2023年全国职称英语等级考试试卷及答案理工类B级

2023年全国职称英语等级考试试卷及答案（理工类B级）应考人员注意事项1.本试卷代码为“111”，请将此代码填涂在答题卡“试卷代码”相应的栏目内；否则，无法评分。2.请将工作单位、姓名、准考证号分别填写在试卷和答题卡相应的位置上。3.全卷65题，连续编号，共100分。请按题号在答题卡上将所选选项相应的字母用2B铅笔涂黑。在试卷上作答无效。第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分拟定1个意义最为接近选项。1Shewas

close

tosuccessA.fast

B.quick

C.tight

D.near2Thetwogirlslook

alikeA.similar

B.beautiful

C.pretty

D.attractive3Theboyis

intelligentA.naughty

B.clever

C.difficult

D.active4Everybodywas

glad

toseeMarybackA.sorry

B.sad

C.happy

D.angry5Whatisyour

glad

inlife？A.aim

B.plan

C.arrangement

D.idea6Jackisa

diligent

studentA.ambitious

B.hardworking

C.lazy

D.slow7Marysaid

mildly

thatshewasjustcurious.A.shyly

B.gently

C.weakly

D.wildly8Practically

allanimalscommunicatethroughsoundsA.Almost

B.Clearly

C.Absolutely

D.Basically9Thestorywasvery

touching.A.inspiring

B.boring

C.absorbing

D.moving10Iwasn’tqualifiedforthejobreally，butIgotit

anyhowA.anyway

B.somehow

C.anywhere

D.somewhere11Shewasa

puzzleA.girl

B.woman

C.mystery

D.problem12Her

speciality

isheartsurgery.A.region

B.site

C.platform

D.field13Francehaskept

intimate

linkswithitsformerAfricanterritories.A.private

B.friendly

C.strong

D.secret14Youshouldhave

blended

thebutterwiththesugarthoroughlyA.mixed

B.spread

C.beaten

D.covered15Theindustrialrevolution

modified

thewholestructureofEnglishsocieA.destroyed

B.broke

C.changed

D.smashed第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：假如该句提供的是对的信息，请选择A；假如该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；假如该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。EarthquakeHowdoesanearthquakestart？Whatmakesanearthquakehappen？Therockoftheearth’scrust（地壳）mayhaveafault’，akindofbreakinthesurface.Theblockswhichmakeuptheearthmove，andsometimesthismaycausethesidesofthefaulttomoveupanddownorlengthways（纵向地）againsteachother.Whenonepieceofrockstartstorubonanotherwithgreatforce，alotofenergyisused.Thisenergyischangedintovibrations（振动）anditisthesevibrationsthatwereefasanearthquake.ThevibrationscantravelthousandsofkilometersandsoanearthquakeinTurkeymaybefeltinGreece.Whattododuringanearthquake？AtschoolAssoonastheearthquakestarts，studentsshouldgetunderthedesksimmediatelyandwaituntiltheteachertellsthemitissafetocomeout.Theteachershould，atthesametime，goimmediatelytotheteacher’sdesk，getunderneath（在……下面）itandstaytheretillthedangerisover.Studentsmustnotarguewiththeteacherorquestioninstructions.Assoonasthetremors（震动）stop，allstudentsshouldwalktowardstheexitandgostraighttotheschoolplaygroundoranyopenspacesuchasasquareorapark.Theymustwaitthereuntiltheteachertellsthemitissafetogo.AthomeIfyouareathomewhentheearthquakeoccurs，getimmediatelyunderthetableinthelivingroomorkitchen.Choosethebiggestandstrongesttableyoucanfind.Youmustnotgoanywherenearthewindowanddon’tgooutontothebalcony（阳台）。Oncethetremorshavestopped，youcancomeoutfromunderthetablebutyoumustleavethebuildingstraightaway.Youshouldwalkdownthestairsandshouldnotusethelift-theremaybeapowercutasaresultoftheearthquakeandyoucouldfindyourselftrappedinsidetheliftforhours.InthestreetIfyouareinthestreetwhentheearthquaketakesplace，donotstandnearbuildings，fencesorwalls——moveawayasquicklyaspossiblearidtrytofindalargeopenspacetowaitin.Standingundertreescouldalsobedangerous.16PeopleknewlongagohowanearthquakestartsA.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned17ThousandsofpeoplewerekilledduringanearthquakeinTurkey.A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned18Assoonasanearthquakeoccurs，studentsshouldleavethebuildingA.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned19Studentsshouldgototheschoolplaygroundoranopenspaceoncethetremorsstop.A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned20Ifyouareathomewhenanearthquakeoccurs，standnearabigtableA.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned21ThebestwaytoleavethebuildingduringanearthquakeistogetintoaliftA.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned22Ifyouareinthestreetwhenanearthquakeoccurs，stayinalargeopenspaceA.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned第3部分：概括大意与完毕句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23～26题规定从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段1选择个最佳标题；（2）第27～30题规定从所给的6个选项中为每个句子拟定1个最佳选项。TheScienceofSport1Atthe2023OlympicGamesinAthens，theChineseathleteLiuXiangequaledtheworldrecordforthe110metreshurdles（跨栏）whenherantheracein12.91seconds.Thisrecordtimehadbeensetin1993byBritishsprinter（短跑运动员）ColinJacksonand9yearswentbybeforeanotherathletewasabletorunasfast.2Record-breakinginalltrackeventsisslowingdownandweappeartobemovingmuchclosertothelimitsofhumanperformance.Nevertheless，everyfouryears，recordswhichwerepreviouslythoughttobeunbeatablearebroken.Sowhat’sbehindthisnever-endingimprovementinperformance？Andhowlongcanwekeepbreakingrecords？Istherealimittohumanperformanceorwillathletescontinuetogainseconds？3Mostexpertsagreethatitisn’ttheathletes’bodieswhichhavechangedbutthehugeadvancesinsportsciencewhichhaveenabledthemtoimprovetheirperformances.Theindividualathleteobviouslyhastohavethenecessaryskillanddeterminationtosucceed，butthehelpofscienceandtechnologycanbesignificant.Researchhasbroughtabetterunderstandingoftheathlete’sbodyandmindbuttheadvancesinsportsequipmenttechnologyhavealsohadanimportantimpactonhumanperformance.4Scientistshaveshownthatanathlete’sbody’sneedsvaryaccordingtothetypeofsport.Thisresearchhashelpedtopsportspeopletoadapttheirtrainingprogrammeanddietbettertotheirparticularneeds.Runningthemarathonandcycling，forexample，areendurance（耐力）sportsandrequireadifferentparathion（硝苯硫磷脂）tothatofa100-metresprinter.Insomesports，changesintechniqueshavesignificantlyimprovedperformance.5Butinanysport，aplayer’ssuccessorfailureresultsfromacombinationofbothphysicalandmentalabilities.Mostcoachesusepsychologicaltechniquestohelptheirathletescopewithstressandconcentrateontheirperformance.Forexample，theEnglishfootballteamlistenstomusicinthechangingroomsbeforeagametohelptheplayersrelaxandnotfeelsonervous.Beforeadifficultmatch，tennisplayersareencouragedtousevisualization（相象）techniquestobuildconfidenceandthisisalmostasgoodaspractice.6Butasscience，beginstodominatesport，areweindangeroflosingsightoftheheartofthecompetition，thesportingchallenge？What’smore，arealltheseadvantagesfair？23Paragraph2.24Paragraph3.25Paragraph4.26Paragraph5.A.Sciencemaybetooimportanttoday.

B.Sportsequipmenthasbeenimprovedalot.

C.Athletesarestillbreakingrecords.

D.Sportsciencehelpsimproveathletes’performances.

E.Mentaltrainingisasimportantasphysicaltraining.

F.Differentsportsrequiredifferenttrainingprograms.27Itismoredifficultfortoday’sathletes.28Wedon’tknowifthereisalimit.29Researchhashelpedcoaches.30Scientificadvancesaresuspected.A.tobreakrecords

B.tobetterunderstandtheathlete’sbodyandmind

C.totimeandspace

D.tobereplacingthesportingchallenge

E.tohumanperformance

F.toavoidpsychologicaltechniques第4部分：阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）下面有3篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题定1个最佳选项。RecyclingAroundtheWorldRecyclingisoneofthebestenvironmentalsuccessstoriesofthelate20thcentury.Butwecoulddomore.Peoplemustnotseerecycling.asfashionable，butessential.TheJapaneseareverygoodatrecyclingbecausetheyliveinacrowdedcountry.Theydonothavemuchspace.Theydonotwanttosharetheirlimitedspacewithrubbish.Butevenso，Tokyoareaaloneisestimatedtohavethreemilliontonsofleftoverrubbishatpresent.In1996，theUnitedStatesrecycledandcomposted（制成肥料）57milliontonsofwaste（27%ofthenation’ssolidwaste）。Thisis57milliontonsofwastewhichdidnotgointolandfillsandincinerators（焚化炉）。Indoingthis，7，000rubbishcollectionprogrammesandrecyclingcentreshelpedtheauthorities.InRockford，acityinIllinois，US，itsofficialschooseonehouseeachweekandcheckitsgarbage（废物）。Ifthegarbagedoesnotcontainanynewspapersoraluminium（铝）cans，thentheresidentofthehousegetsaprizeofatleast$1，000.InJapan，certaincitiesgivechildrenweeklysuppliesoftissuepaperandtoiletpaperinexchangeforaweeklycollectionofnewspapers.InoneyearBritainrecycles：·1outofevery3newspapers.·1outofevery4glassbottlesandjars（罐子）。·1outofevery4itemsofclothing.·1outofevery3aluminiumdrinkcans.In1999，HongKongtransported1.3milliontonsofwastetomainlandChinaforrecycling.Around535，000tonsofwastewererecycledinHongKongitself.Overhalfthethingswethrowawaycouldberecycled.Thatmeanswecouldrecycle10timesasmuchaswedonow.However，recyclingneedsalotoforganisationandspecialequipment.Also，thereisnotmuchuseforsomerecycledmaterial.31WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueoftheJapanese？A.Theyliveinacrowdedcountry.

B.Theyhaverecycledalltheirwaste.

C.Theyareverygoodatrecycling.

D.Theyhavetosharetheirlimitedspacewithrubbish32HowmuchwastedidtheUSrecyclein1996？A.1.3milliontons.

B.27milliontons.

C.57milliontons.

D.53milliontons.33Wherecanpeoplegetabigprizeforcontributingtorecycling？A.Rockford.

B.Tokyo.

C.HongKong.

D.London.34InJapan，thenewspaperscollectedbychildrenA.aregiventopoorpeople.

B.areusedasreadingmaterials.

C.areusedasprizes.

D.arerecycled.35WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofBritain？A.Itrecycles1outofevery3newspaperseachyear.

B.Itrecycles1outofevery4glassbottlesandjarseachyear

C.Itrecycles1outofevery3aluminiumcanseachyear.

D.Itrecycles1outofevery4itemsofclothingeachyear.第二篇WalkingRobotCarriesaPersonThefirstwalkingrobotcapableofcarryingapersonunveiledonFridayinTokyo，Japan.ItscreatorsatWasedaUniversityinTokyoandtheJapaneseroboticscompanyTmsukhopetheirtwo-leggedcreationwillonedayenablewheel-chairuserstoclimbupanddownthestairsandassistthemovementofheavygoodsoverunevenground.Thebattery-poweredrobot，code-namedWL-16，isessentiallyanaluminiumchairmountedontwosetsoftelescopicpoles.Thepolesareboltedtoflatplateswhichactasfeet.WL-16uses12actuators（传动装置）tomoveforwards，backwardsandsidewayswhilecarryinganadultweighingupto60kilograms（130pounds）。Therobotcanadjustitsbodyandwalksmoothlyevenifthepersonitiscarryingshiftsinthechair.Atpresentitcanonlystepupordownafewmillimeters，butthe，teamplanstomakeitcapableofdealingwithanormalflightofstairs.Ibelievethisbipedal（两足的）robot，whichIprefertocallatwo-leggedwalkingchairratherthanawheel-chair，willeventuallyenablepeopletogoupanddownthestairs，“saidAtsuoTakanishi，fromWasedaUniversity.“Wehavehadstrongrobotsforsometimebutusuallytheyhavebeenmanipulators，theyhavenotbeengearedtocarryingpeoplearound，”saysRonArkin，attheGeorgiaInstituteofTechnologyandroboticsconsultantforSony.“ButIdon’tknowhowsafeandhowuser-friendlyWL-16is.”TmsukchiefexecutiveYoichiTakamotoarguesthatbipedalormulti-leggedrobotswillbemoreusefulthanso-called“caterpillar（毛毛虫）models”formovingoverunevenground.WL-16’snormalwalkingstepmeasures30centimetres，butitcanstretchitslegsto136cmapart.Theprototype（原型）iscurrentlyradio-controlled，buttheresearchteamplanstoequipitwithastick-likecontrollerfortheuserinfuture.Takanishisaiditwilltake“atleasttwoyears”todeveloptheWL-16prototypeintoaworkingmodel.Smaller，ground-hugging（紧贴地面行走的）robotshavebeendevelopedtopassacrosstrickyground.Onemaggot-like（像蛆同样的）deviceusesamagneticfluidtopulseitswayalong，whileanothersnake-likerobotusessmartsoftwaretodevisenewmovementstrategiesifthelandscapeaffectsanyonepart.Oneball-shapedrobotevenusesaleap-and-bounceapproachtotraveloverroughterritory.Butnoneofthesearebigorstrongenoughtocarryapersontoo.36TherobotpresentedtothepubliconFridayinTokyo，JapanA.surprisedvisitorsfromWasedaUniversity.

B.canmoveupto60kilometresperhour.

C.cantransportheavygoodsoverunevenground

D.hastwolegsandisabletocarryaperson.37TheresearchersplantomakeWL-16capableofA.movingupanddownthestairseasily.

B.turningitsheadeasily.

C.usingatelescopetofindtheway.

D.carryingapersonofover60kilograms.38WhatdoesRonArkinthinkofWL-16？A.Hedoesn’tthinkitisuseful.

B.Hethinksitisonlyamanipulator.

C.Hethinksitisuser-friendly.

D.Heisunsureofitssafety.39WhichofthefollowingistrueofWL-16？A.Itcanonlymoveforwardsandbackwards.

B.Itisacaterpillarmodel.

C.Itcanwalkwithastepofupto136cm.

D.Itisequippedwithastick-likecontroller.40WhichtypeofrobotisNOImentionedinthelastparagraph？A.Maggot-likerobots.

B.Snake-likerobots.

C.Ball-shapedrobots.

D.Chair-shapedrobots.第三篇IstheTieaNecessity？Ties，orneckties，havebeenasymbolofpolitenessandeleganceinBritainforcenturies.ButthecasualPrimeMinisterTonyBlairhasproblemswiththem.Reportssuggestthateventhecivilservantsmaystopwearingties.So，arethefamouslyformalBritishreallygoingtoabandontheneckties？Maybe.Lastweek，theUK’sCabinetSecretaryAndrewTurnbullopenlywelcomedatielessera.Fiehintedthatcivilservantswouldsoonbefreeofthecostliest12inchesoffabricthatmostmeneverbuyintheirlives.Infact，Blairshowedthisattitudewhenhehadhisfirstgueststoacocktailparty.Manyofthemwerecelebrities（知名人士）withoutties，whichwouldhavebeenunimaginableevenintherecentpast.ForsomemoreconservativeBritish，thetieisamustforproperappearance.Earlier，LaborleaderJimCallaghansaidhewouldhavediedratherthanhavehischildrenseeninpublicwithoutatie.ForpeoplelikeCallaghan，thetiewasasignofbeingcomplete，ofshowingrespect.Menweresupposedtowearatiewhengoingtochurch，toworkintheoffice，toaparty-almosteverysocialoccasion.Buttoday，peoplehavebeguntoacceptacasualstyleevenforformaloccasions.Theoriginofthetieistricky.Itstartedassomethingcalledsimplya“band”。Thetermcouldmeananythingaroundaman’sneck.Itappearedinfinerwaysinthe1630s.Frenchmenshowedaloveofthisparticularfashionstatement.Theirneckwear（颈饰）impressedCharlesII，thekingofEnglandwhowasexiled（流放）toFranceatthattime.WhenhereturnedtoEnglandin1660，hebroughtthisnewfashionitemalongwithhim.Itwasn’t，however，untilthelate18thcenturythatfancyyoungmenintroducedamorecolorful，flowingpieceofcloththateventuallybecameknownasthetie.Then，clubs，militaryinstitutionsandschoolsbegantousecoloredaridpatternedtiestoindicatethewearer’smembershipinthelate19thcentury.Afterthat，thetiebecameanecessaryitemofclothingforBritishgentlemen.Butnow，evengentlemenaregettingtiredofties.Anyway，thedayfeelsabiteasierwhenyouwakeupwithouthavingtodecidewhichtiesuitsyouandyourmood.41ThetiesymbolizesalloftilefollowingexceptA.respect.

B.elegance.

C.democracy.

D.politeness.42WhydoesBlairsometimesshowupinaformaleventwithoutatie？A.Becausehewantstomakeashow.

B.Becausehewantstoattractattention.

C.Becausehewantstoliveinacasualway.

D.Becausetiesarecostly.43WhichofthefollowingisNOTasocialoccasion？A.Goingtochurch.

B.Goingtoworkintheoffice.

C.Goingtoaparty.

D.Stayingathome.44WhobroughttheFrenchmen’sneckweartoBritain？A.Charlesii.

B.TonyBlair.

C.JimCallaghan.

D.AndrewTurnbull.45WhendidBritishgentlemenbegintoweartiesregularly？A.Inthe1630s.

B.Afterthelate19thcentury.

C.In1660.

D.Inthelate18thcentury.第5部分：补全短文（第46～50题，每题2分，共10分）下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。FemaleBullfightingItwasaunique，eye-catchingsight：anattractivewomaninashinybullfighter’ssuit，swordinhand，facingthesharphornsofablack，500-kilogrambeast.MostpeoplethoughtthedaysoffemalebullfightingwereoverinSpain（46）Thefirstwomanfighter，CristinaSanchez，quitin1999becauseofmalediscrimination（歧视），ButVegaisdeterminedtobreakintowhatcouldbeSpain’smostresistantmalefield（47）Spanishwomenhaveconqueredalmostallmaleprofessions.

（48）“Thebulldoesnotaskforyouridentitycard，”shesaidinaninterviewafewyearsago.Sheinsistedthatshebejudgedforherskillsratherthanherfemaleness.Vegabecameamatador（斗牛士）in1997inthesouthwesterncityofCaceres.

（49）SheenteredabullfightingschoolinMalagaatagenineandperformedherfirstmajorbullfightatage14.ShehasfacedasmuchoppositionasSanchezdid.Andthe“difficultieshavemadehergrowintoaverystrongbullfighter，”herbrotherJorgesays.The1.68-metretallandsomewhatshyVegasaysherloveofbullfightingdoesnotmakeheranylessofawoman.（50）A.Herfatherwasanaspiring（有雄心壮志的）bullfighter.

B.Butmanybullfightingprofessionalscontinuetoinsistthatwomendonothavewhatittakestoperformthecountry’s“nationalshow”。

C.“I’mawomanfromheadtotoeandproudofit，”sheoncesaid

D.Shelookslikeamalebullfighter

E.Butrecently，29-year-oldMarlPazVegabecamethesecondwomaninSpanishhistorytofightagainstthoseheavyanimals

F.SheintendstobecomeevenbetterthanSanchezwas.第6部分：完形填空（第51～65题，每题1分，共15分）下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白拟定1个最佳选项。High-TechWarfare（战争）Today，high-techwarfareisnolongeranabstractconcept，butarealissue.Technology

（51）tactics，sociology，andthedevelopmentofweaponry（武器）。Italsocausesthechangesinbattles.Thenwhatarethene（52）bytheapplicationofhightechnologies？High4echwarfarenaturallyincludeshightechnology.Inmodernbattles，asinglekindofweaponcanhardlybe

（53）。Variousweaponry，suchasintelligencedetectionandinformationprocessing，should

（54）wellwitheachother.Aerial（航空的）weaponrybecomesthemainforceinbattlesinthesky.Precisionhoming（精确自导）weaponrylikecruisemissilesandmissiles

（55）satellitehomingsystemsbecomesthemainattackweapons.Battlecontrolsystemsplayadominantrole.Variousweaponsandlogistics（后勤）systemsare

（56）intoacomprehensiveframework，centrallyrepresentingthemodernhigh4echweaponry.Dependingonvarious

（57）equipmentandmeansinelectronicwarfare，ourar