正确使用关系代词

Howtouserelativepronounsproperly?who指人，在定语从句中作主语/宾语，作宾语可省略。Whatwasthenameofthemanwholentyouthemoney?Hewholaughslastlaughsbest.Thechairmanofthemeeting,whospokefirst,satonmyright.whom

指人，在定语从句中做宾语。在口语或非正式文体中，whom可省略或可用who来代替Therearesomepeople(whom/who)welikeandothers(whom/who)wedislike.Thepeoplewhom/whoIworkwithareallfriendly.但在介词后面以及在非限制性定语从句中只能用whom。

MrCarter,whomIspoketoonthephonelastnight,isveryinterestedinorplan.Twomen,neitherofwhomIhadeverseenbefore,cameintomyoffice.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语，后面要紧跟被修饰的名词。Therearesomepeoplewhosefacesyoucanneverforget.Isawsometreeswhoseleaveswereblackbecauseofthepollutedair.

Thehousewhosewindowsarebrokenisempty.

Thehousesofwhichthewindowsarebrokenisempty.Thehousesthewindowsofwhicharebrokenisempty.Whose可以转换为“of+whom”,即whose+n.=the+n.+of+whom=of+whom+the+n.

Childrenwhosemiddaymealswereunhealthyweredifficulttoteachintheafternoon.He’sthepersonwhosecameraInearlylost.Jamieisacookwhoseideasarechangingschooldinners.ExercisesThenovel____________wasbrokenbelongstome.Thenovel_________thecoverwasbrokenbelongstome.whosecoverofwhich3.Iwantaroom,thewindowofwhichfacesthesouth.Iwantaroom_______________facesthesouth.whosewindow1．指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语。做宾语常可省略。Thisisafolksongwhichisnowverypopular.

Thechildrenlikecookies(which)mywifemakes.

which2．which引导的非限制性定语从句可以修饰前面的整个主句，相当于andthis。Jimpassedhisdrivingtest,whichsurprisedeverybody.Sheilacouldn'tcometotheparty,whichwasapity.

3．which在非限制性定语从句中有时也可以作定语。Johnstayedhereforaweek,duringwhichtimewevisitedtheWestLaketogether.Itmightsnowthisweekend,inwhichcasewewon'tgotoBeijing.

that指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语（做宾语时常可省略）。Heisthemanthatlivesnextdoor.Idon'tlikestoriesthathaveunhappyendings.Thedress(that)Annboughtdoesn'tfitherverywell.asas可以在限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句中作主语或宾语。①在限制性定语从句中，as可跟在由such,so,thesame修饰的先行词之后。Suchmenasheardhimweredeeplymoved.（as在定语从句中作heard的主语）I'veneverheardsuchstoriesashetells.（as在定语从句中作tell的宾语）Heliftedsoheavyastoneasnooneelsecanlift.（as在定语从句中lift的宾语）比较：在thesameas结构中，as也可用that代替。但严格地说，thesameas强调相同，thesamethat注重同一。Sheworethesamedressasheryoungersisterwore.（as指的是与先行词相似的同类事物）SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMary'swedding.（that指的是与先行词同一事物）②在非限制性定语从句中，as可代表主句整个句子，引导的定语从句可以放在主句之前或主句之后，一般用逗号与主句分开。Aseveryoneknows,TaiwanbelongstoChina.Heisfromthesouth,aswecanknowfromhisaccent.一些由as引导的定语从句常位于句首，已形成了固定的说法。asisknowntoall这是众所周知的ashasbeensaidbefore如前所说asisoftenthecase情况常常如此asmaybeimagined这可以想象得出ashasbeenpointedout正如已经指出的那样asoftenhappens这种情况常常发生A．只用which/whom

在下列情况下，一般不能用that代替which/whom。1.在非限制性定语从句中。Theweatherwasveryterrible,whichwehadn'texpected.

2.关系代词紧跟在介词或短语介词后面，只能用which或whom，不能用that。Heclimbeduptothetopofalargerock,fromwhichhegotagoodview.（也可用fromwhere）Soundisatool,bymeansofwhichpeoplecommunicatewitheachother.Theyaskedmealotofquestions,mostofwhichIcouldn'tanswer.逗号不可以连接两个句子不定代词/数词/名词+介词+which/whom+从句

Shehasthreesons,allofwhomjoinedthearmy.

Shehasthreesons,twoofwhomwereengineers.

Iwantaroom,thewindowofwhichfacesthesouth.Ipickeduptheapples,________________werebad.Ipickeduptheapples.________________werebad.Ipickeduptheapplesand/but_______________werebad.someofwhichSomeofthemsomeofthem定语从句的关系代词指人时宜用who而不宜用that的情况。*The

classmateIwanttolearnfromisone

whoworksveryhard.*Anyone

whofailstofinishthehomeworkwillbepunished.*Those

whowerenotfitfortheirworkcouldnotseethebeautifulclothesmadeofthemagiccloth.*Thestudent

thatwaspraisedatyesterday’smeetingisthemonitor

whostudiesveryhard.1.先行词为one,ones,those或anyone时2.一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that，另一个宜用who，以免重复定语从句的关系代词指物时，只宜用that，不用which的情况。*Weshoulddoall

thatisusefultothepeople.*Wehaven’tgotmuch

thatwecanofferyou.*Theonlything

thatwecandoistoasktheteacherforhelp.*Thisistheverybook

thatbelongstohim*Youcantakeanyseat

thatisfree.*Thereislittletime

thatwecanspare.*I’vereadallthebooks

thatIboughtyesterday.*WhenpeopletalkaboutHangzhou,thefirst

thatcomestomindistheWestLake.*Thisisthefifthbirthdaypresent

thatIhaveeverreceived.*Thisisthebest

thathasbeenusedagainstpollution.*Itisthemostimportanttask

thatshouldbefinishedinashorttime.*Edisonbuiltupafactory

whichproducedthings

thathadneverbeenseenbefore.*Thebikeanditsrider

thathadrunoveranoldladywereheldupbythepolice.*Theytalkedofthingsandpersons

thattheyrememberedintheschool1.被修饰的先行词为all,much,little,everything,anything,nothing,none,theone等代词时.2.先行词前有theonly,thevery,thelast,just,any,few,little,no,all等词修饰时3.被修饰成分是序数词,或者它前面有一个序数词时.4.被修饰成分是最高级,或者它前面有最高级形容词修饰.5.两个从句,其中一个关系代词已用which,另一个宜用that.6.被修饰成分既有人又有物,宜用that.7.先行词在定从中做表语时*Thevillageisnolongertheone

thatitusedtobe.

*Heisnolongerthelazyboy

thatheusedtobe.Preposition+which

andPreposition+whom“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which（指物）和whom（指人）。1.当介词放在关系代词的前面时,介词宾语只用which或whom,关系代词不能省略.*Thisistheheroofwhomweareproud.*ThisisthepenwithwhichIwrotetheletter2.当介词位于定语从句末尾时,可用that/which/who/whom,而且作介词宾语的关系代词往往省略.*Thisisthehero(that/who/whom)weareproudof.*Thisisthepen(that/which)Iwrotetheletterwith.3.“复合介词短语+关系代词”引导的定语从句,常与先行词用逗号隔开.*Helivedinabighouse,infrontofwhichstoodabigtalltree.Hecamelate,asaresultofwhichhemissedthechancetoseeher.注意:在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割,因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前.*ThisisthepenwhichI’mlookingfor.不可以说:ThisisthepenforwhichI’mlooking.关系代词前面的介词使用情况:1.根据与前面名词的搭配关系选择.*I’llneverforgetthedayonwhichIfirstmethim.*Canyoufindapropersituationinwhichtheexpressioncanbeused?Point1:介词的选用考虑两个因素定语从句中先行词的搭配习惯IneverforgetthedaysduringwhichIstudiedhard.IneverforgetthedayonwhichIwenttocollege.IneverforgettheyearinwhichIwenttocollege.daysdayyear2.根据定语从句后面动词和介词的搭配关系选择.*Themantowhomyouspokejustnowismyuncle.*ThetwothingsofwhichtheyfeltproudwereJim’sgoldwatchandDella’shair.Point1:介词的选用2.定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯HaveyoufoundthebookforwhichIpaid$10?HaveyoufoundthebookonwhichIspent$10?Haveyoufoundthebookaboutwhichsheoftentalks?paidspenttalks1.Theperson(who/that/whom)youshouldwritetoisMr.Ball.

ThepersontowhomyoushouldwriteisMr.Ball.Rewritethefollowingsentenceswithpreposition+which/whom:2.Thegames(which/that)hetookpartinwereswimmingandshooting.

Thegamesinwhichhetookpartwereswimmingandshooting.Fillintheblankswithrightprepositions1.Haveyoumettheperson____whomhewasspeaking?2.Heistheman____whomyoushouldgiveyourthanks.toto3.Thefarm____whichweworkedtenyearsagoisn’twhatitusedtobe.on4.Thisisthetree______whichweusedtoplaygames.under5.Thegas_______whichwecannotliveiscalledoxygen.without6.Thefilm____________Ifellasleepwasveryboring.duringwhich7.Thelittlecreature______scientistsareinterestedisknownasET.inwhich8.Thegun__________hewasshotwasneverfound.withwhichFillintheblankswith“prep.+which/whom”:1.Areyouinterestedinanysongs_________you’velistened.2.Tomorrowisaparticularday_________hisdaughterwillgetmarried.3.Thisistheknife_________Iusuallycutbread.4.Wecan’tlivewithoutthesun_________wegetheatandlight.5.Thesubject_________Ericisinterestedisphysics.towhichonwhichwithwhichfromwhichinwhich6.Doyouknowthegirl_________ourheadteacherisshakinghands?7.Ican’tfindmydictionary_________Ipaidover$100.8.Thisisthegoodcar_________Ispentallmymoney.9.Sheistheteacher_____________allhisstudentsshowrespect.10.Theteacher_________youhavebeenwaitingiscominginaminute.withwhomforwhichonwhichto/forwhomforwhomFillintheblankswith“prep+relativepron”.1.Doyouremembertheday_________weleftyouincharge.2.Ioftenthinkofthemoment_________IsawtheUFO.3.Irememberthetime_________Ericwonthatspeechcompetition.4.Itrainedthewholeday__________hetravelledwithhisfamily.onwhichatwhichatwhichonwhichFillintheblankswith“prep+relativepron”.5.Thepolicesearchedthehouse_________thethiefhadstayed.6.Mikewantstoworkinacountry_________therearealotofrainforests.7.Thisisnotafamily_________badbehaviorgoesunpunished.8.Thestudyistheplace_________Ioftenhavetalkswithmyfather.inwhichinwhichinwhichinwhich逗号不可以连接两个句子不定代词/数词/名词+介词+which/whom+从句

Shehasthreesons,allofwhomjoinedthearmy.

Shehasthreesons,twoofwhomwereengineers.

Iwantaroom,thewindowofwhichfacesthesouth.

Ipickeduptheapples,_____