaldisastersandpastevents.（3）EmotionobjectiveStudentscanspeakEnglishconfidentlyinfrontoftheclass.TeachingContents:ThepassageisabouthowthecityofPompeiiwasdestroyedbyvolcanoeruption.Teachingkeypoints:Studentscanmasterthewordsaboutvolcanoeruptionandknowhowtodescribeanaturaldisaster.Teachingdifficultpoints:Studentscandescribeanaturaldisasterbyusingthewordsandsentencestructurestheyhavelearned.Teachingprocedures:Step1Lead-in（5minutes）八、下面是某教师的课堂教学片段：T:Whatdidyourmumdoyesterday,WangLinS:Mymumbuyedthedressforme.T:Oh,thatisnice.Yourmumboughtitforyou,didsheS:Yes.T:WheredidshebuyitS:Shebuyeditintown.T:Oh,sheboughtitintownforyou.Well,itisverynice.请根据所给材料回答下列三个问题。(1)学生在对话中的语言错误是什么(2)该教师采用什么方式来纠正学生的错误效果如何(3)教师还可以采用哪些方式纠错请举例说明。【答案】(1)该学生犯了13语语法错误，用错了动词过去式的形式。即Mymumbuyedthedressforme.buyed→bought，Shebuyeditintown.buyed→bought。(2)该教师采用了重述法(Recasts)来纠正学生的错误。教师对学生语言表达中的错误进行了含蓄纠正。即先进行部分肯定之后用正确的语言重述学生的表达，不指出错误，而通过不同的语气(如反问)、语调、眼神、动作等，让学生自己意识到自己的错误。此纠错技巧对于纠正学生口语中的语法错误比较有效。(3)①直接纠错法(ExplicitCorrection)当学生出现语言错误时，教师打断语言训练或实践活动，对其错误予以正面纠正(说出正确的语言形式。并让学生改正)。这种纠错方式常用于旨在让学生掌握正确的语言形式而进行的机械操练或侧重语言精确输出的各种练习中。教师可用以下课堂用语：Youshouldsay…/No，youshouldn’tsaythat…/Readafterme./Payattentionto…/Oh，youmean…，Wedon’tsay…inEnglish，wesay…等，例如：T：WhatdidyoudolastnightS：Igotoseeamoviewithmyparents.T：Oh.Youshouldsay“Iwenttoseeamoviewithmyparents”.S：Oh.sorry.1wenttoseeamoviewithmyparents.②强调纠错法(Pinpointing)教师重复学生的话.有意重读并拖长出错部分的发音或用升调以表示特别强调。这种方法常用于学生的自我纠错。这样既能纠正学生的口语错误，保证学生顺利进行口头叙述，又能顾及学生的自尊心，促进他们参与口语活动的积极性。例如：T：WheredidyougoonvacationthissummerS：IgotoHongKongformyvacation.T：YougotoHongKongS：Oh.1wenttoHongKongformyvacation.九、设计任务：请阅读下面学生信息和语言素材，设计一节课的教学方案。该方案没有固定格式，但须包含下列要点：Teachingobjectives？Teachingcontents？Keyanddifficultpoints？Majorstepsandtimeallocation？Activitiesandjustifications？教学时间：45分钟？学生概况：某城镇普通中学高中一年级第一学期学生，班级人数40人。多数学生已经达到《普通高中英语课程标准（实验）》五级水平。学生课堂参与积极性一般。语言素材：TheAncientOlympicGames？TheoriginalOlympicGameswerepartofanimportantreligiousfestivaltohonortheGreekgods,es-peciallyZeus.Theywereheldinavalley