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2023年剑桥商务英语中级真题阅读精选(1)Questions1-7Lookatthestatementsbelowandthearticleaboutthedevelopmentoffuturebusinessleadersontheoppositepage.Whichsectionofthearticle(A,B,CorD)doeseachstatement(1-7)referto?Foreachstatement(1-7),markoneletter(A,B,CorD)onyourAnswerSheet.Youwillneedtousesomeoftheselettersmorethanonce.1Managersneedtotakeactiontoconvincehigh-flyersoftheirvaluetothefirm.2Organisationsneedtolookbeyondthehigh-flyerstheyarecurrentlydeveloping.3Thereisaconcernthatfirmsinvestingintrainingforhigh-flyersmaynotgainthebenefitsthemselves.4Managersneedexpertassistancefromwithintheirownfirmsindevelopinghigh-flyers.5Firmscurrentlyidentifyhigh-flyerswithoutthesupportofaguidancestrategy.6Managersarefrequentlytoobusytodealwiththedevelopmentofhigh-flyers.7Firmswhoworkhardontheirreputationasanemployerwillinteresthigh-flyers.TheStarsoftheFutureAExistingmanagementresearchdoesnottellusmuchabouthowtofindanddevelophigh-flyers,thosepeoplewhohavethepotentialtoreachthetopofanorganisation.Asaresult,organisationsarelefttoformulatetheirownsystems.Amoreeffectiveoverallpolicyfordevelopingfutureleadersisneeded,whichiswhytheLondonBTLRGrecognisesjusthowsignificantlinemanagersareintheprocessofleadershipdevelopment.Unfortunately,withtoday'sflatorganisations,wheremanagershavefunctionalaswellasmanagerialresponsibilities,peopledevelopmentalltoooftenfallsvictimtoheavyworkloads.Onemanagerintheresearchgroupwasunconvincedbythelogicofsendinghisbestpeopleawayondevelopmentcourses,'onlytoseethempoachedbyanotherdepartmentor,worsestill,anotherfirm'.Thisfearoflosinghigh-flyersrunsdeepintheorganisationsthatmakeuptheresearchgroup.CTLRGarguesthatthetaskofmanagementisnotnecessarilyaboutemployeeretention,butaboutcreating'attractioncentres'.'Wemusthelplinemanagerstorealisethatiftheircompaniesareknownasonesthatdeveloptheirpeople,theywillhaveagreaterappealtohigh-flyers,'saidoneadvisor.Furthermore,selectingpeoplefor,say,aleadershipdevelopmentprogrammeisasignofcommitmentfrommanagementtoanindividual.Loyaltycanthenbemoreeasilydemandedinreturn.DTLRGhasconcludedthatacompany'sHRspecialistsneedtotakeactionandengagewithlinemanagersindividuallyabouttheirroleinthedevelopmentofhigh-flyers.Indeed,inordertobenefitfullyfromtraininghigh-flyersastheseniormanagersofthefuture,firmsmustactuallyaddressthedevelopmentofallmanagerswhowillbesupportingthehigh-flyers.Withoutthis,managerswillnotbeinapositiontogiveappropriateadvice.Andwheneventuallythehigh-flyersdomoveon,newoneswillbeneededtoreplacethem.Thenextchallengewillbetofindanewgenerationofhigh-flyers.一方面得搞明白的是这篇文章到底讲的什么。不用看具体内容,有两个地方直接告诉了。一个是题目说明的第一句话,另一个是正文的标题。从这两个地方就可以看出全文探讨的是公司未来接班人——也就是潜力股——的培养问题。A段讲了TLRG这个贯穿全文的研究组织诞生的因素:现行的研究满足不了需要,于是大多数公司只能自己探索发掘接班人的模式;(即第五题的答案)B段讲了直属经理(linemanagers)对于发掘接班人的重要性(真是干什么都要从基层抓起),以及经理们的一些疑虑;C段讲的是接班人问题对公司的重要性,并且应当让院线经理们明白这种重要性;D段是针对前面列出的问题,提出的解决建议,什么专家协助等等。整篇文章分为四个部分,层层递进,有很强的逻辑性。拿这样的文章来做阅读材料应当是相对容易把握的。题目解析:7个题干基本是将原文中的句子用此外的词语和句型表述出来,所以题干中的关键词都能在正文里找到与之匹配的,比如第四题题干里的expert相应D段的specialists,第六题的toobusyto相应于B段里的heavyworkloads,第七题的interest相应于C段的appeal。第一题说“经理们必须采用措施使潜力股们相信他们对公司的价值”,也就是要让潜力股们对公司忠诚,即C段说的creating“attractioncentres”和loyalty。第二题说“组织必须把目光投向正在培养中的潜力股以外的地方”,即D段最后两句话所说的寻找新一代的潜力股。第三题和B段的最后一句话完全是一个意思:怕培养潜力股的投入收不回成本。第四题说开发潜力股,经理们需要在公司内部得到专家支持。答案是D段的第一句话:公司的人力资源专家需要采用行动。HRspecialists就是expert。第五题说公司现在没有在指导策略的支持下辨别潜力股。也就是说公司是依靠自己来发掘人才的。答案是A段的第一句:现行的研究满足不了需要,所以公司只能形成自己的一套体系。第六题,经理们太忙了,无暇顾及潜力股的发展。答案是B段的:Unfortunately,withtoday'sflatorganisations,wheremanagershavefunctionalaswellasmanagerialresponsibilities,peopledevelopmentalltoooftenfallsvictimtoheavyworkloads.。不幸落在了高工作负荷的人的肩上。高工作负荷,也就是toobusy。第七题,看重作为雇主名声的公司可以吸引潜力股。答案是C段的这么一句:iftheircompaniesareknownasonesthatdeveloptheirpeople,theywillhaveagreaterappealtohigh-flyers。假如公司是以开发员工而著称的话,将会对潜力股产生更大的吸引。以开发员工而著称(knownasonesthatdeveloptheirpeople),名声很好,也就是看重自己作为雇主的名声。疑似生词:1、linemanagers直属经理,业务经理2、flatorganization扁平化的组织,即公司中的单层管理组织相应的单词hierarchy等级制的公司3、poachvt.(侵入别人地界)偷猎(或捕鱼),水煮,抄袭,挖角eg:Arivalfirmpoachedourbestcomputerprogrammers.我公司的竞争对手把我们最佳的计算机程序编制员挖走了。4、runsdeep纯粹是想说一下那句著名的谚语:Stillwaterrunsdeep静水流深。5、fallvictimto成为。。。。的受害者6、retention保存,在文中指留住员工。是风险管理中常见的专业名词。2023年剑桥商务英语中级真题阅读精选(2)第四辑真题TEST2READINGRART1LookatthestatementsbelowandtheadvicetobusinessesontheoppositepageaboutusingothercompaniestoruntheirITservices.1、theneedtoteachskillstoemployeesworkingontheoutsourcedprocess2、rememberingtheinitialreasonforsettinguptheoutsourcedproject3、theneedtodrawupagreementsthatsetouthowintegrationistobeachieved4、addressingtheissueofstaffwhoworkontheoutsourcedprocessbeingatadistantsite5、theimportanceofmakingsomeoneresponsiblefortheintegrationprocess6、staffontheoutsourcedprojectfamiliarisingthemselveswithvariousdetailsofthebusiness7、problemsbeingassociatedwithanalternativetooutsourcingWhenabusinessdecidestooutsourceitsITservices,itneedstoconsiderthequestionofintegration.Fourexpertsgivetheirviews.A.GianlucaTramcere,SilicaSystemsAnoutsourcedITserviceisneverafullyindependententity.Itistiedtothehomecompany'spreviousandcontinuingsystemsofworking.Butdespitetheaddedresponsibilityofmanagingnewwaysofworking,manybusinessesignoretheintegrationprocess.Theyfailtoestablishcontractsthatdefinethewaysinwhichthetwocompanieswillworkalongsideoneanother,andfocussolelyonthetechnologicalaspectsofservicedelivery.B.KevinRayner,DomolaBusinessesneedtobuildintegrationcompetencycentresdedicatedtomanagingtheintegrationeffort.Itiscriticaltohaveanindividualinchargetocheckthattheexternalandinternalbusinessoperationsworktogether.Althoughcompaniesoftenthinkofoutsourcingasawayofgettingridofpeopleandassets,theyneedtorememberthat,atthesametime,outsourcinginvolvesgainingpeople.Becausethereisanewoperationbeingcarriedoutinadifferentwayoutsideofthehomebusiness,thiscreatesatrainingelement.C.ClaytonLocke,DigitalSolutionsCommunicationisthekeytosuccess,andoutsourcingtootherregionsorcountriescanleadtoarangeofproblems.Foranysuchinitiative,itisnecessarytocreateateamwherethereisgood,opencommunicationandaclearunderstandingofobjectivesandincentives.Bringingpeopletothehomelocationfromtheoutsourcedcentreisnecessary,sinceitcanaidunderstandingofthecomplexitiesoftheexistingsystem.Tointegrateefficiently,outsourcingpersonnelhavetotalktothehomecompany'sexecutivesanduserstounderstandtheirexperiences.D.KimNoon,JGTechOnewaytoavoidthedifficultiesofintegrationistocreateajoint-venturecompanywiththeoutsourcer.Thus,acompanycanswapitsassetsforashareoftheprofits.Yetjointventuresbringpotentialtroubles,andcompaniesshouldbecarefulnottolosesightoftheoriginalrationaleforoutsourcing:togaincostefficienciesandqualityofserviceinanareathatforsomereasoncouldnotbecarriedoutentirelyin-house.Thecomplexitiesandcostsofajoint-ventureinitiativeshouldnotbeunderestimated.这篇文章讲的是外购(outsourcing),分别有四位专家就这个问题给出了自己的见解。A段的专家强调建立协议的重要性,B段专家认为要派专人负责,C段专家讲外派人员和本公司之间要有一个互动,D段专家讲假如与外包商(outsourcer)组成联合公司的话也许带来的一系列问题。假如对文章有个大约、基本的了解,很多题目不用细看就可以得出结论。第一题的答案稍微有些隐晦,在B段的最后一句。“Becausethereisanewoperationbeingcarriedoutinadifferentwayoutsideofthehomebusiness,thiscreatesatrainingelement.”由于新的操作是在本公司以外的地方以一种新的方式被执行,所以产生了培训成分。这里的training相应第一题的“teachskillstoemployees”。第二题的答案在D段中间:companiesshouldbecarefulnottolosesightoftheoriginalrationaleforoutsourcing.这里的rationale是基本原理、主线因素的意思。第三题的答案在A段,非常明显的“establishcontracts”。第四段的答案是C段的最后一句话,outsourcingpersonnelhavetotalktothehomecompany'sexecutivesanduserstounderstandtheirexperiences.这里的talkto相应address,向....谈话。第四题的意思是“说明在远址工作的外购人员的事情”,也就是C段最后一句说的外购人员向公司报告他们的经历。第五段的答案在B段,相称明显:Itiscriticaltohaveanindividualinchargetocheckthattheexternalandinternalbusinessoperationsworktogether。需要派专人负责integration。第六题说“外派人员要熟悉自身工作的不同细节”,相应C段的“createateamwherethereisaclearunderstandingofobjectivesandincentives.”打造一个对目的和动机都有清楚理解的团队。第七题稍微绕一点。题目里的“analternativetooutsourcing”指的是D段里的“createajoint-venturecompanywiththeoutsourcer”,建立一个联合公司。D段里的专家一直在强调联合公司的麻烦和复杂性(jointventuresbringpotentialtroubles),所以是对的答案。2023年剑桥商务英语中级真题阅读精选(3)第四辑真题TEST2READINGPART2Readthearticlebelowaboutthechangingroleofhumanresourcesdepartments.ThebestpersonforthejobEmployeescanmakeabusinesssucceedorfail,sothepeoplewhochoosethemhavea

vital

roletoplay.Employeesareacompany'snewideas,itspublicfaceanditsmainasset.Hiringtherightpeopleisthereforeasignificantfactorinacompany'ssuccess.(0)GIfthehumanresourcesdepartmentmakesmistakeswithhiring,keepinganddismissingstaff,abusinesscandisappearovernight.Manycompaniesnowrealisethatrecruitingthebestrecruitersisthekeytosuccess.SarahChoi,HeadofHRatEncopic,believesthatthinkingcommerciallyisakeyqualityinHR.EverydecisionanHRmanagermakesneedstoberelevanttoadvancingthebusiness.(8)...C.....That'snolongerthecase.HRmanagershavetothinkmorestrategicallythesedays.Theycontinuallyneedtothinkabouttheimpactoftheirdecisionsonthebottomline.(9).....F...Forexample,achiefexecutivewillexpecttheHRdepartmenttoadviseoneverythingfromtheheadcounttowhethertoproceedwithanacquisition.WhydopeoplegointoHRinthefirstplace?Choihasareadyanswer.Ithinkmostpeopleintheprofessionareattractedbyalong-termgoal.(10)....D......Nothinghappensinthecompanywhichisn'taffectedbyordoesn'timpactonitsemployees,sotheHRdepartmentisacrucialpartofanybusiness.Notalloperationalmanagersagree.AninformalsurveyofattitudestoHRdepartmentsthatwascarriedoutlastyearbyaleadingbusinessjournalreceivedcommentssuchas"Whatdotheyactuallycontribute?"(11).....A.....AsChoipointsout,salarieshaveneverbeenhigherand,inaddition,HRmanagersoftenreceivesubstantialannualbonuses.Despitethefinancialrewards,HRmanagersoftenfeelundervalued,andthisisamajorreasonformanyleavingtheirjobs.(12)...E......However,alackoftraininganddevelopmentisamoresignificantfactor.Thesedays,goodprofessionaldevelopmentopportunitiesareconsideredanessentialpartofanattractivepackage,Choiexplains.AButrisinglevelsof

remuneration

demonstratethattheprofession'sgrowingimportanceiswidelyrecognised.BAtonetime,aprofessionalqualificationwasrequiredinordertoprogresstothetopofHR.COtherdepartmentsandseniorexecutivesusedtoseeHRmanagersashavingapurelyadministrativerole.DSinceit'soneofthefewareaswhereyoucanseethewholeoperation,itcanleadtoaninfluentialroleontheboard.EBeingseenassomeonewhojustticksoffotherpeople'sleaveandsickdaysdoesnothelpbuildasenseofloyalty.FTheythereforeneedtobecompetentinmanyaspectsofacompany'soperations.GOntheotherhand,recruitingthewrongstaffcanleadtodisaster.这篇文章的标题有些misleading,“Thebestpeopleforthejob”,还认为是招人的标准。其实这篇文章是关于Humanresource的,所以还是要适当关注文章前的说明:thearticlebelowaboutthechangingroleofhumanresourcesdepartments.第八题,空格后面的“That'snolongerthecase”是很重要的提醒。由于空格前面一直在强调commercial和business,所以在空缺的地方应当是和另一个方面相关的内容。选项C的administrativerole正好满足这个规定。前后文意思搭配在一起完全吻合。第九题,后面的forexample的很关键,是对前面的补充说明。“Forexample,achiefexecutivewillexpecttheHRdepartmenttoadviseoneverythingfromtheheadcounttowhethertoproceedwithanacquisition.”总裁希望人力资源经理对一切事情提出建议,从人数记录到是否进行收购。这种规定就需要人力资源经理具有很多才干。所以F的句子填在这里最合适。第十题,答案稍微不那么明显,但是D句中的aninfluentialrole可以和第十题的空格后的acrucialpart相相应,算是答案信号。要从整体上把握第三段,这里认为HRmanager的影响是全局的、长期的,所以D句的“seethewholeoperation”符合情况。第十一题,理解前后文的意思,前面说过去的operationalmanagers不那么认可HRmanager的作用,后面指出HRmanagers挣得多,所以中间是转折的意思。A句的But是个信号,“上涨的薪酬水平意味着这个职位逐渐增长的重要性得到了广泛的认可。”意思和前后都吻合,所以是对的答案。第十二题,空格前说HRmanagers觉得自己的作用被低估了,所以leaving。空格后一个However,所以空格处应当还是和leaving有关的,为什么离职。E句的意思是“被视作仅仅对别人的离开和生病的日子划勾的人是没法帮助建立忠诚感的。”填入此处正好。2023年剑桥商务英语中级真题阅读精选(4)第四辑真题TEST2READINGPART3CriticalPathWhenDavidHaydenrealisedhiscompanywasheadingfortrouble,hetookdrasticmeasurestogetitbackontrackDavidHaydenfoundedhiscompany,CriticalPath,anemailprovider,in1997totakeadvantageoftheboominemailtraffic.CriticalPathbecameapubliccompanytwoyearslater,andHaydentooktheopportunitytostepdownfromhisexecutivepositioninordertoworkonpersonalprojects.Atthesametime,heagreedtostaywiththecompanyasChairman,butthebusinesswasputinthehandsofnewmanagersbyitsinvestors.Withsector-leadingproductsandanexpandingmarket,thecompanyseemedtobeontheupandup.However,byearly2023,itwasintrouble.Sharesthathadbeenworth$26in1999,whentheywerefirstsold,weredowntoamere24cents.Calledinbyapanickingboard,HaydenfoundhimselfbackinchargeasExecutiveChairman,tryingdesperatelytorescuewhathecould.The1,100staffhadlostconfidenceinthecompanyanddidnotknowwhatwasgoingtohappentothem.And,asHaydendiscovered,themanagementteamwasincompetent.Thoseguysdidn'tunderstandtheproductorthesector,saysHayden.Theheadsofdepartmentdidn'tcommunicateandtheydidn'tlead.'Butwhatwasworse,CriticalPathhadlostthegoodwillofitsinvestors.Haydenknewthatbringingthefiguresundercontrolwouldbeavitalstepinthecompany'sturnaround.'You'vegottosortoutthefinances.Forme,thatmeantgettingbackthegoodwilloftheinvestors.Thatwastough,afterwhathadhappened.Butalthoughtheywereangrywiththecompany,theydidn'thavebadfeelingsaboutme.ItoldthemthatIknewIcouldgetthecompanyonitsfeetagain.'Hewasauthorisedtomakewhateverchangeswererequired,andhisfirstactwastofindpeoplewithinthecompanyhecouldtrustandputthemincharge.ThenextthingHaydenhadtotacklewasmorale.'Everyonelefttheofficeatfiveonthedot-theycouldn'tgetawayquicklyenough.Togetthebuzzbackandwinthestaffover,Ihadtoprovemyowncommitmentandputintheextrahourswiththem.'Inreturn,itwasassumedthatnobodywouldaskforovertimepayuntilthecompanywasonitsfeetagain.Contrarytonormalpractice,Haydenwasreluctanttolaypeopleoff,andapartfromnotreplacingpeopleastheyreachedretirementage,helefttheworkforcelargelyunchanged,althoughhedididentifykeypeoplethroughoutthecompanywhoweregivenmoreresponsibility.But,asHaydeninsists,beforeacompanyreachessuchacrisis,therearewarningsignsthatanyfinancialdirectororaccountantshouldtakenoteof.'Abusinessthathasanunrealisticpricingpolicyorhastonegotiateextendedcreditwithitssuppliersisintrouble,'ishismessage.'Orifyouoftenhavetoapplyforyouroverdraftlimittoberaisedorhavetroublepayingtaxontime,somethingneedstobedone.'By2023,thecompanywashealthyagain,withreasonablystablefinancesandamodestbutsteadysharepriceof$1.60.'Onethingthathelpedsaveuswasthatourtechnologyworked,'saysHayden.'With20millionemailaccounts,weneverlostasinglemajorclientbecausetheproductkeptonworking.'Withideasforafreshventuredemandinghisattentionelsewhere,Haydenhasmovedon.'Itwastimetogo,'hesays.'I'mnotaturnaroundspecialist.Ipreferstart-ups.'13WhateventcoincidedwithCriticalPathbecomingapubliccompany?AHaydenbecametheExecutiveDirectorofCriticalPath.BInvestorshiredareplacementteamtorunCriticalPath.CCriticalPathlaunchedasuccessfulnewproductonthemarket.DCriticalPathwasfloatedontheStockExchangeat24centspershare.14WhichofthefollowingsituationsdidHaydenfaceatCriticalPathin2023?ATheemployeeswereworriedaboutjobsecurity.BTheinvestorswerecallingforchangestothecompanystructure.CThemanagementwasmisleadingthestaffaboutthecompany'sposition.DTheboardofdirectorsdidnotrealisethescaleofthecompany'sproblems.15OnereasonHaydenwasabletoturnCriticalPatharoundwasthatAhemanagedtofindnewinvestors.Bthefinancialsituationwasnotasbadashehadthought.Chehadbuiltupagoodrelationshipwiththemanagementteam.Dhewasgiventhesupportthatheneeded.16WhatwasHayden'spolicyregardingthestaffofCriticalPath?AHepaidovertimetoeverybodywhoworkedoutsideofficehours.BHereducedtheworkforcebyoperatinganearlyretirementscheme.CHegavekeystafftheopportunitytohelphimsetgoalsforthecompany.DHerestoredmotivationbyshowingwillingnesstoworkalongsidestaff.17AccordingtoHayden,whatcouldindicatethatabusinessisintrouble?AproblemskeepingaccountsuptodateBsuppliersrefusingtooffernewcredittermsCafrequentneedtoincreasetheamountborrowedDdifficultiesingettingpaymentfromcustomersontim18HaydenleftCriticalPathafterhehadrescuedthecompanybecauseAhewantedtodevelopthetechnologyforanewinternetservice.Bhewantedtoconcentrateonfoundinganewenterprise.Chehadbeenofferedajobwithamajorinternetcompany.Dhedecidedtogointopartnershipwithamajorclient.这篇文章名为《CriticalPath》,字面上理解是关键途径,但在此文中是指一个公司的名字。整篇文章都是围绕这个公司遭遇的困境,以及这个公司的执行主席是如何力挽狂澜、扭转乾坤的。BEC考试阅读文章的一大特点是逻辑性强,层次分明,读完不会有找不着北的感觉。13题,题目问当CriticalPath成为上市公司时还发生了什么事。A不对,原文说的很明白:Haydentooktheopportunitytostepdownfromhisexecutiveposition。抓住机会从总裁的位置上退下来。B项对的。原文说thebusinesswasputinthehandsofnewmanagersbyitsinvestors。业务被投资者交给了新的经理。和B选项的“投资者雇佣了一个替代团队来运营CriticalPath”说的是一个意思。C不对,原文说的是sector-leadingproducts,行业领先的产品,的确是C选项所说的successful,但是new不对。D不对,一方面时间上不吻合,不是CriticalPath成为上市公司时的事,另一方面这一句的描述也不对,只是说股价跌倒了24美分,不是float。Publiccompany:acompanywhosesharescanbeboughtandsoldonthestockmarket,etc.上市公司。14题,题目问在2023年的CriticalPath,这个Hayden面临着什么样的情况。答案在第二段找。A段说员工们紧张工作保障。原文中说“The1,100staffhadlostconfidenceinthecompanyanddidnotknowwhatwasgoingtohappentothem”,1100号员工对公司失去了信心,不知道将会发生什么。和A的意思吻合。B、C、D在原文中都没有提到。这个题目关键是能理解jobsecurity的意思,它是商务英语里地道常见的用法(同样的尚有employmentsecurity):jobsecurity:asituationwhereajobislikelytolastforalongtimeandyouwillkeepthejobifyoudowhatyouareexpectedto15题,题目问Hayden可以扭转局面的一个因素。答案在第三段找,并不很直接,需要一点概括。这一段先说了下公司的一些难处,比如投资人很气愤,后果很严重。所幸的是投资人对Hayden并不反感:Hewasauthorisedtomakewhateverchangeswererequired,他被授权进行一切需要的改变,也就是D选项所说的得到了需要的支持。A不对,不需要找新的投资者,原文说的是“gettingbackthegoodwilloftheinvestors”,挽回投资人的好感。B不对,财政状况的确很坏。C在原文没有提到。原文的最后一句说在公司寻找可以信赖的人并让他们负责,不是说和管理层建立好关系。16题,问针对CriticalPath的员工采用的政策是什么。答案是第四段的第一句话:ThenextthingHaydenhadtotacklewasmorale。需要解决的是士气问题。也就是D段所说的restoredmotivation。这一段是讲Hayden如何与员工站在一起。A不对,原文说的很清楚:itwasassumedthatnobodywouldaskforovertimepayuntilthecompanywasonitsfeetagain。任何人不得索取加班补偿。B不对,原文是apartfromnotreplacingpeopleastheyreachedretirementage。C也不对,原文是whoweregivenmoreresponsibility,被赋予了更多的责任,不是“helphimsetgoals”。17题,题目问什么可以表白一个公司陷入了困境。答案是第五段的这么一句:Abusinessthathasanunrealisticpricingpolicyorhastonegotiateextendedcreditwithitssuppliersisintrouble。有一个不现实的定价政策或者需要和供货商谈判提高贷款。Credit是很眼熟的单词,用法很多,让人晕头转向。这里的意思是:moneythatfinancialinstitutionslendtobusinesses,governmentsandpeople18题,题目问扮演了救世主角色之后的Hayden为什么选择离开。答案是最后一段:“Withideasforafreshventuredemandinghisattentionelsewhere”和“I'mnotaturnaroundspecialist.Ipreferstart-ups.”需要一个崭新的需要他的注意力的公司。也就是B选项所说的想要一个新的公司。2023年剑桥商务英语中级真题阅读精选(5)第四辑真题TEST2READINGPART4FightingFitFineFitness,thehealthandfitnesscluboperator,announcedanimpressivesetofresultsyesterday:(19)a38-per-centjumpinannualpre-taxprofits,thecompanyclaimedthatithad(20)noneoftheproblems(21)lastweekbyitsrival,TopFit.AccordingtoSamanthaCollier,thechiefexecutive,FineFitness(22)strongandison(23)toreachitstargetof100clubswithinthreeyears,itsstrategyunaffectedbytheapparent(24)downoftheeconomy.Thecompanyopened12newclubsinthepastyear;(25)itstotalto51.Theyhave(26)tobehighlysuccessful,withpeoplejoininginlargenumbers,especiallyinthe25-to-40agerange.Eventhemore(27)clubsarestillseeingsalesgrowth,alongwithrisingretention(28)ofmorethan70percent.Thiscanbeseenasclear(29)oftheappealofFineFitness.MsCollieradmittedthatastherewere(30)toomanycompaniescompetingwithoneanother;therewouldalmostcertainlybe(31)inthehealth-and-fitness-clubsectorofthemarketShepredictedthat,withinarelativelyshorttime,theremightbeonlyaboutthreemajorcompaniesstillin(32).However,shedeclinedtosaywhichthesewerelikelytobe.Profitsroseby£6.3million,althoughtherewasafallingrossmarginsfrom31percentto28.6percentbecauseofhigherinsurancepremiums,extramanagementcostsandstart-upexpensesforthecompany'snew(33)inSpain.19AStatingBReportingCRemarkingDInforming20AtakenBfeltCexperiencedDcaught21AreleasedBissuedCopenedDrevealed22AstaysBremainsCmaintainsDkeeps23AtrackBdirectionCwayDline24AfallingBbreakingCcuttingDslowing25AbringingBputtingCgettingDmounting26AshownBresultedCprovedDdemonstrated27AinstalledBformedCestablishedDconfirmed28AratesBstandardsCproportionsDvolumes29AwitnessBsignCdisplayDevidence30ApurelyBmerelyCsimplyDbarely31AunionB

consolidation

CallianceDcombination32AtradeBofficeCcommerceDbusiness33A

trial

BventureCproposalD

speculation19题,一句话包含三个空,联系在一起做。昨天开会,宣布了一系列结果。报告税前收益增长了38%,公司并没有经历它的竞争对手所暴露的问题。19题选report,20题experienced,21题,revealedbyitsrival,被竞争对手暴露的问题。22题,remainsstrong保持强劲;单看单词的意思,貌似keep也可以(但是说实话,假如不是有同学提醒,我压根想不到会填keep)联系此句上下文,提到了在对手出现问题时这个公司表现仍然强劲remain在英文词典的解释是:continuetoexist,especiallyafterothersimilarorrelatedpeopleorthingshaveceasedtoexist在相似或者相关人和事出现状况时仍然存在,所以,remain更符合这个题目的条件23题,ontrack步入正轨。公司正在实现目的的正道上。这个词在其他完型也出现过,但是不是对的答案。24题,slowdown放缓,固定用法。经济放缓。25题,bringto,使总数达成51,这个题怕是要靠语感。put肯定不对,getto到达,mount在这里用法不对。26题,provedtobe证明是,固定用法27题,这里填入的词要和前文对照,前面说新开了12家新的俱乐部,这里的空格前有个even和more,所以应当是填入与new相相应的词。established是已确立的(Ifyouuseestablishedtodescribesomethingsuchasanorganization,youmeanthatitisofficiallyrecognizedorgenerallyapprovedofbecauseithasexistedforalongtime.)28题,retentionrate保存率,专有名词(Retainedearningsdividedbytotalafter-taxearnings,expressedasapercentage),指公司税后收益所保存的那一部分。29题,公司吸引力的证据。clearevidence明显的证据。不选sign,sign只是迹象。30题,simply修饰toomany从用法和意思上都对,在这里就是表强调的,意思是公司太多了。31题,consolidation强化、合并(Toconsolidateanumberofsmallgroupsorfirmsmeanstomakethemintoonelargeorganization.),有很多的公司互相竞争,所以需要进行一个整合。这是商英里的固定说法。32题,inbusiness在经营。是说不久这个市场上的公司会淘汰的只剩下三个。33题,理解了venture的意思就不难做出选择,在这里是指商业冒险,也是商英地道说法。公司要在西班牙进行一些投机活动,因此增长了额外的管理费用。2023年剑桥商务英语中级真题阅读精选(6)第四辑真题TEST3READINGPART11thefailureofacompanytosetitspricesappropriately2acontextthatmakesitdifficulttoincreaseprices3theconsequencesofcompaniestryingtoconcealtheirapproachtopricing4themeansbywhichacompanyensuredprecisioninthepricesitoffered5thefactthatcompaniescanlearnabouttheeffectsofapricereduction6thefirstsectortopriceproductsaccordingtohowmuchcustomerswerepreparedtospend7thewidespreaduseofroughguidelinestodeterminepricesGettingthepricerightA、Chiefexecutivesneedtopaymoreattentiontopricing,accordingtoRobertoLippioftheApexGroup,aconsultancythatoffersadviceonpricingstrategy.Heacceptsthatlowinflationfiguresinmanyindustrialisedcountriesmakesraisingpricestough,butarguesthatthisshouldnotnecessarilydetercompanies.Hegivestheexampleoftheairlines,which,withtheirminimumstayrequirementsandmassivepremiumsforflexibility,ledthewayinsortingcustomersintocategories,basedontheirwillingnesstopay.B、Thekeytopricingistoavoidalienatingcustomers.AsLippipointsout,onceabadpricehasbeenestablished,itcanbeverydifficulttoturnthesituationaround.Hegivestheexampleofaconsumergoodscompanythatwentbankruptlargelybecauseitdidnotpriceitsdigitalcamerasproperly.Incontrast,hecitesthecaseofaSwissdrugcompanythatintroducedsoftwareforeverysalesrepresentative'slaptop,enablingthemtoprovideconsistentandaccuratepricequotes.Tohelpstaffwiththisinnovation,thecompanyalsocreatedanewpostofdirectorofpricingstrategy.C、Manyoftoday'smanagershavethebenefitofmoderntechnologytohelpthemwithpricing.Supermarketchains,forexample,caneasilytrackcustomers''elasticity'-howtheirbuyinghabitschangeinresponsetoapriceriseoradiscount.Butalthoughacompanycannowmeasurethissortofthinginamoresophisticatedway,followingbasicrulesisstillthemostcommonwayofsettingprices.Mostbossesstillworrymoreabouttheircoststhanthepricestheycharge;onerecentsurveyfoundthattheyspendaslittleas2%oftheirtimeonpricing.D、Onepopularapproachtopricingisillustratedbythecarcompaniesthatchargeextraforproductadd-onssuchaselectricwindows,insteadofofferingthemaspartofthestandardprice.Althoughmanycustomersarepreparedtopayextra,Lippirecommendsthatcompaniesmakesurethatpricedifferencesreflectrealdifferencesintheproduct,eitherinqualityorintheextraserviceonoffer.Theworstapproachistotrytokeepthepricingstructuresecretfromcustomers.Nowadays,thatismorelikelytoleadtolostcontractsthanlargeprofits这篇文章重要是关于定价(pricing)的。题目算是阅读第一部分里比较隐晦的了。四个部分分别介绍了影响定价的一些因素。第一题,公司没有合理定价。答案是B段引用的一个例子:Hegivestheexampleofaconsumergoodscompanythatwentbankruptlargelybecauseitdidnotpriceitsdigitalcamerasproperly.由于没有对数码相机合理定价,所以一个消费品公司破产了。和第一题吻合。Consumergoods:goodssuchasfood,clothing,etc.boughtandusedbyindividualcustomers消费品。第二题,大环境使得涨价很困难。答案是A段,有点不太明显,甚至也许需要点经济学基础:Heacceptsthatlowinflationfiguresinmanyindustrialisedcountriesmakesraising

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