医学英语词汇王娟简课件

Medical

Vocabulary

TeachingOfficeofFundamentalNursingWangJuanconstructionEnglishMedicalTerminologyprofessionalliteraturereadingWritingforAbstractofMedicalThesis

ISPNandRelatedIssuesNursingProcessHealthAssessmentCommunityHealthNursingNursingCareoftheOldestOldPromotingCopinginHospitalizedChildrenMidwiferyandPerinatalCarePrinciplesandMethodsofTraditionalChineseMedicineinNursing教学内容医学英语语词的来源医学英语词汇特点

医学词根、前缀、后缀词源古英语：数量极少，只是最基本的人体解剖术语和与人体基本生理功能和疾患相关术语。有些单词意义基本没有变化：blood;bone;eye;mouth;hand…拼写、读音、意义都发生变化：

chestbreast词源希腊语：

借自希腊语的前缀：peri-(周围，围绕，靠近)；auto-(自己，独自)借自希腊语的词根：append(o)-(阑尾)；mast(o)-(乳腺，乳房)借自希腊语的单词：colon-(结肠)；coma-(昏迷)词源阿拉伯语：syrup…

法语：hospital;benigh…德语：aspirin;gene…意大利语：influenza;malaria…西班牙语：mosquito;quinine…词源中医术语：

yin(阴)；yang(阳)；jing(精)；qi(气)tuina(推拿)；acupuncturepoint(穴位)医学英语词汇主要特点1、医学英语借用普通英语部分词汇2、部分医学词汇中英之间音或形相近3、大量医学英语词汇包含词根、词缀4、医学英语词汇中存在大量缩略词5、一个意义常有多个表达2、部分医学词汇中英之间音或形相近音近：

penicillin:盘尼西林

GuaSha:刮痧形近：milktooth:乳齿

chickenbreast:鸡胸3、大量医学英语词汇包含词根、词缀Electrocardiogram：心电图Autotransplantation:自体移植4、医学英语词汇中存在大量缩略词字母缩略词：取自短语:BP=BloodPressure

SARS=SevereAcuteRespiratorySyndrome取自单词：ECG=electrocardiogram截短词：cardiogram=electrocardiogram

医学英语词汇结构医学词素(morpheme)：医学词根(root)

医学词缀(affix:prefix,suffix)医学英语词汇结构词根：可以在不同的单词里出现，但它的基本形式和含义相同erythr(o)-1、自由词根：abdomen2、黏着词根：vas(o)-医学英语词汇结构前缀（prefix）：置于词根前对词根的含义加以补充与限定的词素1、指事物基本状况的前缀：a-,dys-,hyper-…2、指时间、方位或位置的前缀：

ex-,in-,peri-,sub-,trans-…3、指相互关系的前缀：auto-,idio-,homo-…4、指数字的前缀：uni-,bi-,tri-,cent-…医学英语词汇结构简单后缀：形容词后缀：-ar,-ic,-itic…动词后缀：-ize,-ate,-fy…名词后缀：-oma,-ia,-itis…副词后缀：-ad,-ward,-wise…医学英语词汇结构复合性后缀：由部分词根和简单后缀结合而成-graphy=-graph+y:processofrecording-logy=-log+y:study,science-uria=-ur+ia:urinecondition连接元音字母：在两个词素之间常会被添加进一个连接元音字母，以使人们在连读这两个词素时，在语音上顺口流畅。连接元音字母大多出现在两个词素相连而后一个词素的起始字母发辅音的情况下，尤其是在前一个词素的末尾字母发辅音而后一个词素的起始字母也发辅音的情况下。-o-:therm（温）+meter（测量器）：thermometer-i-：insect（虫）+cide（杀）：insecticide-a-：pent（五）+gon（角）：pentagon-e-：liqu（液）+fy（…化）：liquefy-u-：cent（百）+ple（倍）：centuple连接元音字母的标注：一个词素在后连另一词素时需要添加的连接元音字母是特定的。my-,myo-:肌ost-,osto-:骨dent-,denti-,dento-:牙ant-,anti-:对立，反抗，制止医学英语常用词根及构词

呼吸系统（Therespiratorysystem)Thisincludesthelungsandthepassagesleadingtoandfromthem.Thepurposeofthissystemistotakeinair,andfromitextractoxygenwhichisthendissolvedintothebloodandconveyedtoallthetissues.Awasteproductofthecells,carbondioxide,istakenbythebloodtothelungs,whenceitisexpelledtotheoutsideair.Therespiratorysystem

1、呼吸breath词根：-pnea,pneum(o)-,pneumat(o)-,-spir(o)例词：orthopnea端坐呼吸；pneumothorax气胸；Pneumoperitoneum气腹；expiration呼气2、鼻nose词根：nas(o)-,rhin(o)-例词：nasopharynx鼻咽；rhinitis鼻炎

3、喉throat词根：laryng(o)-例词：laryngitis喉炎；laryngospasm喉痉挛4、气管windpipe词根：trache(o)-例词：tracheotomy气管切开术；tracheal气管的Therespiratorysystem5、支气管bronchi词根：bronch(o)-例词：bronchiectasis支气管扩张；bronchitis支气管炎6、细支气管bronchiole词根：bronchiol(o)-例词：bronchiolitis细支气管炎；

bronchiole细支气管Therespiratorysystem7、肺lung：词根：pneumon(o)-,pulmo(n)(o)-例词：pneumonia肺炎；pulmonary肺的8、胸chest：词根：thorac(o)-例词：thoracentesis胸腔穿刺术；TherespiratorysystemPracticeRespiratorydistresssyndromePneumoniaLungventilationMetaboliccompensationdyspnea呼吸窘迫综合征肺炎肺通气代谢代偿呼吸困难DiagnostictermsInspection：视诊Auscultation：听诊Percussion：叩诊Palpation：触诊AbbreviationsARDSBronchCOPDCPRCXRDPTAbbreviationsARDS:Adult(oracute)respiratorydistresssyndromeCOPD:ChronicobstructivepulmonarydiseaseCPR:CardiopulmonaryresuscitationCXR:ChestX-rayDPT:diphtheria,pertussis,tetanusThecirculatorysystemTheheart,bloodvessels,lymphvesselsandlymphnodesallmakeupthesystemwherebybloodispumpedtoallthebodytissues,bringingwithitfood,oxygenandothersubstances,andcarryingawaywastematerials.Thecirculatorysystem1、心heart：词根：cardi(o)-例词：electrocardiogram心电图；cardiomyopathy心肌病2、心房auricle：词根：atri(o)-例词：atrial心房的；sinoatrial窦房的Thecirculatorysystem3、心室ventricle：词根：ventricul(o)-例词：ventricular心室的；interventricular室间的4、瓣膜valve：词根：valvul(o)-例词：valvular瓣膜的Thecirculatorysystem5、血管vessel：词根：vas(o)-,angi(o)-例词：vasculitis血管炎；

angiography血管造影6、动脉artery：词根：arteri(o)-例词：arteriography动脉造影；

arteritis动脉炎Thecirculatorysystem7、静脉vein：词根：ven(o)-,phleb(o)-例词：venous静脉的；phlebitis静脉炎8、主动脉aorta：词根：aort(o)-例词：aortitis主动脉炎；aortic主动脉的Thecirculatorysystem9、毛细血管capillary：词根：capillar(o)-例词：postcapillary后毛细血管；

10、脉搏pulse:词根：puls(o)-,sphygm(o)-例词：pulse脉搏；sphygmogram脉搏图PracticeAcutemyocardialinfarctionPrimarycoronarystentingAngioplastyProspectivestudyIntracoronarystent急性心肌梗死冠状动脉主支架术血管成形术前瞻性研究冠状动脉内支架AbbreviationsAFBPCathCCUCHDCHFCVPDVTECCHDLLDLAbbreviationsAF：atrialfibrillationBP:bloodpressureCath:catheterizationCCU:coronarycareunitCHD:coronaryheartdiseaseCHF:congestiveheartfailureAbbreviationsCVP:centralvenouspressureDVT:deepvenousthrombosisECC:extracorporealcirculationHDL:high-densitylipoproteinLDL:low-densitylipoproteinThedigestivesystemThissystemcomprisesallorganswhichhavetodowithtakinginfoodandconvertingtheusefulpartsofitintosubstancesthatthebodycellscanuse.Examplesoftheseorgansarethemouth,theteeth,andthealimentarytract.Thedigestivesystem1、咽throat：词根：pharyng(o)-例词：pharyngitis咽炎2、胃stomach：词根：gastr(o)-,stomach(o)-例词：gastritis胃炎；stomachache胃痛Thedigestivesystem3、肠intestine：词根：enter（o）-例词：enteritis肠炎；entercele肠膨出4、消化digestion：词根：peps(o)-,-gest(o)-例词：dyspepsia消化不良；digestion消化Thedigestivesystem5、胆囊gallbladder：词根：cholecyst(o)-例词：cholecystitis胆囊炎；6、肝liver:词根：hepat(o)-例词：hepatitis肝炎；hepatocyte肝细胞Thedigestivesystem7、阑尾appendix：词根：appendic(o)-例词：appendicular阑尾的；appendicitis阑尾炎PracticeHypoplasiaLefthepaticlobeGallbladder发育不全左肝叶胆囊Theurinarysystem

Thisisalsocalledtheexcretorysystem.Itsmaincomponentsarethekidneys,theureters,thebladderandtheurethra.Itspurposeistofilteroutandridofthebodyofcertainwasteproductstakenbythebloodfromthecells.

Theurinarysystem1、尿urine:词根：urin(o)-,ur(o)-例词：urine尿；hematuria血尿2、肾kidney：词根：ren(o)-,nephr(o)-例词：suprarenal肾上的；nephritis肾炎3、输尿管ureter:词根：ureter(o)-例词：ureteric输尿管的；

ureterocele输尿管膨出Theurinarysystem4、膀胱bladder词根：vesic(o)-,cyst(o)-例词：vesical膀胱的；cystitis膀胱炎5、尿道urethra:词根：urethr(o)-,meat(o)-例词：urethritis尿道炎；

Theurinarysystem6、睾丸testis:词根：test(o)-,testicul(o)-,orchid(o)-,orchid(o)-,didym(o)-例词：ovotestis卵睾体；

orchitis睾丸炎epididymis隐睾Theurinarysystem7、前列腺prostate：词根：prostat(o)-例词：prostatic前列腺的；prostatitis前列腺炎8、肾盂renalpelvis:词根：pelvi(o)-,pyel(o)-例词：pyelonephritis肾盂肾炎PracticeTransitionalcellcarcinomaChronicrenalfailureHemodialysisInvasivebladdercancerRenalpelvictumor移行细胞癌慢性肾衰血透侵袭性膀胱癌肾盂肿瘤AbbreviationsADHARFCRFIVPUAUTIcystoAbbreviationsADH:antidiuretichormoneARF:acuterenalfailureCRF:chronicrenalfailureIVP:intravenouspyelogramUA:urinalysisUTI:urinarytractinfectioncysto:cystoscopicexaminationTheendocrinesystemAfewscatteredorgansknowasendocrineglandsproducespecialsubstancescalledhormones,whichregulatessuchbodyfunctionsasgrowth,foodutilizationwithinthecells,andreproduction.Examplesofendocrineglandsarethethyroidandthepituitaryglands.Theendocrinesystem1、分泌secretion：词根：crin(o)-,secret(o)-例词：endocrine内分泌；secretive分泌的2、腺gland:词根：aden(o)-例词：adenoma腺瘤；adenocarcinoma腺癌3、下丘脑hypothalamus：词根：hypothalam(o)-例词：hypothalamus下丘脑；hypothalamic下丘脑的Theendocrinesystem4、垂体pituitary：词根：pitui-,hypophys-例词：pituitary垂体；hypophyseal垂体的5、松果体的pineal：词根：pineal(o)-例词：parapineal松果体旁的；pinealoma松果体瘤6、甲状腺thyroid：词根：thyr(o)-例词：thyroiditis甲状腺炎；thyroxine甲状腺素Theendocrinesystem7、性腺gonad：词根：gonad(o)-例词：gonadal性腺的8、钙calcium：词根：calc(i)-例词：calcification钙化9、皮质cortex：词根：cortic(o)-例词：corticosterone皮质酮；corticosteroid皮质类固醇Theendocrinesystem10、胸腺thymus：词根：thym(o)-例词：thymosin胸腺素；thymocyte胸腺细胞11、葡萄糖glucose：词根：gluc(o)-例词：glucocorticoids糖皮质激素PracticePerturbationCortisolEstrogenGrowthhormonethyroid紊乱皮质醇雌激素生长激素甲状腺的AbbreviationsBMRGTTHGHFBSTFTAbbreviationsBMR:basalmetabolicrateGTT:glucosetolerancetestHGH:humangrowthhormoneFBS:fastingbloodsugarTFT:thyroidfunctiontestThenervoussystemThebrain,thespinalcordandthenervesallmakeupthisverycomplexsystembywhichallpartsofthebodyarecontrolledandcoordinated.Theorgansofspecialsense,sometimesclassedasaseparatesensorysystem,togetherwiththesenseoftouch,receivestimulifromtheoutsideworld,whicharethenconvertedintoimpulsesthataretransmittedtothebrain.Thebraindeterminestoagreatextentthebody’sresponsestomessagesfromwithoutandwithin,andinitoccursuchhigherfunctionsasmemoryandreasoning.1、脑brain：词根：encephal(o)-例词：encephalitis脑炎；encephalomyelitis脑脊髓炎2、大脑cerebrum：词根：cerebr(o)-例词：cerebrovascular脑血管的Thenervoussystem3、小脑cerebellum：词根：cerebell(o)-例词：cerebrocerebellum皮层小脑；4、丘脑thalamus：词根：thalam(o)-例词：epithalamus上丘脑；subthalamus底丘脑5、髓质marrow：词根：medull(o)-例词：medullary髓质的ThenervoussystemThenervoussystem6、脑膜、脊膜membrane：词根：mening(o)-例词：meningitis脑膜炎；meningocele脊膜膨出7、脑室ventricle：词根：ventricul(o)-例词：intraventricular脑室内的Thenervoussystem8、脊柱spine：词根：spin(o)-例词：spinal脊柱的；cerebrospinal脑脊的9、运动motor：词根：-kinesia例词：bradykinesia运动迟缓；hyperkinesia运动过多10、轴、轴突axon：词根：ax(o)-例词：axonopathy轴突病；axplasm轴质Thenervoussystem13、迷走vagus：词根：vag(o)-例词：vagal迷走的；14、精神、意志mind：词根：psych(o)-例词：psychotic精神的；psychiatry精神病学15、神经nerve：词根：neur(o)-例词：neuroscience神经科学；neurology神经病学Thenervoussystem16、皮质cortex：词根：cortic(o)-例词：corticosteroid皮质类固醇；cortical皮质的17、蛛网膜arachnoid：词根：arachn(o)-例词：subarachnoid蛛网膜下；arachnoiditis蛛网膜炎18、锥体pyramid：词根：pyramid(o)-例词：pyramidal锥体的；extrapyramidal锥体外的Thenervoussystem22、交感神经sympatheticnerve：词根：sympath(o)-例词：sympathoblast交感神经细胞23、观念，理想idea:词根：ide(o)-例词：ideal观念的；idealism理想主义PracticeEncephalitisSignalintensityUpperponsBrainstemMagneticresonance脑炎信号强度上桥脑脑干磁共振AbbreviationsCSFCNSCVAEEGICPLPAbbreviationsCSF:cerebrospinalfluidCNS:centralnervoussystemCVA:cerebrovascularaccidentEEG:electroencephalogramICP:intracranialpressureLP:lumbarpunctureTheintegumentarysystemTheword“integument”means“skin”.Theskinisconsideredbysomeauthoritiestobeaseparatebodysystem.Itincludesthehair,nails,sweatandoilgland,andotherrelatedstructures.1、眼eye:词根：ocul(o)-;ophthalm(o)-例词：oculomotor动眼的；ophthalmitis眼炎2、睑eyelid：词根：blephar(o)-例词：blepharitis睑缘炎；blepharospasm眼睑痉挛3、睫eyelash：词根：cycl(o)-例词：cyclodiathermy睫状体透热术Theintegumentarysystem

SenseorgansTheintegumentarysystem5、角膜cornea：词根：corne(o)-;kerat(o)-例词：corneal角膜的；keratitis角膜炎6、结膜conjunctiva:词根：conjunctiv(o)-例词：conjunctivitis结膜炎；conjunctival结膜的Theintegumentarysystem7、虹膜iris：词根：irid(o)-例词：iridectomy虹膜切除术8、巩膜sclera：词根：scler(o)-例词：scleritis巩膜炎Theintegumentarysystem9、视网膜retina：词根：retin(o)-例词：retinitis视网膜炎10、皮肤skin：词根：cut(i)-;derm(o)-;dermat(o)-例词：subcutaneous皮下的；dermatitis皮炎dermatosis皮肤病Theintegumentarysystem11、耳ear：词根：auri-;auricul(o)-;ot(o)-例词：auricula耳廓；auris耳；otosclerosis耳硬化15、感觉sensation:词根：sens(o)-;esthesi(o)-例词：sensory感觉的；paraesthesia感觉异常Theintegumentarysystem16、视觉、视力vision：词根：-opia例词：diplopia复视；myopia近视18、皮脂sebum：词根：seb(o)-例词：sebaceous皮脂的Theintegumentarysystem19、瞳孔pupil:词根：pupill(o)-例词：pupillometer瞳孔计；25、听觉、听力hearing：词根：audi(o)-;acou-例词：audiology听力学；acoustic听的

Theintegumentarysystem

Senseorgans26、嗅觉、嗅smell：词根：olfact(o)-;-osm(o)-例词：olfactory嗅觉的27、味觉taste：词根：gust(o)-;-geusi(o)-例词：gustation味觉PracticePupilIntracutaneousMyopiaRhinitisRetinaldetachment瞳孔皮内的近视鼻炎视网膜脱离AbbreviationsIOPODOSOUVAVFAbbreviationsIOP:intraocularpressureOD:righteyeOS:lefteyeOU:eacheye

VA:visualacuityVF:visualfieldTheskeletalandmuscularsystemThebasicframeworkofthebodyisasystemofover200boneswiththeirjoints.Collectivelyknowastheskeleton.Bodymovementsareduetotheactionofthemuscleswhichareattachedtothebones.Othertypesofmusclesarepresentinthewallsofsuchorgansastheintestineandtheheart.1、肌肉muscle：词根：muscul(o)-;my(o)-

例词：myoglobin肌红蛋白2、骨bone：词根：os-;osse(o)-;oste(o)例词：ossicles小骨；ossification成骨；osteoblast破骨细胞Theskeletalandmuscularsystem3、软骨cartilage：词根：chondr(o)-例词：synchondrosis软骨结合；chondroma软骨瘤6、韧带ligament：词根：ligament(o)-;syndesm(o)-例词：ligamentous韧带的Theskeletalandmuscularsystem7、骨骼skeleton：词根：skelet(o)-例词：skeletal骨骼的8、颅骨skull：词根：crani(o)-例词：craniofacial颅面的；craniometer颅骨量器Theskeletalandmuscularsystem9、盘disk：词根：disc(o)-例词：discitis关节盘炎10、骶骨sacrum：词根：sacr(o)-例词：sacroiliac骶髂的Theskeletalandmuscularsystem11、脊柱、棘spine,rachis：词根：spin(o)-例词：spinocerebellum脊髓小脑12、肋骨rib：词根：costa;cost(o)-例词：intercostals肋间的；costomediastinal肋纵隔的Theskeletalandmuscularsystem21、胸骨sternum：词根：stern(o)-例词：sternothyroid胸骨甲状软骨的

22、枢椎axis：词根：axi(o)-例词：axial轴的；axonal轴突的Theskeletalandmuscularsystem23、尾骨coccyx：词根：coccy(o)-例词：coccygeal尾的24、关节joint：词根：arthr(o)-例词：arthritis关节炎；arthrodesis关节固定术TheskeletalandmuscularsystemPracticeBonemarrowMuscleStemcellBoneregenerationfemur骨髓肌肉干细胞骨再生股骨AbbreviationsIMEMGRAROMSLEAbbreviationsIM:intramuscularEMG:electromyogramRA:rheumatoidarthritisROM:rangeofmotionThereproductivesystemThissystemincludestheexternalsexorgansandallrelatedinnerstructureswhichareconcernedwiththeproductionofnewindividuals.Thereproductivesystem1、生殖reproduction：词根：genit(o)-例词：genital生殖的；urogenital泌尿生殖的2、子宫womb:词根：uter(o)-,uter(in)(o)-,hyster(o)-,metr(o)-例词：uterine子宫的；hysteroscope子宫镜；perimetrium子宫外膜Thereproductivesystem3、女阴cunnus:词根：vulv(o)-例词：vulva外阴4、阴道vagina：词根：vagin(o)-,colp(o)-例词：vaginitis阴道炎；colposcope阴道镜Thereproductivesystem5、骨盆pelvis:词根：pelvi-例词：p