汽车专业英语(北京邮电大学出版社)Unit8ppt

汽车专业英语PartOneListeningSectionADirections:Picturerecognition.Youwillhear6statements,foreachstatement,pleaserecognizewhichpicturethestatementisreferringto.PartOneListening(E)1.Thecityispolluted(A)2.Weneedfreshair(C)3.excessiveuseofenergy(F)4.Toxicgas(D)5.Manycarsinthecity(B)6.Don’tknowhowtodealwiththepollutedgasPartOneListeningSectionBDirections:Listenandpractice.Listentothedialogues,fillinthemissinginformation,andpracticethemwithyourpartner.Dialoge1Customer:Hello!Repairman:Hi!Customer:Theremustbesomethingwrongwithmycar.Repairman:Whatisthematter?Customer:Mycarcannotgostraight.PartOneListeningRepairman:Oh,itisnotabigdeal.Customer:Isiteasytosolvetheproblem?Repairman

:Itisnotsodifficult.Maybetherearesomeproblemswiththealignment

ofyourcar.Iwillcheckitbyourwheelalignerandmakesome

adjustment.Customer:Ok,willittakealongtime?Repairman:Notalongtime.Customer:Ok,callmeafteritisdone.Repairman:Ok.PartOneListeningDialoge2Gordon:IseeyourbosslentyouhisnewBuickSLX,howdoesithandle?Molly:Ithandlesgreat.Gordon:Istillhavetoridemybicycletowork.Molly

:I'mgladI'mnotinyourshoes.Gordon:DoestheSLXhavepowersteeringtoo?Molly

:Ofcourse.Doesyourbicycle?Gordon:Ofcoursenot.Isitasafecar?Molly:AtBuicktheyalwayssay,"safetyfirst."Itevenhasairbags.Gordon:Mybikecouldhaveairbags.Molly:Onlyifyoucarriedtheminyourbookbag.Youshouldreallybuyacar.Gordon:Carsaregettingmoreaffordable.Molly:That'sthespirit.PartOneListeningSectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassage.Afterthat,completethe4incompletestatements.Thepassagewillbereadtwice.ListencarefullyandchoosethecorrectanswerfromthechoicesmarkedA,B,andCgiven.1.“They”inline2refersto_________.A.trafficsignsandsignals.B.pavementmarkings.C.trafficcontroldevices.PartOneListening2.“Pedestrians”means_________.A.PassengersB.walkersC.passerby3.Tomakeyourdriving,oneshouldfollow__________.A.trafficsignalsonlyB.pavementmarkingsonlyC.BothAandB4._________maydirecttrafficduringaheavytraffic.A.trafficpoliceB.pedestriansC.trafficsignalsPartOneListeningTrafficsigns,signalsandpavementmarkingsarecalledtrafficcontroldevices.Theyaresetuptocontroltheflowoftraffic.Propercontroloftrafficmakesstreetsandhighwayssaferformotorists,bicyclistsandpedestrians.Tobeasafedriver,youmustwatchforandobeyalltrafficsignals,signs,andpavementsmarkings.Duringheavytrafficorinanemergency,anofficermaydirecttraffic.Atrafficofficercanoverruletrafficsignals.Hisordersordirectionsmustalwaysbeobeyed.PartTwoConversationsOliver,asalesman,isservingMr.Newmanandhiswife.Hedoesn’taskthemtosignacontractafterhisexplanationbecauseheisafraidoftheirrefusal.Now,LiZhicomesover.奥利佛是一位销售员，他正在为纽曼先生服务。由于他害怕遭到拒绝，介绍完车子后他没有要求纽曼先生签合同。这时李致走了过来。(L—LiZhi,N—Mr.Newman,O—Mr.Oliver)（L—李致，N—纽曼先生，O—奥利佛）PartTwoConversationsL :

Hello,Mr.andMrs.Newman.Wouldyoumindafewwordsofminebeforeyourleaving?你们好，纽曼先生和夫人。您不介意在我离开之前让我讲几句吧。N :

Ofcoursenot.当然不。L :

I’mOliver’smanager.I’vebeenwatchinghispromotionandIthinkhehasdoneagoodjob,doyouthinkso?我是奥利佛的经理，我一直在观察他的促销。我觉得他做得很好，您怎么看，先生？PartTwoConversationsN :

Yes,Itakeyourpoint.Ithinkhewillbeoneofyourbestsalesmenifhisexplanationismoreinteresting.是的，我同意您的看法。我认为如果他的介绍更有趣的话，他会成为您手下最好的销售员之一。L :

IthinkthatwesharethesameopinionthatOliverlacksofcourageandconfidence.我认为我们的看法一致。奥利佛缺乏信心和勇气。N :

Yeah,Ithinkso.是的，我也这么想。PartTwoConversationsL:Infact,helackssomuchthathedidn’taskyoutosignacontract.IfImeanwrong,I’dlikeyoutopointthemout.ButIbelieveyou’reveryinterestedinbuyingourcar,right?实际上，他缺乏的太多了，以至于他没有要求您签合同。要是我说错了，请指教。但我相信您对我们的车很感兴趣，对吧？N:Yes,butI’llthinkitover.是的，但我要考虑考虑。PartTwoConversationsL:Allright.Asanoutlooker,Icanseeyouhopetobuyone,andOliveralsohopesyoubuy,Oliver,right?可以。作为一名旁观者，我看得出您希望买一辆车子，并且奥利佛也希望您这样做，是吧，奥利佛？O:Yes,sir.是的，先生。L:Verywell,Oliver.Isuggestyoushouldfilltheorderformrightnow.很好，奥利佛。我建议你现在就把订单填好，开始吧。PartThreeReadingTextAComfortandConvenientEquipment

Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,moreandmoreadvancedtechnologyisappliedtotheautomobile.Thatmakesourlifeintheautomobilemorecomfortableandconvenient.

Everythingcanbedoneeasilywithasingletouch,whenthesedanisequippedwithpowerwindows,powersunroof,powerexteriorsmirrors,powerdoorlockincludingremotekeylessentryandengineimmobilizer.Itseemsthateverythingisautomatic.PartThreeReadingwiththedevelopmentof

随着…..的发展technology

技术beappliedto

应用于…..remote

遥远的entry

进入immobilizer

防盗锁止系统filtration

过滤constant

不变的entertainment

娱乐cinematic

电影院般的NewwordsPartThreeReadingTranslation舒适配置随着科学技术的发展，越来越多的技术运用于汽车。这使车内的生活更舒适、更便利。装备了电动车门、电动天窗、电动后视镜、电动门锁（包括遥控钥匙系统）、发动机防盗系统的车辆，只要轻轻一按，一切都能轻松完成。似乎每件事情都可以自动完成。带过滤器的空调可自动调节车内温度，确保车内空气清新。车内若没有音响系统会很逊色。车内通常配有调幅、调频收音机及附有四个高质量的扬声器的CD音响系统。有些还配有后座娱乐装置（带DVD系统）可以使人享受电影院般的电影和音乐。PartThreeReadingTextB

Pre-reading:1.Whatistheprioritywhenyoubuyanewcar?

2.Whatarethebenefitsoftheelectriccars?PartThreeReading

Naturerequiredmorethan200millionyearstodevelopalloftheoilbelowtheearth’ssurface.Mankindrequiredjust200yearstoconsumehalfofthat.Ifcurrentratesofconsumptioncontinue,theU.S.DepartmentofEnergysaystheworld’sremainingresourcesofconventionaloilwouldbeexhaustedin40years.OwingaFuel-efficientCarPartThreeReadingAbout60percentoftheoiltheworldconsumespowerstransportationvehicles,andhalfgoestopassengercarsandlighttrucks.Transportationaccountsfortwo-thirdsofAmerica’spetroleumuse.In2005,Americadependedonimportsfor55percentofitsoil,thehighestpercentageever.Inthepast,thedependenceonoilhashadaprofoundeffectontheU.S.economy.Eachmajoroilpriceshockofthepast30yearswasfollowedbyaneconomicrecessionintheUnitedStates.PartThreeReading

What’smore,transportationvehiclesproducemostofthekeychemicalsthatpollutetheair,causingsmogandhealthproblems.Globalwarmingisalsorelatedtoautomotiveexhaustemissions.Theconcentrationofgreenhousegases,especiallyCO2,hasincreasedsubstantiallysincethebeginningoftheindustrialrevolution.Vehicleswithhigherfueleconomymayproducelesspollutionthanvehicleswithlowerfueleconomy.Buyinganddrivingafuel-efficientvehiclewillsaveyoumoneyongas,ofcourse,butsuchadecisionhasother,broadereffects.PartThreeReading

TheAutoEditorsofConsumerGuideroadtestmorethan200newcars,trucks,minivans,andSUVsperyears.Theydrivethesevehiclesthewaytheirownerswould:urbancommuting,suburbanshopping,andhighwaytravel.Theykeepscrupulousfuel-economyrecordsoneachvehicle.Itturnedoutthatinreal-worlddriving,vehicleswithdifferentsize,weight,cylindersetc.averageddifferentMPGs,rangingfrom13to25mpg.AccordingtotheAmericanAutomobileAssociation,theaveragepriceforagallonofunleadedregulargasnationallyinSeptember2004was$1.84.ByAugust2005,itwas$2.33.BySeptember2005,intheweeksafterHurricaneKatrina,thepumppriceforregularwas$3.04.Noonecanpredictthefuturecostofagallonofgas,butthesefiguresshowpricevolatilityisanearcertainty.PartThreeReading

YettheAmericansseldomgavemuchthoughttofueleconomybeforetheArabOilEmbargoof1973.Thespecteroflonglinesatthegasstation,unreliablesupply,andfluctuatingpricesrearedagainwiththefuelcrisisof1979—1980.Thoseeventswerewake-upcalls,andDetroitandAsianauto-makersrespondedwithlotsofgas-sippingcompacts.Butbythelate1980s,horsepowerandperformancewerebackinvogue.Carsweregettingfaster,morepowerful,moreladenwithgadgetry—andgulpingmorefuel.PartThreeReading

Then,inAugust1990,IraqinvadedKuwait.Withinaweek,theaveragepriceofgasolineshotupmorethan16centsagallon.TheterroristattacksofSeptember11,2001,initiatedagradualbutsteadyclimbinpumpprices,whichacceleratedafterAmerica’sspring2003invasionofIraq.In2005theper-barrelpriceforcrudeoilontheworldmarketjumpedto$50,startlingeconomistsandotheranalysts.Pumppricesrose.Wewantedmoreoil,butitwasn’tgoingtocomeeasily.PresidentBushauthorizeduseofthenation’sstrategicoilreservetohelpkeeppumppricesincheck.PartThreeReading

AttheendofAugust2005,HurricaneKatrinadevastatedtheGulfStatesandbadlydamagedoilrefineriesandportfacilitiesvitaltoAmerica’sfuelinterests.ThepumppricesinthedaysfollowingKatrinaroseby10,20,30cents,andmore,insingleleaps.Somestationsexploitedcustomerswithpumppricescloserto$4.PartThreeReading

Thus,theU.S.energypolicyoncemorecalledonthefederalgovernmenttopromotethedevelopmentoffuel-efficientvehicles,supportresearchintocleanerfuels,andimplementprogramstoreducevehiclemilestraveled.Butcitizenscanalsodotheirparttohelpreduceclimatechangebypurchasingavehiclewithhigherfueleconomy.Calm,sensibledrivingandbuyingdecisionswillseeyouthroughalmostanyfuelchallenge.Ifyou’reshoppingforanewvehiclewhilefuelpricesareontherise,therearemanyfactorsyoucankeepinmindtohelpkeepyourmpgniceandhigh.PartThreeReading

Yourfirstdecisioniswhattypeofvehicletodrive.Choicesrangefromgas-sippingcompactstogas-guzzlingsportsutilityvehicle,andinbetweenisabewilderingrangeofcars,trucks,andcrossovers.Thisbasicdecisionisbasedonavarietyoffactors:howmuchyouareableorwillingtospendonavehicle,whatsizeortypeofvehicleyoumayactuallyrequire,andtheemotionalcomponent.Optionssuchasall-wheeldrive,automatictransmission,andevenpowerwindowscanreduceyourfuelefficiency.PartThreeReading

Vehicleweightisthebiggestsingleenemyoffueleconomy.Whenyou’reshoppingforafuel-efficientcarortruck,commonsensesuggeststhesmallestavailableenginedeliversthehighestmpg.Intherealworld,that’snotalwaysthecase.Tosaynothingofthefactthelifeofanoverworkedengineisnotusuallyalongone.What’sneededisthebestmatchbetweencarsize/weightandengineoutput.PartThreeReading

Four-wheeldrive(4WD)hasitsgoodpoints,butmileageisnotordinarilyamongthem.Theextradrivetraincomponentsjustaddtoomuchweight,soevendiscreetuseoffour-wheeldrivecarriesabigpenaltyeveryday.Ifyoudon’tneedtheoff-roadtractionversatilityoftrue4WD,all-wheeldriveisanattractivealternative.Thesesystemsarelighterinweightthan4WD,andactuallyaremoreusefulon-roadbecause,unlike4WD,theyrequirenoactionfromthedrivertodeliverpowertoallfourwheels.PartThreeReading

Gas/electrichybrid-electriccarsandtruckscombinethebenefitsofgasolineenginesandelectricmotorsandcanbeconfiguredtoobtaindifferentobjectives,suchasimprovedfueleconomy,increasedpower,oradditionalauxiliarypowerforelectronicdevicesandpowertools.NoneofthehybridcarsandtrucksonsaleintheU.S.requireplug-incharging.Theyinsteaduseacombinationofthegasengine’spower,andsystemsthat“recapture”otherwise-lostenergyfromtheturningwheels,torechargethemotor’sbatteries.Thatsortoffueleconomycanbeduplicatedbysmall,gas-onlycarsandsomedieselcars.Butonlyhybridscombinesuchhighmile-per-gallonreturnswithlowexhaustemissions.PartThreeReading

Dieselcarsmaybeyouridealchoice.Onlyahandfulofdieselsremainedavailablethroughthe1980s,butMercedes-BenzandVolkswagenareleadingaresurgenceindieselavailabilitywithenginesfarsuperiortoearlierversionsinsilenceandperformance.Foreconomy,thedieselishardtobeat,deliveringasmuchas25percentmoremileage(ondieselfuel)thanagasolineengineofsimilarsize.

Tosomepeople,comfortisaheatedleatherseatinthewinter.Otherstakecomfortinknowingthey’reekingouteverylastmilefromeachgallonofgastheyconsume.Beforeyoubuyafuel-efficientcar,considerwhichoftheseoptionsisreallynecessarytoyou.Nearlyeveryluxuryamenityaddsweightanddrainspower,bothofwhicharetheenemiesoffueleconomy-andperformance.PartThreeReading

Buyinganewcarisconfusingenough.Buyingwithfueleconomyinminddoesn’trequireyoutoownavehicleyoudon’twant.Rather,itmeansshoppingforthevehiclethatgivesthefeaturesyouwantwiththebestavailablefueleconomy.You’llsavemoneyingas,anddoyourparttosignalautomanufacturerstomakemoreenergy-efficientvehicles.PartThreeReadingefficient

[ɪ'fɪʃənt]adj.

能胜任的,有能力的,有效力的Consume

[kən'sjʊm]v. 用尽,消耗,花费……,吃或喝（某物）exhaust

[ɪɡ'zɔst]n.

废气，蒸汽等；排气口

v.

耗尽……,将……排出profound [prə'faʊnd]adj.

深远的；知识渊博的；深奥的recession [rɪ'seʃən]n.

（经济）衰退,不景气,后退，撤退key

[ki:]adj.

极重要的,关键性的chemical ['kemɪkəl]adj.

化学的

n.

化学制品concentration [kɔnsən‘treɪʃən]

n.

集中,浓缩,浓度scrupulous ['skru:pɪələs]adj. 一丝不苟的,审慎的cylinder ['sɪlɪndə]n.

圆柱,（发动机的）气缸

NewwordsPartThreeReadingvolatility [vɔlə'tɪlɪti]

n.

挥发性,价格波动specter ['spektə]

n.

鬼,幽灵,恐怖laden

['leɪdn]adj. 装满的,满载的,负担沉重的gadgetry ['ɡædʒɪtri]n. 小机械,小器具（统称）gulp

[ɡʌlp]v.

快速或贪婪地吞咽startle

['stɑ:tl]v.

使……惊吓或吓一跳authorize ['ɔ:θəraɪz]v. 授权,委任,委托,批准,认可devastate ['devəsteɪt]v. 彻底毁坏（某事物），摧毁exploit

[ɪk'splɔɪt]v.

利用或开发,剥削或利用implement ['ɪmpləmənt]n. 工具,器具

v.

使……生效，实施，贯彻gas-guzzling [ɡæs'gʌzəlɪŋ]adj. 非常耗油的bewildering [bi'wɪldərɪŋ]adj. 令人困惑的,费解的

PartThreeReadingcrossover ['krɔsəʊvə]n. 融合SUV、MPV、皮卡等的混合型轿车drivetrain ['draɪvtreɪn]

n. 动力传动系统discreet adj. [dɪ'skrɪt]

言谈举止谨慎的,言行审慎的off-road adj. [ɔfrəʊd]

越野的versatility ['əsə'tɪlətɪ]

n.

多功能性configure [kən'fiɡə]v. （计算机术语）装配，配置duplicate ['dju:plɪkɪt]n. 相似物；复制品

v.

复制（某物）,重复resurgence [rɪ'sədʒəns]n.

中断之后继续；复活，复苏economy [ɪ'kɑnəmi]n.

节省，节约,经济,经济制度amenity n. [ə'menɪti:]

生活福利设施,方便设施；娱乐场所drain

[dreɪn] v.

流走,喝干,耗尽……的精力、金钱等

PartThreeReadinglighttruck

轻型货车accountfor

说明,占unleadedregulargas

无铅汽油invogue

正时兴，正在流行shootup

射出,发芽,暴涨hold/keepsthincheck

抑制,约束,制止callon

号召,呼吁,邀请,访问seesbthroughsth

帮助某人度过（困难）automatictransmission(AT) 自动变速器，代表自动挡manualtransmission(MT) 手动挡four-wheeldrive(4WD)

四轮驱动plug-incharging

插入式充电PhrasesandExpressionsPartThreeReadingU.S.DepartmentofEnergy 美国能源部ConsumerGuide 《消费者指南》:美国一本有名的杂志MPG=milespergallon 英里/加仑，每加仑汽油所跑的英里数AmericanAutomobileAssociation(AAA) 美国汽车协会，汽车俱乐部的联合体，成立于1902年thenation’sstrategicoilreserve 国家战略石油储备GulfStates 美国墨西哥湾沿岸诸州：美国南部沿墨西哥湾的几个州：佛罗里达、阿拉巴马、密西西比、路易斯安那和德克萨斯。ProperNamesPartThreeReadingTranslation拥有一辆节能小汽车

大自然用了3亿年才生成地下储存的石油，而人类仅用了200年就把它消耗掉一半。美国能源部说，按目前的消耗速度，世界上剩余的传统石油资源将在40年里消耗殆尽！世界石油消费量的约60%用于交通工具，而其中的一半又消耗在了小汽车和轻型货车上。在美国，交通运输占其三分之二的石油用量。2005年，美国55%的石油量依靠进口，创下历史最高比例。过去，依赖石油的局面对美国经济产生了深刻的影响。在过去三十年里，每次大约油价动荡过后都会引起美国经济的衰退。PartThreeReading

而且，交通工具排放的主要化学物质也是引起空气污染、造成烟雾和健康问题的罪魁祸首。全球变暖也与汽车尾气排放有关。自工业革命开始以来，温室气体，尤其是二氧化碳的浓度大幅度增加。

长远来看，节能效果好的交通工具要比节能效果差的产生的污染小。购买和驾驶一辆节能的车辆当然会节省汽油费，但这样一个决定还会带来其他更为深远的影响。PartThreeReading

《消费指南》的汽车编辑们每年都对200多辆新的轿车、货车、小型客货车和多用途车（SUV）进行路测。他们和车主们一样，在市区驾车往返行驶，到郊区购物和在公路上行驶。对每一辆车，他们都认真仔细地做好节油记录。结果证明，在实际驾车中，车辆由于大小、重量、缸数等差异，每加仑行驶的里程数（MPG）也大相径庭——从13到25英里等。根据美国汽车协会的数据，每加仑无铅汽油在2004年9月份的全国平均价格为1.84美元，2005年8月为2.33美元，到了2005年9月，也就是卡特里娜飓风后的几个星期里，普通汽油零售价格飙升到了3.04美元。没有人能够预测未来油价，但上述这些数据表明，近期油价继续波动已成定局。PartThreeReading

然而，在1973年阿拉伯国家实行石油禁运之前，美国人很少会考虑到节省燃油。1979—1980年燃料危机期间，加油站又排起了可怕的长龙，供应也难以保障，价格忽高忽低。这些事件成了敲醒人们的警钟，底特律和亚洲汽车制造商们以生产大量的小型节油汽车加以应付。但到了20世纪80年代末，大马力和高性能又重新成为时尚。汽车越开越快，马力越来越大，各种配置越来越多——后果当然是油耗越来越高。接着，1990年8月，伊拉克入侵科威特。一周之内，汽油的平均价格每加仑暴涨16多美分。2001年9月11日，恐怖袭击事件引发了油品零售价格缓慢但又稳定的攀升。2003年春天美国入侵伊拉克后，油价又加速上升。PartThreeReading

2005年，世界石油市场每桶原油价格窜至50美元，让经济学家和其他分析人士吃惊不已。油品零售价格也水涨船高。我们需要更多的石油，但想得到它却绝非易事。布什总统已下令用国家战略油来帮助平抑油价。2005年8月底，卡特里娜飓风横扫墨西哥湾各州，严重破坏了关系美国燃油利益的炼油厂和港口设施。在飓风后接下来的几天里，油品零售价格接连飞涨10、20和30多美分。有些加油站对客户的零售价格竟然接近每加仑4美元。为此，美国能源政策再次号召联邦政府促进开发节能交通工具，支持研究清洁燃料和实施减少行车里程计划。但作为普通公民，他们也可以通过购买高效节能的车辆来减少对环境的影响。冷静、理智的驾车和购车决定将帮助人们战胜任何的燃料挑战。PartThreeReading

如果在油价上涨的时候选购一辆新车，要记住，有很多的因素可以帮助你的爱车少用油，多跑路。

你首先决定的是要开什么样的车。选择的范围包括节油的小型汽车到耗油多的多用途跑车，以及中间令人眼花缭乱的各种汽车、货车和跨界混合车型。这个最基本的决定会受很多因素影响：你能够或愿意消费的价格是多少、你实际需要车辆的大小和型号以及你的情感因素是什么等。像全轮驱动、自动挡、甚至是电动车窗等选择都无助于省油。节能的一个最大敌人就是车的重量。当你打算购买一辆节能的汽车或货车时，常识会让你觉得发动机越小，每加仑油跑的路程就越远。但在现实生活中，情况并不总是如此。一个超负荷的发动机其寿命通常不会太长也是一个事实。我们需要的是车体大小、重量和发动机输出功率之间的完美结合。PartThreeReading

四轮驱动固然有很多好处，但燃油经济性并不包括在内。额外的动力传动部件会大大增加车身的重量，为此即使再小心地使用四轮驱动的汽车，每天都会经受沉重的惩罚。如果你不需要真正四轮驱动的越野动力功能，全轮驱动倒是一个很好的选择。配有全轮驱动系统车的重量比四轮驱动的要轻，并且在实际中更适合路面行驶。全轮驱动不像四轮驱动，它们不需要驾驶者进行任何操作，就可以向四个轮子传递动力。PartThreeReading

汽油/电力混合电动汽车和货车集汽油发动机和电动机的优点于一身，并且能够通过设定达到不同目的：比如更加节能、动力更强或者为车载电子和电动工具提供额外的辅助动力。目前在美国销售的混合动力汽车和货车都不需要插电式充电，相反，它们采用的是汽油发动机动力和能够从转动的轮子“回收”那些要不就白白浪费掉的能量的系统来共同为电动机电池充电。这种节能方法可以应用到小型纯燃油汽车和一些柴油汽车上。但只有混合动力车才能把每加仑汽油跑的高里程数回报与低排放做到完美结合。PartThreeReading

柴油汽车或许会成为你理想的选择。在整个20世纪80年代，能买到的柴油汽车屈指可数，但梅赛德斯—奔驰和大众正在引导一场柴油汽车的复兴运动，新一代柴油发动机在静音和性能方面要远远超过早期的发动机。从经济上来说，柴油汽车无可比拟，同样大小的柴油发动机要比汽油发动机的行车里程高出25%。对有些人来说，舒适是冬天里温暖的皮座椅。而对另一些人来说，舒适就是得知每消耗一加仑汽油所获得的“多出来”的英里数。在购买节能汽车之前，考虑一下哪个选择对你来说是必须的。几乎每一项奢侈配置都会增加车身的重量的消耗动力，而两者又都是汽车节能和性能之大敌。PartThreeReading

买辆新车的确是件令人犯难的事。想要节能的车并不是要你拥有一辆自己都看不中的车。相反，是让你去买一辆既有自己想要的特性而又最能省油的车。这样，你既可以省下汽油钱，也从自身做起，向汽车生产商传递了这样一个信号：制造更加节能的车辆吧！PartThreeReadingExercisesUnderstandingthetext:Directions:Afterreadingthepassage,youwillfind5questionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachquestionorstatement,pleasechoosethebestanswerfromthefourstatementsprovided.1.HowdidthemajoroilpriceshockaffecttheU.S.economyinthepast?2.Whatarethebadeffectsoftheautomotiveexhaustemissions?3.Accordingtothepassage,whatarethemajoreventsthatcausedtheriseoftheoilpriceintheU.S.?4.Whatarethekeyfactorsoneshouldkeepinmindwhenbuyingafuel-efficientvehicle?5.Afterreadingthepassage,whatdoyouthinkarethereasonswhythedieselcarsarenotaspopularasthegasones?PartThreeReadingDirections:Readandjudge.Readthepassageandjudgewhetherthestatementistrueorfalse.T1.

Passengercarsandlighttrucksconsumedabout30%oftheworld’soilconsumption.

F2.Vehicleswithhigherfueleconomymayproducemorepollutionthanvehicleswithlowerfueleconomy.

F3.Citizenscandolittletohelpreducetheclimatechange.T4.Whenwe’reshoppingforafuel-efficientcarortruck,wetendtothinkthatthesmallestavailableenginedeliversthehighestmpg.PartThreeReadingF

5.All-wheeldriveismuchbetterthanthefour-wheeldrive.T6.Nearlyallluxurygadgetryaddedtocarswillconsumemorefuel.F

7.Buyingafuel-efficientvehiclerequiresyoutoownonewiththefeaturesyoudon’twant.PartThreeReading’Directions:ChooseappropriatewordsfromColumnAtomatchexpressioninColumnBtoformcollocations.PartThreeReadingColumnAColumnB(g)1.consumea.aletter(j)2.commuteb.sb.ofallthestrength(h)3.ladenc.one’stalent(e)4.accelerated.sb.outofone’swits(d)5.startlee.thespeedofgrowth(f)6.authorizef.aconstructionproject(i)7.devastateg.resources(c)8.exploith.withguilt(a)9.duplicatei.theGulfStates(b)10.drainj.betweenhomeandofficePartThreeReadingDirections:Fillintheblankswiththegivenwordsorexpressionsinthebox,changingtheformwherenecessary.bewilderingseesb.throughwithaccountforimplementrecessioninvoguehold/keepsth.incheckauthorizeduplicateshootupPartThreeReadingDirections:Completethetablewithinformationfromthepassage.TheChineseAutoIndustryYearsthatwitnessedanincreaseintheautomarket:1.firstyearsinthiscentury:2003;2006Yearswithautoprofitsdecreasing:2.2004;2005Causesfortheincreasingprofitsfortheautoindustry:3.theautoindustryrecoveringfromthelasttwoyears;PartThreeReadingTextCPre-reading：

1.Doyouthinkbatterycantotallyreplaceoilasthemainfuelforthevehiclesinthenearfuture?2.Inyouropinion,whatdelaysthedevelopmentoftheelectriccars?2007—YearoftheElectricCarPartThreeReading

Iopenedmyspiralnotebook,sliditovertoAlanGotcherandhandedhimmypen.IwantedGotcher,theCEOandPresidentofthenanotechnologycompanyAltairnano,toexplaintomewhyhiscompany’sbatterywasdifferentfrom—andbetterthan—otherlithiumbatteries.

WeweresittinginanIrishpubtwoblocksfromWashington,DC’sUnionStation.WhilewesippedourIrishbrewsandwaitedfordinnertoarrive,Gotchersketchedontomynotepadapairofdiagrams:one,aconventionallithium-ionbatterycellandtheother,anAltairnanocell.Theylookednearlyidentical,withtheexceptionthatGotcherhadleftsomethingcalledtheSEI(separatorelectrodeinterface)outoftheAltairnanocell.Butthisonesmallchangemakesaworldofdifference.PartThreeReading

GotcherexplainedtomethattheSEIlayerisusedtokeepthelithiumfromreactingwiththegraphiteanode,butthatitalsoaddsaresistiveelementtothecell,reducingitsefficiency.Hiscompany’sunusualnano-titanite-basedanodedoesn’tneedtheSEIlayerbecauseitdoesn’treactwiththelithium.Instead,itsextremeporosityallowstheabsorptionofmanymorelithiumions,whichdramaticallyimprovesthestoragecapabilityofthebattery.

Thecompanyclaimsthattheirbatteryshowsacyclelifeinexcessof20,000chargesanddischargeswhilestillretaining85percentofitscapacitytostoreenergy.Ifproven,thiswouldbearevolutionarybreakthrough,especiallysinceAltairnanoalsoclaimstheirbatterycanberechargednotinhours,butinlessthan10minutes.PartThreeReading

Bywayofcomparison,thetypicallithiumbatterytakesfromtwotosixhourstorecharge,itspowerdensityislessthan1,000wattsperkilogram(w/kg),anditoperatesoveratemperaturerangeof0℃to40℃.Incontrast,Altairnano’sdatashowthattheirbatteryhasapowerdensityof4,000w/kgandtheabilitytosafelyoperatefrom-50℃to75℃.Butjusthowsafeis“safe”?

Toanswerthisquestion,Gotchergavemeadescriptionofthevariousteststowhichthecompanysubjectedthebattery:shortcircuit,forceddischarge,overcharge,overdischarge,nailpuncture,crush,overtemperature,andadroptest.Thebatterysurvivedallthesetrialswithoutanysmokeorfire.PartThreeReading

JustasIwasbeginningtograsptheexcitingpotentialofAltairnano’stechnology,ourdinnersarrived.Whilewewereeatingourfood,GotcherexplainedthathiscompanyisprovidingthebatteriesforPhoenixMotorcars’sportutilitytruck(SUT).Equippedwitha35kWh,386–voltbatterypack,theconverted,Korean-builtfour-doorutilitywillhavearangeof217km,atopspeedof152km/handa0-100km/htimeofunder10seconds.GotcherexplainedthatitwillbefullyhighwaycapableandassuchqualifiesasaZeroEmission,Type3vehiclebyCaliforniaEPAdefinition.GotcherglancedatmetoseeifIunderstoodthesignificanceofthatfact.Ididn’t,sohepatientlyelaborated.PartThreeReading

TheEPAdefinitionisworthbigmoneytocarmakers.UnderthetermsoftheCaliforniaZeroEmissionVehicle(ZEV)mandate,eachall-electric,fast-rechargeable,zeroemissionvehicle(“type3”vehicle)qualifiesfor40ZEVcredits.AsGotcherexplainedittome,beginningin2005thecarmakersthatsellthemostcarsinCaliforniaareunderobligationtosellsomanyZEVseach.Iftheydon’t,theyarepenalizedforeverymissingZEVcredit.EachcreditisworthUS$5,000,soatype3vehicleisworthUS$200,000inCalifornia.Carmakerseitherhavetobuildtheirowntype3vehiclesorbuythemfromanothermanufacturer—suchasPhoenixMotorcars,whichplanstoselltheSUTinitiallyforaroundUS$45,000.PartThreeReading

Butaren’tthebigcarmakersmeetingtheirCaliforniaZEVobligationwiththeirhydrogenfuelcellvehicleprograms?AccordingtoaToyotaexecutiveIspokewith,theyarefornow,butinthenottoodistantfuturethenumberoffuelcellvehiclestheywouldhavetobuildisdaunting.

ToyotahassomeninefuelcellcarsinCaliforniaatthemoment,eachofwhichcostaboutUS$1milliontoproduce.WhileToyotaisinabetterpositioninCaliforniathanothercarmakersbecauseofitsRAV4(asmall4WD)EVfleet,thecarmakerwouldstillhavetoproduce150fuelcellcarstomeetitsZEVobligations.PartThreeReadingOntheotherhand,theexecutivetoldmethatGeneralMotorswouldhavetobuild1,500fuelcellvehiclesifthetermsofthemandateremainunchanged.Youcandothemathsonthatone.So,atUS$45,000avehicle,Phoenix’sbattery-poweredSUTwouldbeanincrediblebargainforcarmakerswhodecidedtobetonhydrogenfuelcelltechnologyinsteadofbatterieswaybackin1998