2023年职称英语真题综合A

202３年全国职称英语等级考试综合类A级试题及参考答案第1部分：词汇选项（第1~１5题,每题1分，共1５分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有横线,请为每处划线部分拟定１个意义最为接近的选项。1.Therulesaretoｏrｉgidtｏaｌｌowforｈumanerror．A.inｆlexiｂleB.ｇｅｎeralC．complexＤ.ｄiｒect2.Thisspｅcｉｅshasneａｒlｙdiedouｔbｅcａuseiｔshabitatｉsｂｅingｄｅstｒoyｅd.Ａ.tｕrneｄdeaｄＢ.pａsseｄｂyＣ.caｒrｉｅdａｗayD.becoｍeextincｔ3.Theｃoｎtraｃｔbeｔweentheｔｗoｃompａｎieswiｌlexpiresoon.A．ShortｅｎＢ.endC.stａrｔD.reｓume4.Threeworｌd-claｓsteｎnisｐlayeｒｓｃametｏｃoｎｔｅntfｏｒthistｉtlｅ.A.ArguｅB.claｉmC．wishＤ.coｍpete５.Themｅthｏdsｏｆｃoｍｍunicationuseddｕrｉngｔhｅwａrwｅｒｅprimitive．Ａ．simｐｌeB.ReliａbleＣ.EffectiveD.ａltｅｒnａｔｉｖe6.Ｒespｅctforliｆeｉｓａｃaｒdｉnａｌpriｎｃipleoｆtheｌaw.Ａ.moｒalB．RｅgularC.FunｄamentａｌD.ｈard7.Thedｒｉnkingwａteｒhaｓbｅcamecontaｍinatｅｄwithlead．Ａ．poｌlｕteｄＢ.tｒeatedC．testedD.corｒuｐｔed８.Cｏmeout，orI’llbustthedｏorｄowｎ．Ａ.shutB．ｓeｔC.breakD.bｅat9.Sｈeshｅｄaｆewtearsatｈeｒdaughter’sweddｉng.A.wipｅdB.ＩｎjectｅdC.prｏｄｕcedＤ.remｏｖｅd１0.Ｔｈeyｄiｄn’tseemｔoａpprecｉａtｅthemagnitudeofｔhｅproｂlem.Ａ.eｘistencｅＢ.ｉmｐoｒtanceC.CａｕseＤ．situaｔion11．Ｔhetoweｒremainsiｎtaｃteｖerafｔｅｒtｗoｈundredyeaｒs.Ａ．ｕnknowｎＢ.UnusualC.UｎdａｍagedＤ.unstaｂle1２.Mａｎyexpertsｒemaiｎｓｋｅpticalabouthisclａｉms.A.dｏubtｆuｌB.untｏｕｃhｅdＣ.CerｔａinD.siｌｅｎt13．Thepropｏsａlwaｓenｄｏrseｄthemajｏｒｉtyofmemｂｅrs．Ａ.ReｊｅcteｄB.sｕbmittｅdC.conｓidｅredD.aｐproved14.Ｒｕmｏrsｂｅｇａntｏｃirｃuｌａteａboｕthisfiｎancialｐrｏｂｌems.A.seｎdＢ.ｓpreadC.hｅarD.coｎfirm15.Thepoｌiｃewｉllneeｄｔokeｅpawaｒyeyeonｔhｉsareaｏｆtｏwn.A.nakedＢ.cautiouｓC.bｌｉndＤ.pｒiｖate参考答案:１．A2.D３.B4.D5．A6.C７.A8.C9.C10.B11.C１2.A13．D1４．B15．B第2部分:阅读判断(第16~22题，每题1分,共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断:假如该句提供的是对的信息，请选择A;假如该句提供的是错误信息，请选择Ｂ；假如该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。MaｕＰiailuｇ,OceaｎＮaｖｉgatｏrInｅarly１976,afisherｍan,leｄanｅxpｅditｉoｎｉnwｈicｈhｅｓailedatraｄｉｔioｎａｌPolynｅｓｉａnboatacross2,500mileｓofoceanｆromＨawaｉｉtoＴahiti.TheＰoｌyneｓianVｏyagingSｏｃietｙhａdｏrgaｎiｚedtｈeexpeｄitｉon.Itspurpｏsewａstｏfindouｔifseaｆareｒs（海员）inｔhediｓｔanｔpａstcouldhavefｏundtheiｒwaｙfromoｎeislandtotheｏthｅrwitｈoutｎaｖigationａlinstrumｅｎts,ｏｒｗhethｅrtheislandshadbeeｎｐoｐulaｔedbｙａcｃidenｔ.Ａｔthｅtimｅ,Mauwaｓｔheoｎｌymａｎａｌｉvewhoｋnewhowtoｎavigａtejustbyoｂseｒｖingtｈesｔaｒｓ,theｗiｎdandtｈesea．HｅｈａdnｅverbeforesailedｔoTａｈitｉ,whichwasalｏｎgwａｙtｏtｈeｓouth．Ｈoｗｅver,hｅunｄeｒｓtoodhowthｅｗindandtｈｅsｅabeｈａｖｅaroundislanｄs，soheｗａｓcoｎfideｎｔｈｅcouｌｄｆindｈiswaｙ.ＴhevoｙagｅtoｏkhiｍandhiscreｗａｍｏnthtocomｐleteaｎdhedｉdiｔHｉsｇrandｆaｔheｒｂegａnｔhｅtaｓkofteachinghiｍhowｔｏnaｖｉｇａｔewhｅnｈeｗａｓstillabａby.Heshowedhｉmpｏolｓofwatｅronthｅbeacｈｔoteａｃhhiｍhowtｈebeｈavｉｏuｒoｆthewavｅsaｎdｗｉndcｈangedindiffｅｒeｎtｐlaces．Later,Mａｕusedacirclｅofsｔonｅｓtomemorizetｈepositiｏnsoftheｓtarｓ.Eａchstonewaslaiｄoutｉｎthesaｎｄｔｏrepresenｔastar．TｈevoyａgeproｖｅdthatHaｗaｉi＇sｆｉrstiｎhａbitａntｓcaｍeinsmａllboａｔsanｄnａvigaｔedbyｒeａdingｔｈeｓeaandtheｓtaｒs.Ｍａuｈimselfbｅcamｅakeentｅacｈer,paｓsｉnｇonhiｓtradiｔiｏｎａlsecretsｔopｅｏplｅｏｆｏtherｃultｕｒessoｔhatｈisknｏwledgewoulｄｎｏtbｅlosｔ.Heｅxpｌaineｄｔhｅposiｔiｏnｏfthｅstarstoｈisｓｔudents,ｂuthｅallowedthemtoｗriｔeｔhingsdownbｅcａｕｓeheknｅwtheｙwoulｄneverbeabletoremeｍbereｖｅrytｈinｇaｓhｅhaｄｄonｅ.16.Atthｅtｉmｅｏfｈiｓｖｏyａgｅ,Mａuhadunｉqｕenaviｇａtionaｌskｉｌls.A.RighｔB.WronｇC.Notｍeｎｔioned１７.MaｕｗasｆamiｌiarwiｔhtｈｅｓeａaｒounｄTahiti．A.RiｇhｔB.WroｎgC．Nｏtｍentiｏned18.Maucouldnotaｆｆordacomｐａｓｓorchaｒts.A．RigｈtB.WrongC.Ｎotmｅntｉｏned19.Mａuｌearｎtｎavigatｉonｓkillｓｆromhｉｓgrandfaｔhｅｒ.A.RｉgｈtB．ＷrongC．Noｔmｅnｔｉｏｎed２0.Ｍaｕｕｓeｄstonestｏｍｅｍｏriｅｓｗhｅｒｅthｅｓtａｒsweresｉｔuatedinｔhesky.A.ＲｉｇｈtB.WrｏnｇC.Nｏtmenｔｉoned2１.ThefiｒstinhabitantsofHawaｉicｏuｌdｒeadandwrite.A．RighｔB.WrongＣ.Notｍentionｅｄ２2.Ｍauｅxpｅctedhisｓtudenｔstorｅｍeｍｂｅｒtｈｅpｏｓitｉonsoｆｔhestarsimmeｄiately.A.RiｇhtＢ.WｒonｇＣ．Nｏtmenｔiｏｎeｄ参考答案：1６A17B18C1９A2０Ａ21C２2B第３部分:概括大意与完毕句子（第2３～30题，每题1分,共8分）下面的短文后有2项测试任务:(1）第２3~2６题规定从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段1选择个最佳标题;(2)第２7～30题规定从所给的６个选项中为每个句子拟定1个最佳选项。ＴraｆficJams—NoEndinＳight1Ｔｒaffｉｃcongestiｏn(拥堵)afｆectspｅoplethroughｏｕｔｔheｗorlｄ.Ｔraｆｆicjamｓcausｅsmogiｎdozeｎsofｃitiesaｃｒoｓｓｂｏthｔｈｅdevｅlopedanｄdevｅlopingｗorｌｄ.ＩnｔｈeU.S．，coｍｍｕters（通勤人员）spendanaveraｇeofａfuｌｌworkingｗeeｋeachyeａｒsittingｉntrａｆficjamｓ,ａcｃordｉngtｏtｈeTexａsTranspoｒtatioｎInsｔitutｅ．Whilealternatiｖｅwaysofgetｔingaroundareavaｉlaｂle，ｍostpｅｏplestillchoosetｈｅiｒｃarsbｅｃauseｔheyarelookingforconｖenieｎcｅ,comfｏrtandpｒivacｙ.２Themosｔpromiｓingtecｈｎiquefoｒreducｉngcｉtytｒaｆfiｃiscａllｅdcoｎｇｅｓtionpricinｇ,whｅrｅbｙcｉtｉｅscｈargｅatoｌｌｔoeｎtｅrceｒｔaiｎｐaｒｔsoｆtｏｗnatceｒtaintimesofdaｙ.Iｎtheｏry，iｆｔhｅｔollishighenoｕgh,somｅｄriversｗilｌcａnceltheirtripsorgobyｂusorｔrain．Andinpｒaｃｔiceitseemstowｏｒｋ:Ｓingａｐｏｒｅ,LonｄonandStoｃkhｏlmhaｖｅrｅduｃedtｒafｆiｃanｄpolluｔionｉnｃitｙcentreｓthａnksｔｏｃongeｓtionprｉcｉnｇ.3Anｏｔhｅrｗayｔoｒｅdｕceｒush—ｈourｔrafficｉsforemｐloｙeｒstoimplementfleｘtimｅ，whｉchlｅtsemployeｅstraveｌtoandfｒｏｍｗｏｒｋatoｆf-pｅaktrafｆictiｍeｓtoavｏidｔheruｓhhour.Thoｓｅｗｈohaｖetotravｅlduringbｕsytimesｃａｎdotｈeｉrpartbysharinｇcars.Emplｏyerscanalｓoalｌowmoｒｅstaｆfｔｏtelｅｃｏmmuｔe(woｒkｆｒｏmhome)soａsｔoｋeｅpmorecａrｓofｆtheroadaｌｔogｅther.4Someｕrｂanｐlaｎneｒｓｓtillｂelｉｅvｅthatｔｈebestwayｔoeａsetrafｆiccｏnｇestionｉsｔｏbuｉldmｏreｒoads,ｅspeciallyroadｓthatcantaｋｅdrｉversarｏundoroverｃrowｄｅdciｔystｒeets.Bｕtｓuchtechnｉquｅsｄonotrealｌｙｋeｅpcarsoｆｆｔhｅroａd;theyonｌyａccｏｍmｏdatemorｅoｆtｈem.5Otｈeｒ,moreforwarｄ—thinkｉng,pｌａｎnｅrsknowｔhａtmorｅandmorｅｄｒiｖeｒsａndcarsaretakｉnｇtoｔhｅｒoadseverydａｙ,aｎdtheyareunwilｌｉngtoeｎcourａｇeｍoreprivaｔｅaｕｔoｍobiｌeｓｗhｅnpuｂlictransportissｏmuchbｅtterbothforｐeopｌｅandtｈeenvironmenｔ.Forthisreaｓｏn,ｔhｅAmericaｎgｏvernｍｅｎthａsｄｅcidedｔospendsome$7billiononｈｅｌｐinｇtoincｒeasecａpaｃitｙｏnpubｌｉc-ｔranｓpoｒtsyｓtemsandupgradｅthemwiｔｈmｏreeffｉcienttecｈnoloｇies.Butenvｉronmｅnｔａｌiｓtsｃomｐlainｔｈａｔｓｕcｈfuｎdingistinycomparｅdwｉthtｈe$50ｂilｌioｎbｅingspenｔｏnroａｄsａndｂrｉdgeｓ.23．Paragｒａph1＿__＿＿＿__２4．Pａragraph2_＿___＿__２５.Paragｒaph3_＿＿_____2６．Paraｇraｐh4___＿＿___AＮotｄoingｅｎｏughBＡglobalｐrobｌemCCｈａngｉngworkｐrａｃticｅＤAｓolｕtionwｈichiｓnosoluｔiｏnＥPａyｉｎgｔogｅtｉnFClｏｓｉｎgcｉtycentrestotｒaｆfic2７．MｏstAmericanｄrｉverｓthinｋｉtconvenｉenttｏ＿___＿_．２8.Ifｃhargedhigｈenouｇh,somedｒiｖersｍay_____＿toｅntｅrcertａinｐａrtsoftown.29.Bｕildinｇmoreｒｏadsisｎotａneｆfｅcｔｉvｅwayｔo______.30.TheＵ．S.ｇｏverｎmenthａsｐlaｎnedto______updatｉngpｕｂlｉc－ｔransｐortｓystems.AgobybｕｓBencｏuraｇemorｅｐrivatecarsCdｒivｅaｒｏunｄDspeｎdｍoremｏnｅyEreduｃｅｔrafficjamｓFtrａvelregｕlａｒｌy参考答案：23A24E２5C２6D27Ｃ28A29E３0D第4部分:阅读理解（第31~45题,每题3分，共45分）下面有3篇短文,每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请根据文章的内容,从每题所给的4个选项中选择1个最佳答案,涂在答题卡相应的位置上。第一篇MａkingaLｏｓsistheHｅigｈtoｆＦａshｉonGｉventhatａgoｏｄyｅarinthehauteｃouｔure(高级定制女装）businessiｓonewｈｅreyouloseｅvｅnｍoremoｎｅyｔｈanｕｓual,thepｒevａilingmoodｉnPａrislａstweekwａｓsensatiｏnaｌ.Thebig－namedesignersｗeｒefallingoverｔheｍselveｓtｏboａstofhowmanyoｕtfiｔｓtheyhadsoｌdａtbeｌowｃｏstｐricｅ，andhoｗtｈisｐrovedthaｔthefasｈionbusｉｎｅsswａshealthieｒthanever.Jean—PaulＧａulｔieｒreportedrecordsales.“Butweｄｏn’ｔmakeaｎymonｅｙoｕtoｆiｔ”,theｄeｓignｅrassuｒedｊｏuｒnaｌisｔsbackｓtage．“Nｏmattｅrｈowｓucｃessfｕlyｏｕare,ｙoｕcaｎ’tmaｋeaproｆitfromcoutuｒe,”expｌａinedJｅan—JacqｕeｓPicart,aveteranfａshｉoｎPRman,andｃo—fouｎｄeroftheｎｏw—bankｒupｔLacroiｘhouｓe．Aｌmost2０yｅarshavepasｓedsinｃｅtｈeuｎusualecｏnomicsｏｆtheｃｏutｕrebuｓineｓsweｒefirstｅｘpｏｓed.ＯutraｇｅdthathｅwasＬosｉｎgmonｅyoneｖenｉngdressｅsｃostiｎgtensofthousandsoｆpounds,tｈeｃoutｕｒierJeaｎ-LouiｓＳchｅrrｅrｐublishedｏｆｈiscosｔs.Oneoｕtfiｔhｅdescｒｉbｅdcｕrtainedoｖｅrhａlｆamileofgoldtｈreａd18,００0ｓeｑuins(亮片)，andhaｄｒeｑuireｄｈunｄredｓofｈoursofhand—stitcｈinｇinａnateliｅr(制作室）.Aｆairpｒicewouldhａvebｅｅn~50,000,bｕtｔhｅcouｔｕｒiercouldoｎlyｇet~３5,00０ｆｏrｉt.Ratheｒthanｒidｉnghighonthefooｌishnｅsｓofｔｈｅsuper—rich,heanｄhiｓｔｅａmｃｏuｌdbarelyｆｅedtheirhuｎgryfamiｌｉes.Tｈerｅsultwaｓaｎoｕtcｒyandthefｉrsｔofaserｉｅsoｆｇoｖernmenｔ-aｎｄindustrｙ—spoｎｓorｅdinqｕiriｅｓintotheｓｕrｒeａl(超现实的)woｒｌｄｏfulｔimaｔefasｈiｏｎ.Tｈｅｔｒaｄｅcontｉｎｕestｏｉnsiｓtthａｔcoutureoffｅrsyoumorethanyoupaｙｆor，buｔit’sｎotassimplｅaｓtｈat.Ｗｈenｓuｃｈateｍｐleｏfoｌｄwｅalthｓｔartｓtalkingａｂoutvalueforｍoｎｅｙ,itiｓn’ttoｃoｎvｉnceａnyonethatdｒｅｓsescostinｇaｓmuｃhashｏｕsesarｅaｂargaiｎ.Raｔher,itistｏpreservethｅpeculｉaｒmyｓtｉque(神秘），lｕcraｔive(利润丰厚的）assｏciationsandthreatenedinterｅststhatcoutuｒeｒepresenｔs．Esｓentiａlly,theａｒｇumeｎtscoｕlｄｎ’tbeｓｉmｐｌｅr.Ｏnonesideareｔｈoｓｅｗｈosａythaｔｔhebusｉｎｅssｗilldｉeifitｄoeｓn’tchａnｇe.Ｏｎｔhｅotｈerａretｈosewｈoｓaｙiｔwｉｌldｉeifiｔｉshiｇhlydated.Ｈugeｉnitｓｃosts，ｔｉnｙinitｓcｌienteleaｎdqｕeｓｔｉonａblｅiｎitsｉnfluｅncｅ,itｓtｉｌｌremａinsoｎeofthｅｇｒeａｔｔhemesｏｆPariｓiａnlｉfe.Inhisｂｏok,TｈｅＦashionConsｐｉｒacy,NiｃｈolasＣolｅridｇｅestimatesｔhattheeｎtirecｏｕtuｒｅｉｎdustrｙｒestｓonthewhims(一时兴起)ofｌeｓｓｔhａn30immeｎselｙｗｅalthｙwomｅn，aｎdaltｈoughtｈｅnumberｍaｙhａｖegｒｏwninｒecｅntyeaｒswｉtｈｔheｎewprospｅriｔyofAsiａ,tｈｅnumberoｆcoｕtｕｒecustomｅｒsworldwideｉｓnomｏrｅtｈａn4.00０.Toqualifｙascoｕture,ａgarmeｎtｍｕstbeｅnｔiｒelｙhandmadebyoneofｔｈe11PariｓcouturehouseｓrｅgｉsｔerｅdtothｅCｈaｍbreSｙnｄｉｃaledelaＨauｔeCｏuturｅ．Ｅachhoｕsｅmｕｓtemployatlｅast2０ｐeople.andshowamｉｎimuｍof７５nｅwdeｓiｇｎsａyear.Sofaｒ，ｓｏｔraditional.ＢｕttheBigＦouropｅrａtｏrs——Chanel,Dior,GivenｃhｙaｎdGａulｔieｒ—ｉｎｃreaｓinglyusｅcoutureａsamarketingdeｖicｅfortｈeirfarmorｅprofｉtablerｅaｄy—to—wear,ｆｒaｇraｎceandａｃcｅsｓorｙｌｉｎeｓ.３1．Whaｔiｓthemainideaｏfthefirstpaｒaｇrapｈ?A.Thehautｅcoutuｒebusｉnessisｅxpａnｄingｑuｉcklｙ.B.Ｔｈehautecouturｅdesignersmaｋemuchprofitinｔｈeiｒsales.C．Ｔhehauｔecoutuｒebusineｓsmenａrehapｐｙｗｉthｔｈｅirpｒofit.D.Thehauｔｅcoｕｔurｅｄｅｓignersclaimｌosseｓintｈeirsalｅs.32.Accordingtoｔhesecondpａragｒaph,Jeａn－ＬouisＳcheｒrｅr_____.A．wａsiｎａworｓefinanｃｉａlposｉｔiｏnthanothercoｕｔuriｅｒs.Ｂ．wasveryangryashewaslosiｎｇmoｎey.C.wasｏｎeoftｈebest－kｎowcｏuturierｓ.Ｄ．stoppeｄproｄuciｎghautecoutｕredｒesｓｅs.33.TheｗrｉｔersａyｓthattheoｕtfitJeaｎ-LouisScｈerrerdescribeｄ＿＿___.A.wasworthtｈeｐｒiceｔhatwasｐａidfｏｒit．B.ｃｏsｔmorｅｔoｍａketｈaｎitｓhouldhavｅ.C．ｗaｓnｅvｅrsｏldtoanｙonｅ．D.shouldhaveｃosｔthecustoｍｅｒthａnitdid.３４.ＴｈewritｅrｓaysinParａｇrａph4thatｔhereｉsｄiｓagreｅmeｎtｏveｒ＿____.A.thehisｔoｒyofhａutecouｔure.B．thefuｔureｏfｈａutecoｕｔｕｒe．Ｃ.ｔhｅrｅaｌcｏstsofhａutecoｕturｅ.D.tｈecｈangｅsthatｎeeｄtobemａｄｅinhautｅｃouture.35.Ｗｈatisthewrｉtｅr’stoｎetoｗardhauｔecｏuｔurebusinｅss？A．SｏｍewｈaｔironiｃalB.Quｉｔｅsupporｔｉｖe．C.Fａirｌyｆｒｉeｎdｌy.D.Ｒatｈerindiffeｒenｔ．参考答案：31.Ｄ、32．A、3３.D、3４.D、３5．A第二篇ＯntheTrialｏftheHｏnｅyBadgerOnareｃｅnｔfiｅldｔriptｏtheKａlahａｒiＤesｅrt，ａｔeａmofｒｅsearcheｒｓlearｎaｌotmoｒeaboｕthｏｎｅyｂaｄgeｒs．TｈeｔeameｍｐｌoyedalocalwildlifeexpertＫｉｔsｏKhamatohelpthｅmlocateandｆollｏｗｔheｂａｄgerｓacrｏｓstheｄeｓert.Ｔｈeirmainaimｗａstｏsｔudytheｂａdgers’movemenｔsandbehａvｉｏrａsｄiscreetｌｙ(谨慎地)aｓpoｓsiblｅwithoutfrightｅningｔｈｅmawayｏrcaｕｓiｎｇtｈeｍtochaｎgeｔheirｎaｔｕralbehａvior.Tｈｅyalsｏｐlanneｄtotrapａfeｗaｎdstuｄyｔhemclosｅupbｅforerelｅaｓinｇｔhｅminviewｏftheanｉmal’sreputatiｏｎ,tｈｉswａｓsoｍethingthaｔeｖenKhamawasreluｃtanttodo.“Theｐｒobｌemwithhoｎeybadgersｉsthｅyaｒeｎaｔｕrallycuｒiousaniｍalｓ,eｓpeｃiallywｈentheｙseesｏmｅthｉngnｅｗ,”hesaｙｓ.“That,ｃｏmｂiｎeｄｗitｈｔheirunｐredictａbｌenatｕre,canbeadangerouｓmixtｕre.Ｉftｈeｙsenseyouhａvｅfood,forexａmple，theywon’tbeshｙaboutｃoｍiｎgrｉｇｈtｕｐｔoyouforsomethiｎgtoeat.Ｔｈeｙ’rｅａctｕalｌyquitｅsocｉabｌecｒeaturesaroｕndhumans，buｔａssoonastheｙfeeltheｙmightbeiｎdａnger,theycanｂｅcomeextrｅｍeｌyｖｉｃious（凶恶的).Fortuｎatelｙｔｈisｉｓrare，butiｔdoeshappen.”Theresearchconｆｉｒmedmanythｉｎgsｔｈatｗereａｌｒeadyknｏｗn．Aｓeｘpeｃted，honeｙbａdgersaｔeａnycreaｔuｒestｈｅycｏuldcatｃhandkill.Eveｎpoisｏnoussnakes,ｆｅaredanｄavｏiｄｅdｂymostｏtｈeraniｍals,werenotsafｅfromｔｈｅm.Thereseaｒchersweresurpriｓed,howeveｒ，bｙtheａnimal’sｆondｎｅｓｓｆorlocalmeｌons,ｐrobablｙｂecauseｏftheirhighwａteｒconteｎｔ.Ｐｒecｉouslｙreseａｒcherｓｔhoughtthaｔtheanimaｌgoｔallｏfitsliquｉdｒｅquiｒｅmｅntsfromitsｐrey(猎物）.Tｈｅtｅaｍalｓｏｌeａrntｔｈat,contrarｙtopｒｅviousrｅsｅarchfindinｇｓ,ｔhebadgersoccasionallｙformeｄlｏosefaｍilｙgroｕｐs.Theywereａlsoabｌetoconｆｉrmcertａinresuｌtsfrompｒeviｏusrｅseａrch,iｎcluｄingｔhｅfaｃttｈatfeｍａlebaｄgersneversｏｃialｉzｅdwitheａchｏther.Followingsoｍｅofthemalebａｄgersｗａｓａchａllｅnｇe，sincetheｙcancｏveｒlargｅdistancｅsinａｓｈortspaceoｆtimｅ.Somehuntingｔerｒitoriesｃoveｒｍoretｈan５00sｑuarｅkilｏmｅtｅrｓ.Ａltｈoｕgｈtheyseemhappyｔoshａretheseｔerｒｉtoriesｗithotｈｅrmales,tｈerｅaｒｅoccasionalfｉghtｓoｖｅranimporｔａｎtfoｏdｓｏｕｒｃe，ａnｄmalebadgerｓcａnbｅａsagｇｒessivｅtowａrｄｓeａchotherastheyaretoｗａrdsｏtherspecｉｅs.Ａｓthebadgersbｅcameaccｕsｔomｅdｔoｔｈeｐresｅnceofpeｏｐlｅ,iｔgａｖｅtｈetｅamthｅtｏgetupcｌoseｔotｈemｗｉｔhoutbeiｎｇthesｕbｊeｃtｏｆtｈeanimal’scuriosiｔｙ—ｏrsｕddｅnaｇgressｉon.Theｂａdｇers’eatinｇｐatterｎs，whicｈｈａdbeendisrupteｄ,tｏnorｍaｌ.Italsoalｌowｅｄｔhetｅamｔoｏbservｅｍoreclosｅlｙsomeｏfｔheｏthercreａtｕresｔhatfoｒmworkinｇaｓsociationｓwｉｔhthehoｎｅyｂadger，aｓthesｅseemeｄtobadgｅrs’ｒelａxedattitｕdｅｗhｅnnearhuｍａns．36．WhｙdiｄthewiｌdｌｉfeexpeｒtsvisittheKalahariDｅsｅrt?Ａ.Tofｉndｗherehoneybadgeｒｓlｉvｅ.B.Tocatchsｏmehoneｙbadｇｅｒsfｏrfoｏd.C.Ｔoobservehｏwhｏｎｅybaｄgeｒｓbｅｈaｖe．D.Tofindoutwｈyhoneybａdgershａvｅａｂadreputatｉoｎ.37.WhａtdoesKitsoＫｈaｍasayａbｏuthoneyｂadgeｒs？A.Theyareaｌwayｓloｏkｉngforfood.Ｂ．Tｈeyｄoｎｏtenjoyhumancompany.C.Theｙshowintereｓｔiｎｔhinｇsthｅyａreｎｏtｆamiliarwiｔh.Ｄ．Ｉtisｃommonfortheｍtoａttackｐeople.38.Whａtdｉｄtheteamfindｏutabouｔhonｅｙｂａｄgers？A．Thｅreweresomecreａturesｔheydｉdnoteａt.B．Theｙwereafrａidofpoisonｏuｓcreaturｅs.C.Femalebadgerｓｄｉdｎotmｉxｗiｔhmalebadｇｅrs.Ｄ.Ｔheｙｍaygetsｏmｅofthewatｅrｔhｅyｎｅededfroｍfrｕit.3９.Whicｈoｆthefolｌoｗiｎgｉsatypicalfeatureoｆmａlｅbadgｅｒｓ?A.Tｈeydon’ｔrunvｅｒyquickｌy.Ｂ.Tｈeydefeｎdtｈeiｒｔｅrriｔoryｆrｏmｏｔherbａdｇｅrs.Ｃ．Thｅｙｈｕnｔovｅrａｖerylargeaｒea.D.Thｅyaremorｅaｇｇrｅssiveｔhanfｅmaｌes.40.Ｗhathａppeｎeｄwhenhｏｎeｙbａｄgeｒsｇoｔusedtohumansaｒoｕndthem?Ａ.Tｈeybecamｅｌessaggｒｅsｓivetowａrdsotherｃreatｕreｓ.B.Ｔheylosｔintｅreｓtiｎｐeｏple．C.Thｅystarteｄeatingmore.D．Ｏｔhｅｒanimａlsstａrｔeｄｗorkingwｉththem.参考答案：3６．C、３7.C、38．D、39．C、40.Ｂ第三篇WhyＳoMaｎyChildｒenInmanｙofthedeveloｐｉｎgcountriesiｎAfricａandAｓｉa,tｈepopｕlatｉonｉｓgｒowｉnｇfａst.Thereasｏnfoｒｔhisisｓimpｌe:Ｗomeninｔhｅseｃoｕntｒiesｈaｖeａhｉｇhbｉrthrate–frｏｍ３.0tｏ7．０chｉlｄrenperｗｏman.Tｈemajoriｔyoｆthesewoｍｅnarepoｏr，witｈｏuｔｔhｅfoodorreｓｏurceｓtoｃarefortｈeiｒfａmilｉes.Whydoｔｈeｙｈaveｓomanychiｌdren?Whydon’ttｈeylｉmittheｓizeｏｆtheｉrｆaｍilieｓ?Ｔhｅanｓｗeｒmaybｅtｈaｔtheｙｏftｅｎhaｖenochoicｅ.Thereaｒesevｅｒalreaｓoｎsfｏrtｈis.Onｅrｅａsoniseｃonoｍic.Inaｔradiｔｉonalagriculturalecｏnｏmy,largｅfaｍiliesaｒehelpｆul.Hａvingmorｅｃｈiｌdrenmeanｓhａvingmｏrｅworｋｅrsintheｆiｅldsandsomeｏｎｅtotａｋeｃareofｔhｅpaｒentsｉｎolｄage．Ｉnaniｎdｕsｔrialｅcoｎoｍy,thesituaｔionｉｓdｉｆｆerent.Mａｎｙｃhildrendｏnotheｌｐaｆamily；inｓtｅaｄ,thｅyareexpenｓｅ.Thuｓ,iｎｄustrｉａlizatｉｏｎｈasgｅnerａllｙbroughtdownthebirｔhratｅ.ThiswａsｔｈeｃａseinＩtａlｙ,whichwａｓindusｔｒializｅdquiterecｅntlｙａndrapidly．Iｎtheearlyｐarｔofｔhｅｔｗｅnｔiｅthcenｔury,Italｙwasaｐooｒ,largeｌyagricuｌｔuralcountryｗｉtｈahighbirthｒate.AｆtｅrWorldWａrII,Ｉｔａly’secｏｎomywasrapｉdlymoderｎizedaｎdinｄustrializｅd.Bｙtheendoftheｃｅntuｒy,ｔｈｅｂiｒthrａteｈaddroppedｔo１．3chiｌdrenperwomａn，tｈeworld’slｏｗesｔ.Howｅver，ｔheeｃoｎomyｉsｎottheｏｎlｙiｍportａnｔfａctoｒｔｈａtinfｌuenｃｅsbiｒtｈraｔe.SａｕdiArａbｉa,ｆorexaｍple,doesｎothaｖeanａｇrｉculｔｕｒe－baseｄeｃoｎomｙ,aｎｄiｔhasｏneoftｈehigｈestpeｒｃaｐitａinｃｏmesｉntheworｌd.Neveｒthelesｓ,iｔalsohaｓａveryｈiｇｈbiｒｔhraｔｅ（7.0).ＭexiｃｏａｎdInｄonｅsiａ,onthｅoｔｈerhanｄ,areｐoｏrｃouｎｔrｉes，ｗｉthlargelyａgricuｌｔuｒａlecoｎomiｅs，ｂuttheyhaｖerecentｌyredｕceｄtｈeiｒpopulaｔioｎｇrowth．Ｃlｅａrlｙ,oｔhｅｒfａctorsarｅinvolvｅd.Ｔhemostｉmpｏrtantofthｅseｉstｈｅcｏnｄｉtiｏｎｏfwomeｎ.Aｈigｈbiｒthｒatealmostａlｗaysgoesｔoｇetherwitｈlackoｆeｄucａtioｎaｎｄlowstatusｆｏｒwomen.ＴhｉsｗouｌdexplaintheｈigｈbｉrthrateoｆSaｕｄｉArａbia.Ｔhere,thetraditiｏｎａｌcultuｒegｉｖeswoｍeｎlｉｔtleｅducaｔionorindeｐendｅnceａｎdfewpossiｂilitｉｅsｏutsiｄeｔhehoｍe.Ontheotheｒhａnd,theｉｍｐrovedcｏｎｄitiｏｎｏfwomeniｎMexiｃo,Ｔｈaｉｌaｎd,ａnｄIndｏｎesiaexpｌainｓthedeclinｅinｂirtｈrａｔesintｈesｅcoｕntｒiｅs.Thｅirｇｏvernmentshａvetakenmeasuｒｅｓtoｐroviｄemoreｅduｃatｉoｎandoｐpoｒtuｎiｔｉeｓforwomｅn.Anｏtherkeyfactorｉntｈｅｂｉｒtｈrａteｉsbiｒtｈcoｎtrol．Womenmaywaｎttｏｌimｉtｔhｅｉrfamilieｓbｕｔｈａvenoｗaytｏdoso.Incｏｕntrｉeｓwhｅregovernｍentshavｅmadeｂirthｃｏntrolｅａsilyavailableandiｎｅxpensiｖe,ｂirｔhrateshavｅｇonｅdown．ＴhiｓｉsthｅｃaseinSingapｏrｅ,SriＬanka,andＩndia，ａsｗeｌlaｓinIｎdonｅsia,Ｔhａｉland,Ｍexicｏ,ａndBrazｉl.Ｉntｈesecｏuｎtrieｓ,woｍenhavealsobｅeｎproｖidedwiｔｈｈealthcareaｎdheｌpinplannｉｎｇｔｈeiｒfamｉliｅs．Theｓetｒｅndsshowthataneｆｆectｉveｐｒｏgrａmtorｅducepopｕlaｔｉoｎgroｗtｈdoｅｓnｏｔhavetoｄepeｎdonbｅｔterｅcｏnomicｃoｎdiｔｉons．Ｉtcaｎｂｅｅffｅｃｔiveifitａimｓtohelpwomenaｎdmｅｅttheiｒnｅeds.Onlyｔhｅn,iｎｆａct,ｄoesitｈaｖｅanyrealｃhanceofｓuｃcｅss.４1.Iｎaｔradiｔioｎalａgｒｉcｕltuｒａleｃoｎoｍy,aｌargｅｆａmiｌy_____．A．canbeanadvａntage．Ｂ．maylimitincome．C.ｉsｎ’tｎecessaｒy.D．isｅxｐensive.42．Whencｏunｔriｅsｂｅcoｍｅindｕstriaｌｉzｅd，_____.A.ｆamiliesｏfｔenｂecomｅlarger.Ｂ.tｈebirthｒategenerａllygｏesｄowｎ.C.womｅnｕsuallydecidｅnotｈaveafamily.D.tｈepopulationgenerallyｇrowｓrapidｌｙ．43.Aｃcｏｒdｉngｔotｈisｐａｓｓage,Itaｌｙｔodａyisaｎｅｘampｌeoｆａn__＿__．A.agriｃｕlturaｌcountrywiｔｈａhighｂirthrａte.B．agricuｌturalｃoｕntrywithaｌoｗbirthrate.C.inｄustｒｉａlizｅｄｃｏunｔｒywithalowｂｉrｔhrate.D．industｒializｅdｃounｔrｙwithahｉghｂirtｈraｔe.44.ＳａudｉＡrabｉaｉsmeｎtioｎedintｈｅpasｓagebｅｃａｕseitsｈoｗsthat_____．A.themostiｍpｏrtanｔfaｃtorinｆlｕｅnciｎgbiｒtｈrateiｓｔｈeｅｃonomy．B.faｃｔorsｏtｈerthantheeconomｙｉnfluencebｉrtｈrate.C．ｗomｅｎwｈohaｖeａhｉghｉnｃomeusuallyhavｅfeｗcｈｉldｒen.D．ｔhebirｔhratｅdepｅndsｏnpercapitaincｏmｅ.45．ＩnMeｘｉco,Thailａnd,andIndｏnｅｓia,thegovｅrnmｅnｔ__＿_＿.A.ｉsnｏｔcoｎcerｎeｄaｂoｕｔtｈｅstatusofｗomen.B．hａstriedtｏinｄusｔrialiｚetｈeｃounｔｒｙrapｉdlｙ.C．ｄｏesnotａlｌowwoｍeｎtoｗorkouｔｓidethehｏme．D．haｓｔｒiｅdtoimproveｔheｃonditｉonofwｏmen.参考答案：４1．A、42.B、43.C、4４.Ｂ、45.Ｄ第5部分:补全短文(第4６～５0题，每题２分，共10分）下面的短文有5处空白,短文后有６个句子,其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置,以恢复文章原貌。ToadｓareArtｈｒitisａｎｄｉｎPａiｎＡｒthrｉtis（关节炎)ｉｓaniｌlnessｔhatcａnｃａｕsepａinaｎdswellｉnginyoｕrboneｓ.Tｏaｄs(蟾蜍），aｂigprobleminｔhｅnoｒthｏfAuｓtｒａｌｉa,areｓuｆferingfromｐaiｎfuｌaｒｔhritisｉntｈｅirlegｓanｄbａckbone,anewｓtudyhaｓshoｗｎ.Theｔoadsthａtｊｕmptｈefastestaｒemｏreliｋeｌytoｂｅlarｇerａｎdtohavｅlｏngeｒlegs.__＿____(46）Thelargeyellowtoadｓ，nａｔiｖeｔｏSouthaｎｄCenｔrａlAmerica，wereｉntｒｏducedｉntoｔhenorｔh-easｔeｒｎAusｔrａliaｎｓtaｔeoｆQｕｅenslandiｎ1935inaｎａｔtempttostｏpbeｅｔｌesａndｏtherinsectsfromｄｅsｔrｏｙinｇsugarｃａｎecropｓ.Nowupto20０milｌioｎoｆtｈepoｉsonouｓｔoadseｘisｔinthecouｎtry，andtheyａrｅrapiｄｌｙｓｐｒeａdｉngｔhrｏughthｅｓtaｔｅofNoｒtｈernTerritoryatａrateoｆｕｐｔo６０ｋmayｅａr．Tｈetoadscａnnｏwｂefoundacroｓｓmoｒｅthanｏnemillionsqｕarｅkilometres.______＿（47)AＶenezuelaｎpｏisonviｒuswastｒｉeｄinｔhe1９9０sbuｔｈadtｏｂeabａndonｅdａfｔerｉtwaｓfoｕndtoａlsokiｌｌnaｔiｖｅfrogspecies.ThetoａdshavesｅveｒｅlyａffectｅｄecosysteｍsinAｕstｒａliａ.Aｎimaｌs，ａndsometｉmｅspｅtｓ,thatｅattｈetoadsdｉeｉmmediateｌyｆromtheirｐｏｉsｏn,andtｈetoaｄｓthemselveseatａｎythiｎｇtheycanfｉtinsidｅthｅiｒmｏuｔｈ.__＿＿_＿_(48)Acｏ－ａuｔhｏrｏfｔhenｅｗｓtudy,RｉckＳhｉne，aprｏｆeｓsoｒaｔtｈｅUniversityofSydnｅy,ｓａｙsthａｔｌittｌeatteｎtiｏｎhaｓｂｅengiventotheproｂleｍｓｔhattoadsｆａce.Rickaｎdhiscolleaguesstuｄiｅdneaｒｌy500toａdsfroｍQｕeeｎslａndandtheNortherｎTeｒriｔoryａndfoｕndｔｈatｔhoseｉntheｌaｔｔeｒstaｔｅweｒeｖeryｄｉffｅrenｔ.Theyｗeｒeaｃｔｉve,sprintｉｎgdownｒｏadsaｎｄbｒeedingquickly.Aｃcordingtｏｔhｅresuｌtｓofthestｕdy,ｔhｅfastesttoadｓtｒavelneａｒlyoneｋiloｍetrｅａｎｉｇht．＿____＿_(49）Bｕtspeedａnｄsｔreｎgthcomeaｔapricｅ—arthritiｓofthｅｌegｓaｎdbacｋｂoneｄueｔｏconｓtａntprｅssurｅplａcｅdonthｅm.Inlaboraｔoｒy