2012年全国入学统一考试英语试题

2012 入学统一考试英语试SectionIUseofReadthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)TheethicaljudgmentsoftheSupremeCourtjusticeshave eanimportantissuerecently.Thecourtcannot1itslegitimacyasguardianoftheruleoflaw2justicesbehavelikepoliticians.Yet,inseveralinstances,justicesactedinwaysthat_3_thecourt’sreputationforbeingindependentandimpartial.JusticeAntoninScalia,forexample,appearedatpoliticalevents.Thatkindofactivitymakesitlesslikelythatthecourt’sdecisionswillbe_4_asimpartialjudgments.Partoftheproblemisthatthejusticesarenot5byanethicscode.Attheveryleast,thecourtshouldmakeitself_6_tothecodeofconductthat_7_totherestofthefederalThisandothersimilarcases_8_thequestionofwhetherthereisstilla_9_betweenthecourtandpolitics.TheframersoftheConstitutionenvisionedlaw_10_havingauthorityapartfrompolitics.Theygavejusticespermanentpositions_11_theywouldbefreeto_12_thoseinpowerandhavenoneedto_13_politicalsupport.Ourlegalsystemwasdesignedtosetlawapartfrompoliticspreciselybecausetheyaresoclosely14.Constitutionallawispoliticalbecauseitresultsfromchoicesrootedinfundamentalsocial_15_likelibertyandproperty.Whenthecourtdealswithsocialpolicydecisions,thelawit_16_isinescapablypolitical-whichiswhydecisionssplitalongideologicallinesaresoeasily_17_asunjust.Thejusticesmust_18_doubtsaboutthecourt’slegitimacybymaking_19_tothecodeofconduct.Thatwouldmakerulingsmorelikelytobeseenasseparatefrompoliticsand,_20_,convincingaslaw.1.[D]2.[D]3.[D]4.[C][D]5.6.7.8.

[B]atall [C]ina [D]asaSectionIIReadingReadthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Comeon–Everybody’sngit.Thatwhisperedmessage,halfinvitationandhalfforcing,iswhatmostofusthinkofwhenwehearthewordspeerpressure.Itusuallyleadstonogood-drinking,drugsandcasualsex.ButinhernewbookJointheClub,TinaRosenbergcontendsthatpeerpressurecanalsobeapositiveforcethroughwhatshecallsthesocialcure,inwhichorganizationsandofficialsusethepowerofgroupdynamicstohelpindividualsimprovetheirlivesandpossiblytheword.Rosenberg,therecipientofaPulitzerPrize,offersahostofexampleofthesocialcureinaction:InSouthCarolina,astate-sponsoredantismokingprogramcalledRageinitiativeknownasLoveLiferecruitsyoungpeopletopromotesafesexamongtheirTheideaseemspromising，andRosenbergisaperceptiveobserver.Hercritiquethelamenessofmanypubic-healthnsisspot-on:theyfailtomobilizepeerpressureforhealthyhabits,andtheydemonstrateaseriouslyflawedunderstandingofpsychology.”Daretobedifferent,pleasedon’tsmoke!”pleadsone aimedatreducingsmokingamongteenagers-teenagers,whodesirenothingmorethanfittingin.Rosenbergarguesconvincinglythatpublic-healthadvocatesoughttotakeapagefromadvertisers,soskilledatapplyingpeerpressure.Butonthegeneraleffectivenessofthesocialcure,Rosenbergislesspersuasive.JointheClubisfilledwithtoomuchirrelevantdetailandnotenoughexplorationofthesocialandbiologicalfactorsthatmakepeerpressuresopowerful.Themostglaringflawofthesocialcureasit’spresentedhereisthatitdoesn’tworkverywellforverylong.RageAgainsttheHazefailedoncestatefundingwascut.EvidencethattheLoveLifeprogramproduceslastingchangesislimitedandmixed.There’snodoubtthatourpeergroupsexertenormousinfluenceonourbehavior.Anemergingbodyofresearchshowsthatpositivehealthhabits-aswellasnegativeones-spreadthroughnetworksoffriendsviasocialcommunication.Thisisasubtleformofpeerpressure:weunconsciouslyimitatethebehaviorweseeeveryday.Farlesscertain,however,ishowsuccessfullyexpertsandbureaucratscanselectourpeergroupsandsteertheiractivitiesinvirtuousdirections.It’sliketheteacherwhobreaksupthetroublemakersinthebackrowbypairingthemwithbetter-behavedclassmates.Thetacticneverreallyworks.Andthat’stheproblemwithasocialcureengineeredfromtheoutside:intherealworld,asinschool,weinsistonchoosingourownfriends.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,peerpressureoftenemergesasupplementtothesocialastimulustogroupanobstacletoschoolacauseofundesirableRosenbergholdsthatpublicadvocatesrecruitprofessionallearnfromadvertisers’stayawayfromcommercialrecognizethelimitationsofIntheauthor’sview,Rosenberg’sbookfailsadequayprobesocialandbiologicaleffectivelyevadetheflawsofthesocialillustratethefunctionsofstatefunding[D]producealong-lastingsocialeffectParagraph5showsthatourimitationofisharmfultoournetworksofwillmisleadbehavioraloccurswithoutourrealizingcanproducenegativehealthTheauthorsuggestsinthelastparagraphthattheeffectofpeerpressureAdealisadeal-except,apparently,whenEntergyisinvolved.Thecompany,amajorenergyrinNewEngland,provokedjustifiedoutrageinVermontlastweekwhenitannounceditwasrenegingonalongstandingcommitmenttoabidebythestrictnuclearregulations.Instead,thecompanyhasdonepreciselywhatithadlongpromiseditwouldnotchallengetheconstitutionalityofVermont’srulesinthefederalcourt,aspartofaThehasbeensurfacingsince2002,whenthecorporationboughtVermont’sonlynuclearpowerplant,anagingreactorinVernon.Asaconditionofreceivingstateapprovalforthesale,thecompanyagreedtoseekpermissionfromstateregulatorstooperatepast2012.In2006,thestatewentastepfurther,requiringthatanyextensionoftheplant’slicensebesubjecttoVermontlegislature’sapproval.Then,too,thecompanywentalong.EitherEntergyneverreallyintendedtolivebythosecommitments,oritsimplydidn’tforeseewhatwouldhappennext.Astringofaccidents,includingthepartialcollapseofacoolingtowerin207andthediscoveryofanundergroundpipesystemleakage,raisedseriousquestionsaboutbothVermontYankee’ssafetyandEntergy’smanagement–especiallyafterthecompanymademisleadingstatementsaboutthepipe.EnragedbyEntergy’sbehavior,theVermontSenatevoted26to4lastyearagainstallowinganNowthecompanyissuddenlyclaimingthatthe2002agreementisinvalidbecauseofthe2006legislation,andthatonlythefederalernmenthasregulatorypowerovernuclearissues.Thelegalissuesinthecaseareobscure:whereastheSupremeCourthasruledthatstatesdohavesomeregulatoryauthorityovernuclearpower,legalscholarssaythatVermontcasewillofferaprecedent-settingtestofhowfarthosepowersextend.Certainly,therearevalidconcernsaboutthepatchworkregulationsthatcouldresultifeverystatesetsitsownrules.ButhadEntergykeptitsword,thatdebatewouldbetheThecompanyseemstohaveconcludedthatitsreputationinVermontisalreadysodamagedthatithasnotinglefttolosebygoingtowarwiththestate.Butthereshouldbeconsequences.Permissiontorunanuclearplantisapoblictrust.Entergyruns11otherreactorsintheUnitedStates,includingPilgrimNuclearstationinPlymouth.PledgingtorunPilgrimsafely,thecompanyhasappliedforfederalpermissiontokeepitopenforanother20years.ButastheNuclearRegulatoryCommission(NRC)reviewsThephrase“renegingon”(Line3.para.1)isclosestinmeaningByenteringintothe2002agreement,EntergyintendedobtainprotectionfromVermontseekfavorfromthefederalacquireanextensionofitsbusinesslicensegetpermissiontopurchaseapowerAccordingtoParagraph4,EntergyseemstohaveproblemswithmanagerialtechnicalfinancialbusinessIntheauthor’sview,theVermontcasewillEntergy’scapacitytofulfillallitsthematureofstates’patchworkthefederalauthorityovernuclearissuesthelimitsofstates’powerovernuclearItcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphEntergy’sbusinesselsewheremightbetheauthorityoftheNRCwillbeEntergywillwithdrawitsPlymouthVermont’sreputationmightbeIntheidealizedversionofhowscienceisdone,factsabouttheworldarewaitingtobeobservedandcollectedbyobjectiveresearcherswhousethescientificmethodtocarryouttheirwork.Butintheeverydaypracticeofscience,discoveryfollowsanambiguousandcomplicatedroute.Weaimtobeobjective,butwecannotescapethecontextofouruniquelifeexperience.Priorknowledgeandinterestinfluencewhatweexperience,whatwethinkourexperiencesmean,andthesubsequentactionswetake.Opportunitiesformisinterpretation,error,andself-deceptionabound.Consequently,discoveryclaimsshouldbethoughtofasprotoscience.Similartonewlystakedminingclaims,theyarefullofpotential.Butittakescollectivescrutinyandacceptancetotransformadiscoveryclaimintoamaturediscovery.Thisisthecredibilityprocess,throughwhichtheindividualresearcher’sme,here,now thecommunity’sanyone,anywhere,anytime.Objectiveknowledgeisthegoal,notthestartingpoint.Onceadiscoveryclaim espublic,thediscovererreceivesinlectualcredit.But,unlikewithminingclaims,thecommunitytakescontrolofwhathappensnext.Withinthecomplexsocialstructureofthescientificcommunity,researchersmakediscoveries;editorsandreviewersactasgatekeepersbycontrollingthepublicationprocess;otherscientistsusethenewfindingtosuittheirownpurposes;andfinally,thepublic(includingotherscientists)receivesthenewdiscoveryandpossiblypanyingtechnology.Asadiscoveryclaimworksitthroughthecommunity,theinteractionandbetweensharedandcompetingbeliefsaboutthescienceandthetechnologyinvolvedtransformsanindividual’sdiscoveryclaimintocommunity’scredibleTwoparadoxesexistthroughoutthiscredibilityprocess.First,scientificworktendstofocusonsomeaspectofprevailingKnowledgethatisviewedas pleteorincorrect.Littlereward paniesduplicationandconfirmationofwhatisalreadyknownandbelieved.Thegoalisnew-search,notre-search.Notsurprisingly,newlypublisheddiscoveryclaimsandcrediblediscoveriesthatappeartobeimportantandconvincingwillalwaysbeopentochallengeandpotentialmodificationorrefutationbyfutureresearchers.Second,noveltyitselffrequentlyprovokesdisbelief.NobelLaureateandphysiologistAlbertAzent-Gyorgyioncedescribeddiscoveryas“seeingwhateverybodyhasseenandthinkingwhatnobodyhasthought.”Butthinkingwhatnobodyelsehasthoughtandlingotherswhattheyhavemissedmaynotchangetheirviews.SometimesyearsarerequiredfortrulynoveldiscoveryclaimstobeacceptedandIntheend,credibility“happens”toadiscoveryclaim–aprocessthatcorrespondstowhatphilosopherAnnetteBaierhasdescribedasthecommonsofthemind.“Wereasontogether,challenge,revise,andcompleteeachother’sreasoningandeachother’sconceptionsofreason.”Accordingtothefirstparagraph,theprocessofdiscoveryischaracterizedbyuncertaintyandmisconceptionandlogicalityandessandItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2thatcredibilityprocessstrictinspection.[B]sharedefforts.[C]individualwisdom.[D]persistentinnovation.Paragraph3showsthatadiscovery escredibleafterhasattractedtheattentionofthegeneralpublic.[B]hasbeenexaminedbythescientific[C]hasreceivedrecognitionfromeditorsandreviewers.[D]hasbeenfrequentlyquotedbypeerscientists.AlbertSzent-Györgyiwouldmostlikelyagreescientificclaimswillsurvivechallenges.[B]discoveriestodayinspirefuture[C]effortstomakediscoveriesarejustified.[D]scientificworkcallsforacriticalmind.WhichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleoftheNoveltyasanEngineofScientificDevelopment.[B]CollectiveScrutinyinScientificDiscovery.[C]EvolutionofCredibilityinngScience.[D]ChallengetoCredibilityattheGatetoScience.IfthetradeunionistJimmyHoffawerealivetoday,hewouldprobablyrepresentcivilservant.WhenHoffa’sTeamsterswereintheirprimein1960,onlyoneintenAmericanernmentworkersbelongedtoaunion;now36%do.In2009thenumberofunionistsinAmerica’spublicsectorpassedthatoftheirfellowmembersintheprivatesector.InBritain,morethanhalfofpublic-sectorworkersbutonlyabout15%ofprivate-sectoronesareunionized.Therearethreereasonsforthepublic-sectorunions’thriving.First,theycanshutthingsdownwithoutsufferingmuchinthewayofconsequences.Second,theyaremostlybrightandwell-educated.AquarterofAmerica’spublic-sectorworkershaveauniversitydegree.Third,theynowdominateleft-of-centrepolitics.Someoftheirtiesgobackalongway.Britain’sLaborParty,asitsnameimplies,haslongbeenassociatedwithtradeunionism.Itscurrentleader,EdMiliband,oweshispositiontovotespublic-sectorAtthestateleveltheirinfluencecanbeevenmorefearsome.MarkBaldassareofthePublicPolicyInstituteofCaliforniapointsoutthatmuchofthestate’sbudgetispatrolledbyunions.Theteachers’unionskeepaneyeonschools,theOAonprisonsandavarietyoflaborgroupsonhealthcare.Inmanyrichcountriesaveragewagesinthestatesectorarehigherthanintheprivateone.Buttherealgainscomeinbenefitsandworkpractices.Politicianshaverepeatedly“backloaded”public-sectorpaydeals,keethepayincreasesmodestbutaddingtoholidaysandespeciallypensionsthatarealreadygenerous.Reformhasbeenvigorouslyopposed,perhapsmostegregiouslyineducation,wherecharterschools,academiesandmeritpayallfaceddrawn-outbattles.Eventhoughthereisplentyofevidencethatthequalityoftheteachersisthemostimportantvariable,teachers’unionshavefoughtagainstgettingridofbadonesandpromotinggoodones.Asthecosttoeveryoneelsehas eclearer,politicianshavebeguntoclampdown.InWisconsintheunionshaveralliedthousandsofsupportersagainstScottWalker,thehardlineRepublicanernor.Butmanywithinthepublicsectorunderthecurrentsystem,JohnDonahueatHarvard’sKennedySchoolpointsoutthatthenormsofcultureinWesterncivilservicessuitthosewhowanttostayputbutisbadforhighachievers.TheonlyAmericanpublic-sectorworkerswhoearnwellabove$250,000ayearareuniversitysportscoachesandtheoftheUnitedStates.Bankers’fatpaypacketshaveattractedmuchcriticism,butapublic-sectorsystemthatdoesnotrewardhighachieversmaybeamuchbiggerproblemforAmerica.ItcanbelearnedfromthefirstparagraphTeamstersstillhavealargebodyofJimmyHoffausedtoworkasacivilunionshaveenlargedtheirpublic-sectormembership.[D]theernmenthasimproveditsrelationshipwithunionists.WhichofthefollowingistrueofParagraphPublic-sectorunionsareprudentintakingEducationisrequiredforpublic-sectorunionLaborPartyhaslongbeenfightingagainstpublic-sectorunions.[D]Public-sectorunionsseldomgetintroublefortheiractions.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph4that einthestatesectorillegallyindirectlyexcessivelyfairlyTheexampleoftheunionsinWisconsinshowsthatunions[A]oftenrunagainstthecurrentpoliticalsystem.[B]canchangepeople’spoliticalattitudes.[C]maybeabarriertopublic-sectorreforms.[D]aredominantintheernment.JohnDonahue’sattitudetowardsthepublic-sectorsystemisonePartBInthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Thinkofthosefleetingmomentswhenyoulookoutofanaeroplanewindowandrealisethatyouareflying,higherthanabird.Nowthinkofyourlaptop,thinnerthanabrown-paperenvelope,oryourinthepalmofyourhand.Takeamomentortwotowonderatthosemarvels.Youaretheluckyinheritorofadreamcometrue.Thesecondhalfofthe20thcenturysawacollectionofgeniuses,warriors,entrepreneursandvisionarieslabourtocreateafabulousmachinethatcouldfunctionasatypewriterandprintingpress,studioandtheatre,paintbrushandgallery,pianoandradio,themailaswellasthemailcarrier.(41)Thenetworkedcomputerisanamazingdevice,thefirstmediamachinethatservesasthemodeofproduction,meansofdistribution,siteofreception,andplaceofpraiseandcritique.Thecomputeristhe21stcentury'sculturemachine.Butforallthereasonstherearetocelebratethecomputer,wemustalsotreadwithcaution.(42)Icallitasecretwarfortworeasons.First,mostpeopledonotrealisethattherearestrongcommercialagendasatworktokeeptheminpassiveconsumptionmode.Second,themajorityofpeoplewhousenetworkedcomputerstouploadarenotevenawareofthesignificanceofwhattheyareng.Allanimalsdownload,butonlyafewupload.Beaversbuilddamsandbirdsnests.Yetforthemostpart,theanimalkingdommovesthroughtheworlddownloading.Humansareuniqueintheircapacitytonotonlymaketoolsbutthenturnaroundusethemtocreatesuperfluousmaterialgoods-paintings,sculptureandarchitecture-andsuperfluousexperiences-music,literature,religionandphilosophy.(43)Forallthepossibilitiesofournewculturemachines,mostpeoplearestillstuckindownloadmode.Evenaftertheadventofwidespreadsocialmedia,apyramidofproductionremains,withasmallnumberofpeopleuploadingmaterial,aslightlylargergroupcommentingonormodifyingthatcontent,andahugepercentageremainingcontenttojustconsume.(44)evisionisaone-waytapflowingintoourhomes.Thehardesttaskthatevisionasksofanyoneistoturnthepoweroffafterhehasturnediton.Whatcountsasmeaningfuluploading?Mydefinitionrevolvesaroundtheconceptof"stickiness"-creationsandexperiencestowhichothersadhere.Ofcourse,itispreciselythesesuperfluousthingsthatdefinehumancultureandultimaywhatitistobehuman.Downloadingandconsumingculturerequiresgreatskills,butfailingtomovebeyonddownloadingistostriponeselfofadefiningconstituentofhumanity.Applicationslike ,whichallowuserstocombinepictures,wordsandothermediaincreativewaysandthensharethem,havethepotentialtoaddstickinessbyamusing,entertainingandenlighteningothers.Notonlydidtheydevelopsuchadevicebutbytheturnofthemillenniumtheyhadalsomanagedtoembeditinaworldwidesystemaccessedbybillionsofpeopleeveryday.Thisisbecausethenetworkedcomputerhassparkedasecretwarbetweendownloadinganduploading-betweenpassiveconsumptionandactivecreation-ewillshapeourcollectivefutureinwayswecanonlybegintoThechallengethecomputermountstoevisionthusbearslittlesimilaritytooneformatbeingreplacedbyanotherinthemannerofrecordplayersbeingreplacedbyCDOnereasonforthepersistenceofthispyramidofproductionisthatforthepasthalf-century,muchoftheworld'smediaculturehasbeendefinedbyasinglemediumevision-andevisionisdefinedbyThenetworkedcomputeroffersthefirstchancein50yearstoreversetheflow,toencouragethoughtfuldownloadingand,evenmoreimportantly,meaningfuluploading.PartCReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)SincethedaysofAristotle,asearchforuniversalprincipleshascharacterizedthescientificenterprise.Insomeways,thisquestforcommonalitiesdefinesscience.Newton’slawsofmotionandDarwinianevolutioneachbindahostofdifferentphenomenaintoasingleexplicatoryframework.(46)Inphysics,oneapproachtakesthisimpulseforunificationtoitsextreme,andseeksatheoryofeverything—asinglegenerativeequationforallwesee.Itis inglessclear,however,thatsuchatheorywouldbeasimplification,giventhedimensionsanduniversesthatitmightentail,nonetheless,unificationofsortsremainsamajorgoal.Thistendencyinthenaturalscienceshaslongbeenevidentinthesocialsciencestoo.itseemsreasonabletosupposethatculturaldiversitycouldalsobetracedtomoreconstrainedbeginnings.Justasthebewilderingvarietyofhumancourtshipritualsmightandreligiouscustomsandevenhistoryareernedbyuniversalfeatures.(48)Tofilteroutwhatisuniquefromwhatissharedmightenableustounderstandhowcomplexculturalbehavioraroseandwhatguidesitinevolutionaryorcognitiveterms.That,atleast,isthehope.Butacomparativestudyoflinguistictraitspublishedonlinetodaysarealitycheck.RussellGrayattheUniversityofAucklandandhiscolleaguesconsidertheevolutionofgrammarsinthelightoftwopreviousattemptstofinduniversalityinlanguage.humansarebornwithaninnatelanguage—acquisitioncapacitythatdictatesauniversalgrammar.Afewgenerativerulesarethensufficienttounfoldtheentirefundamentalstructureofalanguage,whichiswhychildrencanlearnitsoquickly.identifyingtraits(particularlyinwordorder)sharedbymanylanguagewhichareconsideredtorepresentbiasesthatresultfromcognitiveconstraintsGrayandhiscolleagueshaveputthemtothetestbyexaminingfourfamilytreesthatbetweenthemrepresentmorethan2,000languages.(50)Chomsky’sgrammarshouldshowpatternsoflanguagechangethatareindependentofthefamilytreeorthepathwaytrackedthroughit.WhereasGreenbergianuniversalitypredictsstrongco-dependenciesbetweenparticulartypesofword-orderrelations.Neitherofthesepatternsisborneoutbytheysis,suggestingthatthestructuresofthelanguagesarelireage-specificandnoternedbyuniversalsSectionIIIPart51.Someinternationalsstudentsarecomingtoyouruniversity.WritethemaninthenameoftheStudents’Uniontoextend eprovidesomesuggestionsfortheircampuslifeYoushouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyournameattheendoftheletter.Use“LiMing”instead.Donotwritetheaddress(10Part52.Directions:writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressayyoushoulddescribethedrawingexplainitsintendedmeaning,giveyourYoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(202012考研英语答SectionⅠUseof2012年的完型填空是有关司和政治关系的一篇文章，出自New和以往一样，第一句话不设空，帮助理解全文探讨的话题：高等，题1选B。maintain.此空有赖于对后文的理解。这直接体现了我们作完型的整时题2答案(when)也顺势而出如果们和一样就不能捍卫自己，题2选Awhen其实表示条件关系，即“如果……。题3weakened。上下文语义题+词义辨析。选项含义差别较大，要求对上损害了独立和公正的名声”本题如果能把导向把握准即可定位在B和D两项，D项eliminated过于绝对，排除。题4D.accepted倚而被认可变得不太可能。A选项challenged和C项ed意义相反，和主旨，即肯定了参与政治行为。B项compromised“调停”和无关。题5选C。上下文语义题。本段属于总分形式。首先提出参与政治导致的则的约束。”其他三项不合逻辑，均不具干扰性。6选Bsubject04年，05年，“易……”，考查形式有“issubjectedto”，“issubjectto”以及“subjectsb.to的意思即“使服从受…”，“应该依行为准则办事”至于选项Aresistant和Cimmune两个选项和subject这三个词在04年的第8道题也同时出现。“Beimmuneto”指“对…免疫，不起作用”。可见很多时候命题人不总以内容为基础来题7Dapplied“codeofconduct”，即“应该让自己服从于那些也同样应用于其的行为准则”。A项resortto：诉诸于，求助于Bsticksto:坚持;这两项的主语都不能是“code”，属搭配不当。C项leadto，导致。意义不符，直接排除。题8选B.raise。上下文语义+固定搭配。“raisethequestionof”提出了……的合全文导向。Aevade规避，逃避和D项“处理，解决”，不符合上下文逻辑。C项“否决”和后面的“questionwhether…”构不成搭配。9A.line。上下文语义+固定搭配。“alinebetween…”：“在…存在或划题10选Bas。介词用法。envision…as…把……预想成为题13Ccultivate.上下文语义题。“有了这种地位做保障，也就不需要再去题15A.concepts。词义辨析题。“liberty”和“property”同属社会基本理念，theories理论)或divisions分支)D项conception常指具体的或个人的题16Cshapes。考查熟词僻义。“Shapeaplan”子为省略了that的定语从句。“当处理社会政策决议的问题时，它们制定出题17选A.dismissed。考查熟词僻义Dismiss在这里意为“考虑遭拒”。题18选C.address。依然考查熟词僻义。最后一段提出建议。希望们必须处理人们对于的质疑“address”一词作为“处理解决”的意思在完06年的完型中最后一段“addresstheneedsofthehomeless”，题19.Daccountable.考查点：同义复现+熟词僻义。此题和第二段的题6构“beaccountableto…”不是“可解释的”，而是指“…负责”。“beagreeableto”是“愉快的;同意的”;虽然也有“适合的，符合品位的”的意思，但题中tocode，不合逻辑。“agreeabletoeverybody:适合于所有人”A“beaccessibleto…,可接近…，能得到的”和B项“amiable”和蔼可亲的，与题20.Dasaresult。考查逻辑关系词。Abyallmeans和B项atallcosts用法一致，切含义相近，首先排除。Cinaword是“总之”，总结全文下结论时用，而且多用在句首。这里and连接词前面的内容是“让和政治分离SectionⅡReadingPartAAccordingtothefirstparagraph,peerpressureoftenemergesasupplementtothesocialcureastimulustogroupdynamics对团队的刺anobstacletoschoolprogressacauseofundesirablebehaviorsD。细节题：选项：acauseofundesirablebehaviorsItusuallyleadstonogood-drinkingdrugsandcasualsex。题干中的often对应原文中的usually;选项中undesirablebehaviors对应nogood-drinking,drugsandcasualsex.lead与cause。同义替换，难度不大。Rosenbergholdsthatpublicadvocatesrecruitprofessionaladvertisers招募职业的learnfromadvertisers’experience从人那里学习经stayawayfromcommercialadvertisers远离商业recognizethelimitationsofadvertisements认识到的局限oughttotakeapagefromadvertisers,soskilledatapplyingpeerpressure。分别对应句中的public-healthadvocates和oughtto从四个选项中课看出来正确选项可能advertiser或者advertisement有关，从而把目光锁定在takeapagefromatapplying，(也能熟练的运用)，再对照四个选项不难选出正确答案B，学习才能Intheauthor’sview,Rosenberg’sbookfails作者认为Rosenbergadequayprobesocialandbiologicalfactors足够的探究社会和生物因effectivelyevadetheflawsofthesocialcureillustratethefunctionsofstatefundingproducealong-lastingsocialeffectbook不能(怎么样)book对应第四段第二句的斜体为书名对应题干中的book,不足;后面一句中的主语JointheClub为此人所写，所以后面的表述就是他的观点：notenoughexplorationofthesocialandbiologicalfactorsthatmakepeerpressuresopowerful.exploration对probe，同义替换，notenoughexploration也和failstoadequay对应这个题难度也不大能明确定位，probeA答案的关键，在09BB选项中prior这个单词不认识外，其他的刚好的文中定位处的同义替换，而很多同的考生就不敢选择A答案了。Paragraph5showsthatourimitationofisharmfultoournetworksoffriendswillmisleadbehavioralstudiesoccurswithoutourrealizingit在没有的时候就出现canproducenegativehealthhabits解析：答案为C。细节题;通过题干中imitation和behaviors可定位于第五段最后一句。Thisisasubtleformofpeerpressureweunconsciouslyimitatethebehaviorweseeeverydayunconsciously，subtle这个词在我们04年第二篇文章的第二该有印象，我们的27题的答案选择的是D答案：Someformofdiscriminationistosubtletorecognize,大家可以看一下这道题和以前考过的题出现的相似性。Theauthorsuggestsinthelastparagraphthattheeffectofpeerpressureharmfuldesirableprofoundquestionable解析：答案为D。态度题考查作者对同龄人压力效果的态度，对应Farlesscertain,however,is…，第一句中invirtuous(正直的，有效的)directions了将后排捣乱的学生分开而将他们和他们与表现好的学生安排在一块，Thetacticneverreallyworks…(这些策略(方法)不是真正起作用的)2年考研英语阅读的文章来源于 为VermontYankeeplant’sownermusthonoritsownpromises.文章的题材属于信息科技类文章。讲述的是有关NewEngland一家公司了核电站后，ding生对文章总体的理解。但是本篇文章中出现了一些相对比较生僻的词汇，如：rngeon,gingrtionxt2C语义题。考的是一个词汇在文章中的特定含义。Renegingon出现在文章中的AcondemningBreaffirmingC.dishonoring拒付，丢脸，不光彩D.securing，保护从文中我们可以看A”第3段，第四行，“…thecompanyagreedtoseekpermissionfromstateregulatorstooperatepast2012.”公司同意2012年以后的运营需要在征得州相关管理规定的允B选项错在“Federal”范围。C选项的意思是：延长商业执照的有效期，误解了原文意思。D选项提到A选项：A。管理实践B。技术创新C.D.ABVermont章第5段第4-5行：”…legalscholarssaythatVermontcasewillofferaprecedent-settingtestofhowfarthesepowersextend…”我们可以得到是一种对权力的检测，检测AC.BD选项当中，B的意思是各州这些比较杂乱的制度的成熟程度，而D选项指的是在核问题上，各州权力的局限性。结合文章我们最终选择B选项因为文章的是在指各州如何来运用自己的权利，B推断题。提到一个：NRC需要定位到文章最后一个段落。文章最后一句提到：ButastheNRCreviewsthecompany’sapplication,itshouldkeepitmindwhatfromEntergyareworth。”用排除法，可以先排除选项D名誉可能会损坏与isalreadydamaged.接下来，从文章中可以看到公司提出的申请是有关年限延长的申请而非能不能在Plymouth的申请，所以可以排除C.A选项中提到公司在其他地方的生意会受到影响恰恰与文章描述相反。所以，综上所述，正确选项为BNRC构成了一种本自TheScientist(《科学家》) 出的题为“TheEvolutionofA，答案在文章第一段第四行，ambiguousandcomplicated与选项uncertaintyandcomplexityBittakescollectivescrutinyandacceptanceto…B表达B，此为段落概括的，A是无关选项，文中没有提到;选项C，D为干D，此题较难，很容易。首先，选项A，B可以排除，因为A，B是第非常清晰，标点符号是最好的识别标志。另外，根据句子意思，选项C与段落关联不大，因此D为最佳答案。C这是出自年月号的一篇文章，题为Enemiesofprogress：Thebiggestbarriertopublic-sectorreformaretheItcanbelearnedfromthefirstparagraphthatTeamstersstillhavealargebodyofmembersTeamstersJimmyHoffausedtoworkasacivilservantJimmyHoffaunionshaveenlargedtheirpublic-sectormembership.工会已经增加了其公共theernmenthasimproveditsrelationshipwithunionis