医学微生物学(第八版)绪论

TheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicine2008Harald

zur

Hausen,FrancoiseBarre-Sinoussi,LucMontagnierHPV感染上皮细胞宫颈癌生殖器疣HIV机会感染AIDS疖呕吐医学微生物学

MedicalMicrobiology

金志雄Dept.ofmedicalMicrobiologyE.mail:jzx880150@163.com

Introduction

绪论1.Microbiology微生物学Microorganism(Microbe)微生物TypeofMicroorganisms

微生物类型或分类MicrobiologyMedicalMicrobiology2.HistoryofMicrobiology(byyourself)WhatisMicroorganism？Micro-organisms.

areverysmalllivingthingsandaresometimescalledmicrobe.Microbesaresotinythattheycannotbeseenwiththenakedeye.Theycanonlybeseenusingamicroscope.Definition：一群体形细小、结构简单、肉眼看不见必须借助显微镜观察到的微小生物。Howmanydifferentmicrobescanyouname?一、Threetypesofmicrobes

Bacteria细菌Virus病毒Fungi真菌microbesNon-cellulartype非细胞型:

onlygrowandreproducewithinotherlivingthings-病毒。1.Types类型Prokaryotictype原核细胞型:Single-celledorganisms

Nonuclearmembraneormitoticapparatus,onlynuclearregioncanbeseen,whichcomposedofDNA-细菌、放线菌、衣原体、支原体、立克次体、螺旋体

Eukaryotictype

真核细胞型：

Intracellularmembrane-enclosedorganelles(细胞器)–真菌。

Streptococcus链球菌rickettsia

立克次体Spirochete螺旋体chlamydozoa

trachomatis(CT)Chlamydia衣原体Mycoplasma支原体infectionoffungicultureoffungi二、2.Microbedistribution:

广泛分布于自然界与人和动物体内二、MicroorganismsandHumanBeings

Beneficialactivities-有益

Harmfulactivities-有害

正常菌群（normalflora)

条件致病菌(conditionedpathegen)

病原微生物(diseasemicroorganism)EnvironmentMedicineFoodIndustryBiotechnologyResearchMicrobiology微生物学Microbiology

:thebiologyofmicroorganisms，includingtheevolution(进化),classification(分类),morphology(形态学),physiology(生理学),genetics(遗传学),ecology(生态学)ofmicrobes,andtheirinteractionwithhumanbeing,animalsorplantsaswellaswithnaturalenvironmentMedicalMicrobiology研究病原微生物的生物学特性、感染、免疫机制、诊断及防治等的一门学科。MedicalBacteriologyMedicalViriologyMedicalMycologyParasitologyImmunologyHistoryofMicrobiologyExperiencephase-经验时期Experimentalphase-实验时期Modernphase-现代时期.LeeuwenhoekLouisPasteurRoberKochBigpersoninmicrobiologyAntonvanLeeuwenhoek1674-1stpersontoactuallyseelivingmicroorganisms荷兰人吕文虎克（Leeuwenhoek）1632-1723巴斯德(1822-1895)巴氏消毒法传染病与微生物关系（鸡霍乱、炭疽病原）狂犬病疫苗、炭疽疫苗

LouisPasteur

科霍（1843-1910）创立细菌染色法创用固体培养基发现炭疽芽胞杆菌、结核分枝杆菌和霍乱弧菌1905年诺贝尔奖RobertKochDicoveryofAntibioticsAlexanderFleming(1881-1955)

AlexanderFlemingErnstBorisChainHowardWalterFloreyHowtostudymicrobiologyBasicconceptsofMicrobiology

2.BasicKnowledgeofMicrobiology3.BasictheoryofMicrobiology4.NewadvancedprogressinMicrobiologySummaryMicroorganismanditstypeSignificantcharacteristicsofcelltypesandnon-celltypemicrobesKoch’spostulatesLouisPas