新视界大学英语综合教程第三册unit 3 Active reading

WarmingupSkimmingDiggingCriticalthinkingLanguageinuseUnfamiliarwordsInterpretingTalkingpointVincentvanGoghWarmingup➊

Workinpairs.Check(✓)thethingswhichyouthinkareformsofart.☐architecture☐cinema☐classicalmusic☐cooking☐dancing☐fashiondesign☐martialarts☐novels☐painting☐poetry☐popularmusic☐sculpture

Nowaddsomemoreideastothelist.Warmingup➋

Workinpairsandanswerthequestions.1Whatexamplescanyouthinkofforeachartform?(Reference.)2Whatdogreatworksofarthaveincommon?3Whichisthegreatestofalltheartforms,andwhy?Theyrefreshthespirit.Theyhavebeauty.Theyexpresssomeaspectofbeinghumanmoreclearlyforus.•Musicexploresemotionsbeyondwordsandhasaworldwideappeal.•Poetryasaformofarthasmeaningaswellasbeauty.Warminguparchitecture:theTempleofHeaven,Beijingcinema:ChenKaige’s

YellowEarth(《黄土地》)classicmusic:

Mozart’s40thSymphony

(《莫扎特第四十交响曲》)cooking:amealatDaDongRoastDuckRestaurant(大董烤鸭店),Beijingdancing:aperformanceofSwanLakefashiondesign:ashowbyGiorgioArmani(乔治·阿玛尼)martialarts:adisplaybyJetLi(李连杰)novels:

TheDreamoftheRedChamberpainting:aRembrandt’s(伦勃朗)self-portraitpoetry:

QuYuan’sLiSaopopularmusic:

Teng

Lichun’s(邓丽君)Whenwillyoureturn?sculpture:Michelangelo’s(米开朗基罗)DavidBackWarmingupWatchavideocollectionofvanGogh’sworksandtrytolearnthesongStaryStaryNight.Lyrics:

Warmingup➊

Lookatthepaintingofsunflowersandanswerthequestions.1Inwhatperioddoyouthinkthiswaspainted?2Whichisthestrongestcolour?The1880s.Anorangeyellow.Warmingup3Whatdoyouthinkthepainterhopedtoexpresswiththispainting?4What(ifanything)doesthepaintingtellusaboutthepersonalityofthepainter?Itisclearlymorethantheappearanceoftheflowers.Ithinkhisemotionsaboutthemorperhapshisemotionsingeneralareexpressedintheformofsunflowers.(Asenseofwelcomeandhappiness.)Powerfulemotions,almostasortofpainaboutlife.(theintensityofhisfeelings.)Skimming

Browsethepassagewithin8minutestogetaroughideaaboutit.

Answerthequestions

ofActivity2and3onpage51.TaskSkimming➋

Answerthequestions.1WhattwofactsdomostpeoplerememberaboutvanGogh?

Hisuseofcolourandhismentalillness.2Whatdidhisearlypaintingsshow?

ThegloomylightofNorthernEurope.3HowdidtheImpressionistsinfluencehisstyle?

Hisstylebecamelighterandbrighter.4Whydidhepaintsomanypicturesofhimself?

Becausehecouldnotaffordtohiremodels.Skimming5WhydidhemovetothesouthofFrance?BecausehegrewdiscouragedwithhislifeinParis,andhewasdrawnbythesunshineofArles.6HowdidvanGoghandGauguingetonwitheachother?Theywereveryclosebuttheyhadseriousdisagreements.7WhydidvanGoghneedtospendtimeinamentalhospital?Fordepressionandbecausehewasworriedabouthearingvoices.

8WhatdoartloversthinkaboutvanGoghnow?Heproducedsomeofthegreatestpaintingstheworldhaseverknown,andgaveinspirationtosomanylaterartists.Skimming➌

Matchtheconditions1–5withthesymptoms(a)–(e).1epilepsy2sunstroke3leadpoisoning4schizophrenia5bipolardisorder(a)hearingvoicesinsideyourhead(b)seeingcirclesoflightaroundobjects(c)experiencingperiodsofintenseactivityfollowedbytiredness(d)feelingsickandaggressive(e)feelingtheneedtowritealotSkimmingAnswer:1-(e);2-(d);3-(b);4-(a);5-(c)VincentvanGogh译文Digging1BetweenNovemberof1881andJulyof1890,VincentvanGoghpaintedalmost900paintings,butneverachievedfame.Yetsincehisdeath,hehasbecomeoneofthemostcelebratedpaintersintheworld.

BackgroundinformationDigging2

ThetwomostimportantbutapparentlyindependentfeaturesaboutvanGoghwhichmostpeopleknowaboutarehisspectacular,almostexplosive,useofcolourandthepoorstateofhismentalhealth,whichbroughthislifetoasadend.译文Digging3

Yet,accordingtomedicalresearchsincevanGogh’sdeath,itnowseemsthatthesetwofeaturesmaybelinked,andthathismentalhealthmayhavecontributedtohisartisticstyle,notjustattheendofhislife,butatearliertimesaswell.译文Digging4VanGoghwasborninHollandin1853,andhisearlycareerworkingforaninternationalartdealertookhimtoLondon,ParisandBelgium.Whenhedecidedtobecomeapainterin1880withthesupportofhisbrotherTheo,hisearlyworkwas,notsurprisingly,filledwiththegloomylightofNorthernEurope.译文Digging5InParisvanGoghmetmanyoftheartistslaterknownasImpressionists,suchasDegas,Toulouse-Lautrec,PissarroandGauguin.Hisstylechangedundertheirinfluence,andbecamelighterandbrighter.Heusedsmallstrokesofprimarycolours(red,blueandyellow)andcomplementarycolours(purple,orangeandgreen).HewasalsosensitivetothemoreabstractstyleofGauguin’spaintings,whereshapesofobjectsarerepresentedbydistinctzonesofcolour.

译文Digging6Yetdespiteworkinginsuchanencouragingatmosphere,vanGoghcouldnotequalhisfriends’growingsuccess.Hewasunabletopayformodels,andsohepaintedalargenumberofself-portraits,whichmayindicatehispotentialforsoulsearching.

译文Digging7

VanGoghsoongrewdiscouragedwithhislifeinParis,andmovedtoArlesinthesouthofFrance,where,drawnbythesunshine,hehopedtoestablishanartists’community.Hefeltliberatedbythepeople,thebuildingsandthescenerythere,andpaintedthemwithvivid,passionatecoloursandacheerfulnesswhichwasnewtohimandhiscareer.HewaskeenforGauguintovisithim,andfinallypersuadedhimtomakethejourney.

译文DiggingThepaintingsofSunflowersandhishomewerepartlyintendedasawelcometoGauguin,partlyareflectionofhishappiness.ButbecauseoftheintensityofvanGogh’sfriendshipforhimandhostiledisagreementsabouttheirworkingmethods,GauguinleftArles.Atthisevent,vanGoghcutoffpartofhisownrightear.译文Digging8

VanGoghspentseveraldesperateperiodsinamentalhospitaloverthenexttwoyearsbecauseofhisdepressionandhisconcernthathehadheardvoices.Hisstylebecamemoreexperimental,withstrongerlinesandsharpercolours,alwaysdominatedbythegreenoftheolive

trees,theblueoftheskyandthespectacularyellowofthesun.Thiswastheperiodofhisgreatestoutputandsomesuccess,withthefamousTheStarryNightandotherpaintingsbeingwell-receivedbycriticsattheannualexhibitioninParis.译文Digging9Buttheseveryproductiveperiodswerematchedbymomentswhendespairprevailed,duringwhichhedoubtedhisabilitytocreateaworkofvalue.Inadelicatestateofmind,vanGoghreturnedtoafriendnearParisandcontinuedhiswork.In1890heshothimself,takingtwodaystodie.10Sowhatisthelinkbetweenhisloveofintensecolourandhisdestructivementalstate?译文Digging11Wenowknowmoreaboutmentalandphysicalillness,andtheireffects.VanGoghsufferedfromepilepsy,anillnesswhichleadstofits,andwhichmayhavebeencausedbyadefectinthebrainatbirth.Thiswasmadeworsebydrinkingabsinthe,apopularbutdangerousalcoholoftendrunkbyartistsatthetime.Hisdoctorprescribedadrugwhichcancausethepatienttoseeeverythinginyellowortoseeyellowspots.ThismayhavebeenwhyvanGoghlovedthecolour.Digging12

VanGoghexperiencedasurgeofactivity,afterwhichhebecametiredanddepressed.Wenowrecognizethesetobesymptomsofbipolardisorder.Healsousedlead-basedpaints,exposuretowhichcanleadtoleadpoisoning.Oneofthesymptomsofleadpoisoningisaswellingoftheretinasintheeyes,whichcancauseonetoseelightincirclesaroundobjects.WecanseethiseffectinpaintingssuchasTheStarryNight.

译文Digging13

Anotherconditionlinkedtoepilepsyandmanicbehaviouristhespontaneousneedtowritecontinuously.VanGoghwroteover800letterstohisbrother,Theo,whichmightbetheresultofthiscondition.译文Digging14VanGoghwantedhispaintingstoberealistic,soheworkedoutdoors.Someoftheepisodes

ofaggressivenessandfeelingsickmaybetheeffectsofsunstroke.译文Digging15Finally,hearingvoicesisawell-established

symptomofschizophrenia,aseriousmentalillnesswhichchangestherelationshipbetweenwhatyouthinkandreality.译文Digging16Wetalkaboutthegeniusnecessarytoproducegreatworksofart.InvanGogh’scase,hisgenius,especiallyinhisuseofcolour,maybeduetohismentalhealth.Asartlovers,weacknowledgethatvanGoghproducedsomeofthegreatestpaintingstheworldhaseverknown,andgaveinspirationtosomanylaterartists.Butweshouldnotoverlookthementaltorturehesufferedforhisart.■译文1.

…andsohepaintedalargenumberofself-portraits,whichmayindicatehispotentialforsoulsearching.

(Line3,Para6)Hisinterestinpaintinghisownfacemayindicatehisinterestinexamininghimselfandaskinghimselfquestionsabouthisvaluesandthemeaningofhislife.

soulsearching:askingoneselfquestionsaboutone’svaluesandthemeaningofone’slifeDifficultsentencesDifficultsentences2.

Hefeltliberatedbythepeople,thebuildingsandthescenerythere,andpaintedthemwithvivid,passionatecoloursandacheerfulnesswhichwasnewtohimandhiscareer.

(Line3,Para7)Hefeltanewfreedomfromthelifestyle,attitudesandsceneryheexperiencedthere.Hispicturesfromthattimewerebrighterincolourandhappierinmoodthananyhehadpaintedbefore.

Difficultsentences3.

ButbecauseoftheintensityofvanGogh’sfriendshipforhimandhostiledisagreementsabouttheirworkingmethods,GauguinleftArles.

(Line9,Para7)ThefriendshipwasalotstrongeronvanGogh’spartthanGauguin’sandthismadethelatterfeeluncomfortableaboutit.Thetwoarguedbitterlyaboutart(forexample,vanGoghbelievedinpaintingoutintheopen,whereasGauguinthoughtitbettertopaintfrommemory).Astheirrelationsgotworse,vanGoghpanickedthatGauguinwouldleavehim,approachedhimwitharazorbladeinhand,andlatercutoffhisownearwiththeblade.GauguindecidedhispresenceonlymadevanGogh’sbehaviourworseandheleftArleswhilehisdangerousfriendwasrecoveringinhospital.

Difficultsentences4.

Inadelicatestateofmind,vanGoghreturnedtoafriendnearParisandcontinuedhiswork.In1890heshothimself,takingtwodaystodie.

(Line4,Para9)delicatestateofmind:psychologicallyfragile;closetobreakdownDifficultsentences5.

VanGoghexperiencedasurgeofactivity,afterwhichhebecametiredanddepressed.

(Line1,Para12)asurgeofactivity:ofanyactivityhewasengagedinatthattime;forexample,hemightproducemanypaintings.Difficultsentences6.

Someoftheepisodesofaggressivenessandfeelingsickmaybetheeffectsofsunstroke.

(Line2,Para14)episodesofaggressiveness:forexample,theargumentswithandthreateningGauguinDifficultsentences7.Butweshouldnotoverlookthementaltorturehesufferedforhisart.

(Line7,Para16)AsweenjoyvanGogh’spaintings,weoughttorememberwhatpainandunhappinesshisworkcausedhim.explosive释义1a.(usubeforenoun)relatingtoorlikeanexplosion

爆炸式的例句Nuclearweaponsarenottheonlyexplosiveforcethreateningcivilization.核武器不是唯一的威胁人类文明的爆炸力量。翻译Words例句Unemploymentbecameanexplosiveissue.失业成了一个爆炸性的问题。翻译释义2a.

abletoexplode

会爆炸的Words例句Highlyexplosivegasisnaturallyfoundincoalmines.煤矿中天然存有高爆气体。翻译例句Theexplosivedevicewastimedtogooffattherushhour.爆炸装置被设定在高峰时间引爆。翻译explosive释义1n.

[C]asingleshortlineormarkmadewithapenorbrush

（钢笔或毛笔的）一笔，一画例句ThemostcomplexChinesecharactercontains64strokes.最复杂的汉字有64画。翻译Words例句翻译strokeFillingapsbyusingshort,upwardstrokesofthepencil.用铅笔向上短短地勾画几道来填充空白。释义2n.

[C]oneoftheseriesofsoundssomeclocksmaketomarkthehour,orthetimemarkedbythis

（某些钟表整点报时的）一敲，一响例句Thetelephonerangatthestrokeofsix.

钟敲六下，电话铃响了。翻译Words例句翻译Onthestrokeof12,fireworkssuddenlyexplodedintothenight.

12点的钟声刚敲响，焰火便在夜空中绽放。stroke释义1a.abstractartexpressestheartist’sideasorfeelingsratherthanshowingtheexactappearanceofpeopleorthings

（艺术）抽象派的例子翻译Words例句Abstractartisanacquiredtaste.翻译对抽象派艺术要有足够的了解才会欣赏。

...amodernabstractpainting一幅现代派抽象画。abstract释义2a.

abstractideasexistasthoughtsinthemind,andarenotrelatedtophysicalobjectsorrealeventsandactions

抽象的例句Thephotographsputahumanfaceonanabstractpoliticalevent.这些照片上的人物面孔使抽象的政治事件具体化。翻译Words例句Somepeoplesaybeautyitselfisabstract.有人说美是抽象的。翻译abstract释义1a.abletobeclearlyseen,heard,smelt,ortasted

清晰的；清楚的

例句Therewasadistinctsmellofburningcomingfromdownstairs.楼下飘来浓烈的焦糊味。翻译Words例句Asdawnbroke,theoutlineofabuildingbecamedistinctagainstthesky.天亮时建筑物的轮廓在天空的衬托下显得十分清晰。翻译distinct释义2

a.

separateanddifferentinawaythatisclear

有区别的；不同的例句Theywereclassifiedintotwodistinctgroups.他们被归入两种不同类型的群体。翻译Words例句Thecompany,asdistinctfromitsshareholders,shouldbeliableforanydebts.公司与其股东不同，负有偿还债务的责任。翻译真题Learninghowtouseacomputerandlearninghowtoprogramonearetwodistinctactivities.

(Jun.1998,CET-4,ReadingComprehension)distinct释义1vt.tomakesomeonefeellessconfidentorhopeful

使泄气；使灰心例句Tryingtoloseweightfastwillonlydiscourageyou.试图迅速减肥只会使你灰心丧气。翻译Words例句Itmaybedifficulttodoatfirst.Don'tletthisdiscourageyou.翻译万事开头难，别因此而灰心。discourage释义2vt.

totrytopreventsomethingfromhappening,especiallybecauseyoudonotapproveofitorthinkitisharmful（尤指因反对或认为有害而）阻止，制止例句Puttheplantinacoldroomtodiscouragegrowth.把这棵植物放到较冷的房间阻止其生长。翻译Words例句Wehopethebadweatherwon’tdiscouragepeoplefromcomingalong.我们希望坏天气不会阻止人们前来。翻译discourage释义1vt.

togivesomeonethefreedomtodowhattheywant,forexamplebytakingthemoutofasituationinwhichtheirbehaviouriscontrolled

解除对……的束缚；解脱例句翻译WordsInthe1930s,electricityliberatedfarmersfrommanyhardchores.20世纪30年代，电使农民从许多累活儿中解脱了出来。例句翻译Thesereformationmeasuresliberateallvillagersfrompoverty.这些改革措施把村民们从贫困中解脱了出来。liberate真题Anyinstitutionthat“liberates”studentsfromfairandformalexamsismisguided,ifnotignorant.

(Jan.1991,CET-4,ReadingComprehension)释义2

adj.

tomakeaplaceorthepeopleinitfreefromsoldierswhohavebeencontrollingit

解放例句翻译Words例句翻译Thoseoppressednationsarerisingtoliberatethemselves.那些受压迫的国家要站起来解放他们自己。Theyplannedtomarchonandliberatethecity.他们计划继续挺进，解放该城市。liberatescenery释义n.[U]naturalthingssuchastrees,hills,andlakesthatyoucanseeinaparticularplace

风景；景色；自然景观例句翻译WordsSwitzerlandhassomespectacularscenery.瑞士有一些壮观的自然景观。例句翻译ThetrainpassesbysomebreathtakingsceneryintheCanadianRockies.列车要经过加拿大境内落基山脉，可以看到一些令人惊叹的美景。释义a.

behavinginaveryunfriendlyorthreateningwaytowardssomeone

怀敌意的；不友善的例句翻译WordsShewasopenlyhostiletohim.她公然对他怀有敌意。例句翻译TheWesthasgraduallyrelaxeditshostileattitudetothisinfluentialcountry.西方对这个颇具影响力的国家的敌视态度已逐渐缓和。hostile释义1a.

veryworriedandangrybecauseyoudonotknowhowtodealwithanunpleasantsituation

绝望的例句翻译WordsTVstationsbroadcastanappealfromtheteenager'sdesperateparents.电视台播放了该少年绝望的父母的恳求。例句翻译Themissingman’sfamilyaregettingincreasinglydesperate.失踪者的家人越来越绝望。desperateIwouldneverhaveresortedtoacourtoflawifIhadn’tbeensodesperate.(Jun.2002,CET-4,VocabularyandStructure)

真题释义2

a.

(usubeforenoun)extremelysevereorserious

非常严重的例句翻译Words这所学校的一些地方急需维修。Partsofthisschoolareindesperateneedofrepair.例句翻译desperateTheRedCrosssaiditwasindesperateneedofblood.红十字会说非常需要血液。dominate释义1v.

tobethemostimportantfeatureofsomething

成为

（……的）最主要特征例句翻译WordsCasualwearhascometodominatetheclothingmarket.例句翻译这场皇室婚礼成为了本周新闻的主题。Theroyalmarriagehasdominatedthenewsthisweek.休闲装开始占据服装市场的主导地位。释义2例句翻译Words电影导演这一行业中，男性占主导地位。Moviedirectingisaprofessiondominatedbymen.Don’tallowthecomputertodominateyourchild’slife.例句翻译别让计算机主宰了你孩子的生活。v.

tocontrolsomethingorsomeone,ofteninanegativeway,becauseyouhavemorepowerorinfluence

支配；控制dominateoutput释义n.[C,U](ususing)theamountofsomethingthataperson,organization,systemetcproduces

产量；作品例句翻译Words人手不足已使我们厂的年产量减少。Shortageofhandshasshrunkourplant'syearlyoutput.Governmentstatisticsshowthelargestdropinindustrialoutputfortenyears.例句翻译政府统计数据显示这是10年来工业产量最大幅度的滑坡。It’sreportedthatbytheendofthismonththeoutputofcementinthefactorywillhaverisenbyabout10%.

(Jan.1996,CET-4,VocabularyandStructure)

真题well-received释义a.

gettingagoodreactionfrompeople

反应很好的；受到欢迎的例子翻译Words一本受欢迎的书awell-receivedbook例句翻译到目前为止我们的演出在各学校反应很好。Ourpresentationshavebeenwellreceivedbytheschoolssofar.释义1n.[C]someonewhosejobistowriteorbroadcasttheiropinionsaboutthingssuchasbooks,films,orplays（书、电影、戏剧等的）评论家，评论员Shestartedasafoodcriticforalocalpaper.她最初是为当地的一家报纸做美食评论员。Phrases例句翻译TheNewYorkcriticshadpraisedherperformance.

纽约的影评家们高度评价了她的表演。例句翻译critic释义2例句翻译他成了烟草业的强烈反对者。n.[C]someonewhodoesnotlikesomethingandstatestheiropinionaboutit批评者PhrasesHebecameafiercecriticofthetobaccoindustry.

例句翻译批评者指责她只在乎成功。Hercriticsaccusedherofcaringonlyaboutsuccess.critic释义1a.workinghardandproducingorachievingalot

富有成效的；成果丰硕的Phrases例句翻译Itwasaveryproductivemeeting.这次会议卓有成效。例句翻译Politenessisusuallymoreproductivethanconfrontation.彬彬有礼比针锋相对通常更能取得良好效果。productive释义2例句翻译化学肥料使土地更多产。Fertilizersmakethelandmoreproductive.a.

makingorgrowingthingsinlargequantities,especiallysothattheycanbesold

富饶的；多产的Phrases例句翻译Duringtheirmostproductiveperiod,bothmillswerecontrolledbytheMarlingfamily.在最高产的时期，两家磨坊都由马林家族控制。productiveAtonetime,Manchesterwasthehomeofthemostproductivecottonmillsintheworld.(Jan.1997,CET-4,VocabularyandStructure)

真题释义1例句翻译毫不奇怪，在这部影片中正义最终战胜了邪恶。prevailNotsurprisingly,goodprevailsoverevilinthisfilm.vi.(fml)tobethestrongestinfluenceorelementinasituation

占优势；占上风Phrases例句翻译Cold,drywindsfromSiberiaprevailoverthemainlandfromDecembertoFebruary.从12月到2月，西伯利亚来的干燥冷风控制大陆。释义2例句翻译公园里的人群之间弥漫着一种友好的气氛。Afriendlyatmosphereprevailedamongthecrowdsinthepark.vi.

(fml)toexistataparticulartimeorinaparticularsituation

存在；盛行；流行Phrases例句翻译Makeresolutiononnewyear'sdayisacustomthatstillprevail.

在新年这一天下决心是一个依然流行的习俗。prevail释义1例句翻译珊瑚虽然看上去坚固，实际上非常易碎。Althoughthecorallookshard,itisverydelicate.

a.somethingthatisdelicatecaneasilybedamagedorbroken娇弱的；易受损的；易碎的Phrases例句翻译Thedelicateblossomsresemblelace.娇嫩的花儿看起来像蕾丝花边。delicate真题Duringtheprocess,greatcarehastobetakentoprotectthedelicatesilkfromdamage.(Jun.2002,CET-4,VocabularyandStructure)释义2例句翻译这本敏感的书谨慎、简洁地讨论了收养这一微妙问题。Thissensitivebooktacklesthedelicateissueofadoptionwithcareandsimplicity.

a.

adelicatesituationneedstobedealtwithcarefullysothatpeopledonotgetupsetorannoyed（情况）微妙的，棘手的Phrases例句翻译ThereisaratherdelicatematterthatIneedtodiscusswithyou.有件相当棘手的事，我需要和你讨论一下。delicate释义例子翻译居民被地震的破坏力量吓怕了。destructiveResidentswerescaredbytheearthquake'sdestructiveforce.a.causingseveredamageorharm

破坏性的；毁灭性的Phrases例句翻译thedestructiveeffectofunemploymentonindividuals失业对个人的破坏性影响真题Neverbeforehadmenreleasedsomuchpoweratonetime,norhadanynationeverpossessedweaponasterribleanddestructiveastheatomicbomb.(Jun.1990,CET-4,ReadingComprehension)释义例句翻译他患有先天性听力缺损。defectHewasbornwithahearingdefect.

n.[C]afaultoralackofsomethingthatmeansthatsomethingisnotperfect缺陷；瑕疵Phrases例句翻译Allthecarsaretestedfordefectsbeforetheyleavethefactory.所有的汽车在出厂之前都要检查有无缺陷。释义例句翻译这种药是最常开来治疗咳嗽的。prescribeThisdrugisoneofthemostcommonlyprescribedforcough.vt.

(~sbsth)ifadoctorprescribesadrugortreatment,theysayyoushouldhaveit（医生）开（药），开（处方）Phrases例句翻译Patientsshoulddoasdoctorsprescribe.病人应该照医生的吩咐做。释义例句翻译乐观的经济报告发布之后股市在星期三出现暴涨。surgeStockssurgedWednesdayfollowingpositiveeconomicreports.n.

[sing]asuddenincreaseinsomethingsuchasprice,value,orinterest（价格、价值或兴趣）激增，陡增Phrases例句翻译Specialistsseevariousreasonsfortherecentsurgeininflation.专家们认为目前通货膨胀加剧有多种原因。释义例句翻译核废料对人们造成辐射的潜在风险exposurethepotentialexposureofpeopletonuclearwaste

n.[C,U](~to)thestateofbeingputintoasituationinwhichsomethingharmfulordangerousmightaffectyou暴露Phrases例子翻译Exposuretoleadisknowntodamagethebrainsofyoungchildren.

众所周知，接触铅对幼儿的大脑有害。真题ThedoctortoldPennythattoomuchexposuretothesunisbadfortheskin.(Jan.1995,CET-4,VocabularyandStructure)释义1episoden.[C]aneventorsetofeventsthatformspartofalongerseriesbutisconsideredseparately（一系列事件中的）一个事件，片段，一段经历Phrases例句翻译当玛丽绘声绘色地描述那件事时,我们哄然大笑起来。WeroaredwhenMaryactedouttheepisode.例句翻译Forinmen,asarule,loveisbutanepisode.一般说来，爱情在男人身上只不过是一个插曲。释义2例句翻译请于明晚收听更加精采的下一集.Listentothenextexcitingepisodetomorrownight.n.

[C]apartofatelevisionorradiostorythatisbroadcastseparatelyandformsoneofaseries

（电视剧或广播剧的）集，一集Phrases例句翻译Thefinalepisodewillbebroadcastnextweek.下周将播放最后一集。episode释义例句翻译这个培训计划现在已经颇有声誉。well-establishedThetrainingprogramisnowwell-established.a.

havingexistedforalongtime,andhavingbeensuccessfuloracceptedforalongtime已建立起地位的；已得到确认的Phrases例句翻译TheUniversityhasawell-establishedtraditionofwelcomingpostgraduatestudentsfromoverseas.

这所大学有着欢迎海外研究生就读的悠久传统。释义1例句翻译她的老师很早就发现了她的天赋。geniusHerteachersrecognizedhergeniusearlyon.n.

[U]averyhighlevelofskillorability

天赋Phrases例句翻译Thisisthemarkofherrealgeniusasadesigner.

这展现了她作为设计师的真正天赋。释义2例句翻译卓别林不仅仅是天才，也是电影史上最有影响力的人物之一。Chaplinwasnotjustagenius,hewasamongthemostinfluentialfiguresinfilmhistory.

n.[C]someonewhoismuchmoreintelligentorskilfulthanotherpeople

天才Phrases例句翻译Shewasamathematicalgenius.她是个数学天才。genius释义例句翻译那位职员准是没有注意到你的名字，因为他说你不在这里。overlookTheclerkmusthaveoverlookedyourname,becausehesaidyouweren'there.vt.tofailtonoticeordosomething没有注意到；忽视；忽略Phrases例句翻译Accidentshappenwhensafetychecksareoverlooked.忽视安全检查就会发生事故。释义1例句翻译家长的说教对于孩子来说简直是受罪！tortureWhattortureparent'slecturesareforchildren!n.[U](infml)amentallyorphysicallyuncomfortablefeeling

（精神或肉体上的）折磨，煎熬，痛苦Phrases例句翻译Waitingfortheresultwastorture.等待结果的过程是一种折磨。释义2例句翻译有好几名囚犯证实他们受到了酷刑。Severaloftheprisonersconfirmedthattheyhadbeentortured.n.

[U]extremephysicalpaincausedbysomeoneorsomething,especiallyasapunishmentorasawaytomakesomeonesaysomething拷打；拷问；酷刑逼供Phrases例句翻译Theyneveragaintorturedaprisonerinhispresence他们再也没有当他的面严刑拷打过囚犯。torture释义例句翻译园丁从树上砍下一根树枝。cutoffThegardenercutoffabranchfromthetree.toremovesomethingbycuttingit

切掉；割掉Phrases例句翻译Hethreatenedtocutmyhairoff.

他威胁说要剪掉我的头发。在1881年11月至1890年7月之间，文森特·凡·高大约画了900幅画，却没有成名。但自从他死后，他成了世界上最负盛名的画家之一。Translation原文文森特·凡·高大部分人所知道的凡·高的两个最重要但显然互不相关的特点是：他对色彩神奇、几乎具有爆发力的运用以及他糟糕的精神状态，后者最终导致他生命悲剧性的结束。Translation原文但是，根据凡·高死后的医学调查，现在看来这两个特点可能是彼此相关的，无论是在他生命的最后还是更早的时期，他的精神状况都可能影响了他的艺术风格。Translation原文凡·高于1853年出生于荷兰，早年替一位国际艺术商工作，因此他去过伦敦、巴黎及比利时。1880年在他弟弟西奥的支持下，他决定成为一个画家，因此，他早期的作品充满了北欧昏暗的光线。Translation原文在巴黎，凡·高遇到了许多后来被称为印象主义派的艺术家，如德加、土鲁斯-劳特。累克、毕沙罗、高庚。他的风格受到他们的影响而发生了改变，变得轻快而明亮。他使用细微线条的原色（红、蓝、黄）和补色（紫、橙、绿）。他还对高庚画作的相对抽象风格很敏感，在高庚的画作中，物体的形状都通过不同的颜色区域表现出来。Translation原文但是，尽管在这样激励人心的气氛下工作，凡·高还是没法与他那些越来越成功的朋友们相比。他付不起钱请模特，所以他画了很多自画像，那些自画像可能展现了他探索内心的天赋。Translation原文凡·高很快就对他在巴黎的生活感到气馁，所以他搬到了法国南部的亚尔，那儿的阳光吸引了他，他希望在那儿成立一个画家之家。他感觉自己从那儿的人、建筑物及景色中得到释放，所以他用生动而充满激情的色彩，用他自己和他的事业中从未有过的振奋来描绘他们。他热切地希望高庚来看他并且最终说服了高庚前往亚尔。Translation原文《向日葵》及描绘他家的画作一方面是为了迎接高庚，另一方面也反映了他的喜悦之情。但因为凡·高对高庚的强烈的友情及他们关于绘画方法的带敌意的争论，高庚离开了亚尔。因为这件事，凡·高切掉了自己的一部分右耳。Translation原文因为抑郁和幻听，凡·高在接下来的两年里进出了好几次精神病院。他的风格变得更具实验性，线条更粗犷有力，色彩更明艳，常以橄榄绿、天蓝及明黄色为主。这是他最多产的一段时期，他也开始有了一些成就，著名的《星夜》及其他一些画作在巴黎年度画展上受到了评论家的好评。Translation原文但他的创作高峰期也是他最绝望的时期，在这段时期他怀疑自己没有能力创作出有价值的作品。在脆弱的精神状态下，凡·高回到了一个住在巴黎附近的朋友身边继续工作。1890年，他开枪自杀，两天后去世。那么他对绚丽色彩的喜爱与他毁灭性的精神状态之间有什么联系呢？Translation原文

我们现在了解更多关于凡·高精神与身体的疾病及它们所造成的影响。凡·高患有癫痫病，这种病会导致昏厥，可能是因为出生时脑部有缺陷。喝苦艾酒会加重病情，苦艾酒是种流行但危险的饮料，那时候的艺术家们经常喝。他的医生给他开了一种药，这种药能使病人把所有事物都看成黄色或看到很多黄点。这可能是凡·高喜欢黄色的原因吧。Translation原文凡·高经历了一段旺盛期后开始变得疲倦而抑郁。我们现在知道这是躁郁症的症状。而且他还使用铅制颜料，接触铅可能引起铅中毒。铅中毒的症状之一是视网膜红肿，这会导致人看到物体周围围绕着环状光。在一些画作如《星夜》中我们可以看到这样的效果。Translation原文另一种与癫痫病及狂躁行为有关的情况是自发的不断写作的需求。可能是因为这个原因，凡·高给他的弟弟西奥写了800多封信。Translation原文为了使作品写实，凡·高在户外创作。他有时表现出的攻击性和感到恶心可能是中暑带来的后果。Translation原文最后，幻听也是精神分裂症的一个典型症状，精神分裂症是严重的精神疾病，会让人混淆什么是所想，什么是现实。Translation原文我们提到创作伟大艺术作品所需要的天赋，对凡·高而言，他的天赋，特别是他运用色彩的天赋，可能得归功于他的精神健康状况。作为艺术爱好者，我们承认凡·高创作了一些世人所知的最伟大的画作，并为他以后的许多艺术家提供了灵感，但我们不能忽视他为了艺术而遭受的精神折磨。Translation原文BackgroundinformationTheImpressionists(印象派画家)wereagroupofpaintersattheendofthe19thcentury.Theyweregiventhisnameafteranewspapercriticthoughttheywerepaintingonlysketches,orimpressions.Thiscontrastedwiththerealismofphotographywhi