美国早期发展历史

AmericanEconomy陈凤怡赵统美刘晓庆陈江TableofContents

Earlyeconomy1

2

Contemporaryeconomy3

Conclusion4ModerneconomyThethreestagesofearlyAmericanhistory美国早期发展ThecharacteristicsofearlyAmericaneconomicdevelopment.Byprimitiveclansocietytothecapitalistmodeofproductiondevelopmentandaccompaniedbythecapitalistformbeforebouncing.Thisperiod,thedevelopmentofsocialformsdoesn’tinteriminturn.Ithasnoslaveryandthesocialsystemprimarilystageofdevelopment.美国早期发展这一阶段的发展特点,是由原始的氏族社会向资本主义生产方式发展并伴有前资本主义形态的跳跃。这一时期社会形态的发展并不是依次过渡的，它没有经过奴隶制度和封社会制度为主的发展阶段。NorthAmericanIndiansdevelopmentperiodTheIndiansweretheoriginalinhabitantsofthenorthAmericancontinent.TheyhadlongbeenthemaindevelopmentinNorthAmerica.TheiractivitiesconstitutedtheBritishNorthAmerica13coloniesestablishbeforethemainstreamofancienthistoryofNorthAmerica印第安人是北美大陆的最早原始居民。它们长期以来是开发北美的主力。它们的活动构成了英属北美13个殖民地建立前的北美古代历史的主流。EuropeanpowersinnorthAmericanexploration,developmentandthecolonialperiod

IndiansisstillthemainresidentsonthecontinentofNorth.ButthewhitedominatedtheEuropeanmainland’sfate.Europeanpowers,mainlyisSpanish,Dutch,FrenchandEnglish.TheybrokeintothenorthAmericancontinentsuccessivelyestablishedtheircolonialpoints.这时印第安人仍是北美大陆的主要居民，但是主宰大陆命运的却是欧洲白人。欧洲列强，主要是西班牙人、荷兰人、法国人和英格兰人，它们先后闯入了北美大陆建立了各自的殖民点。TheBritishNorthAmerica13colonialperiod

Coloniesintheindustry,themostgenerallyisthecottageindustryfoefarmers.Everyfamilyhasthespinningwheelandhandloom,thereareindependentproducersaroundthevillageandtownship.Wooltextileandmetallurgyindustry,byBritishlimitforbiddenaslateasindependentrecently,justinPhiladelphia,proppingupthebiggercity,establishedbetweensomewooltextilefactory.殖民地的工业，以农民的家庭手工业为最普遍。家家户户都有手纺车和手工织布机，同时，还有遍布乡村和城镇的大量独立手工业者。毛纺织和冶金工业，因受英国限禁，迟至独立前不久，才在费城、兰开斯特等较大城市建立了一些毛纺织工场。Handicraftworkshopsdevelopedandestablishedinthelateofthecolonies.ThelargestindustrialsectorinNorthAmericaisshipbuildingandsailingsuppliesmanufacturingandwoodprocessing.NewEnglandisthelargestindustrialbase,ItsshipbuildingcostslowerthanEurope,Britainhas30~401/3ofthemerchantiscolonialmanufacturing,coloniesthree-quartersofmerchantismade在殖民地后期，手工业工场也初步建立和发展起来。北美最大的工业部门，是造船和航海用品制造以及木材加工。新英格兰是最大的工业基地，它的造船成本比欧洲低30～40％,英国有1/3的商船是殖民地制造的，殖民地有3/4的商船是自己制造的。ThecharacteristicsofBritishcolonialperiodeconomicBeforethewarofindependence,thefeaturesofthecolonialeconomy:Oneistheeducationcoattailseconomy.ThesecondisfortheprimaryfactorsofeconomicstruggleandthefightagainsttheBritishcolonialinternalclassstrugglefierce.Threeiseconomicdifferencesbetweenthenorthandthesouth.FouristhenorthAmericancolonieseconomyisconsumedIndiansinrobbing.FiveisbyJackiecontainscertaincoloniesoffeudalremnants独立战争前英属北美殖民地的经济特点：一是教育提携经济；二是以经济为首要因素的反英斗争和殖民地内部阶级斗争激烈；三是南部和北部经济存在差异；四是北美殖民地经济是在掠夺和消灭印第安人的基础上发展起来的；五是殖民地经济带有一定的封建残余性。英属北美殖民地人民为什么要发起反英独立战争？波士顿倾茶事件ModerneconomyLaissez-fairecapitalismofAmericanMonopolycapitalismRelatedDocumentsCivilwar

TheWestwardMovementTerritorialexpansionTerritorialExpansionTheWestwardMovement

TheWestwardMovement

Thethreeperiodsofthedevelopmentofwestmovement

1.Thepreliminarydevelopmentinagriculturalperiod

2.Withtheindustrialprimarilycomprehensivedevelopmentperiod3.Takinghigh-newtechnologyprimarilydepthdevelopmentperiod

CivilwarTheSouth:Plantation

slaveryagriculture

Differentsocialeconomicsystem

TheNorth:Capitalistindustrial

Civilwar美国南北战争是第一个工业化战争,这是蒸汽时代的第一次大战。是工业革命后的一切军事发展的总试验,揭开了战争史上一个全新的篇章。它在本质上同独立战争一样都是为了扫除资本主义发展道路上的障碍Civilwar美国经济的一次洗礼TheU.S.economyabaptism

ChapterIV

ContemporaryhistoryCentralgravityoftheeconomyactivityNewYork:thecenteroffinance、publish、broadcastandadvertisement

LosAngles:moviesandtelevisionproductioncenterSanFrancisco:technologydevelopmentcenterMidwest:manufacturingandheavyindustrycenterSoutheast:medicalresearch、tourismandbuildingmaterialsindustry.Detroit:famousmotorcityChicago:financialandcommercialcenterCentralgravityoftheeconomyactivityindusty

IntheU.S.industry,manufacturingaccountedfornationalproductionthree-quartersofthetotalamount.TheUnitedStatesistheworld'slargestproducer.Forexample,metalsteel,Americanyieldtakesupone-fifthoftheworld.Autooutputtakesupone-fourthoftheworld，productionofmeattakesupone-fifthoftheworld.Serviceindustries

TheindustrialmanufacturingoftheUnitedStatesleadbyCalifornia.NextisNewYork、Ohio、Illinois、Pennsylvania.

ThereasonforChicagobecomingthefirstindustrialcenteristhatitislocatedinthetopofLakeMichiganandtheintersectionoftheUnitedStates.NewYorkcityoutstandingtransportationfunction,fineport,makeitbecomeAmerica'sfirstgreatcityandmanufacturingcenter.Greatlakesalsomakesbuffalo,Detroit,theMilwaukeebecomeimportantindustrialcenter.芝加哥之所以能成为美国首要的工业中心，部分原因就在于它位于密执安湖的顶端，并且在美国大陆的交叉口。纽约市杰出的运输功能，优良的港口，使它成为美国第一大城和制造中心。大湖区也使得水牛城、底特律、密尔瓦基成为重要的工业中心。TransportationAgriculture

TheUnitedStatesisoneoftheimportantagriculturalcountriesintheworld.Americanfarmproductionvalueof$90billioneachyearofagriculturalproducts.Americanfarmerproduct50%ofcorn,20%ofoats,and15%ofchicken,pork,cotton,tobaccoandwheatoftheworld.

美国是世界上重要的农业国家之一。美国的农场每年生产价值900亿美元的农产品。美国的农夫生产了占世界50%的玉米，20%的燕麦，以及15%的鸡肉、猪肉、棉花、菸草和小麦。FarmingInAmericansoil,grainfarmingareais33,600millionacres.Thegraintypesandfarmingarechangingondifferentlocalclimateandsoil.美国土地上谷物的耕种面积约达33，600万亩。谷物种类与耕种方式，则依各地不同的气候与土壤而有所改变。CornisAmerica'smostimportantcrops.玉米都是美国最重要的作物Beefcattleanddairycattlearethemostimportantlivestock.乳牛与肉牛是美国农场里最重要的家畜。ChapterIVMiningThemineralworthalmostayearintheUnitedStatescanreach600millionusdollars,includingthevalueofoilproductionaccountsforalmost40%ofallmineralvalue.Coalissecondonlytothevalueofoil,gas,mineralsinthirdplace.TheUnitedStatesaccountedforthenaturalworld18%ofcoalandoil,andaccountsfor45%oftheworld'sgas.美国每年的矿产总值约可达到600亿美元，其中石油产量的价值几乎占全部矿产价值的40%。煤是价值仅次于石油的矿产，天然气则居第3位。美国年产占世界18%的天然煤与石油，还有占世界45%的天然气。

Americanproductionquantityrankedfirstinthecopper.ItismainlyproducedinArizona,productionaccountsforalmosthalfofAmerica'stotalcapacity.UtahisAmerica'ssecondlargestcopperproducer,yieldaccountedforaboutoneinsevenofAmerica'stotalcapacity.美国的产铜量居世界第一。主产于亚利桑那州，产量几乎占美国总产量的一半。犹他州是美国第二大铜产地，产量约占美国总产量的七分之一。Aluminumismadefromaplantcalledironaluminaproduction90%.Inaddition,AlabamaandGeorgiaalsohaveironaluminaore.铝是由一种叫做铁矾土产量的90%。此外，亚拉巴马州与乔治亚州也有铁矾土矿。Zincandleadinofteninthesamearea.TheUnitedStatesistheworldfirstproduceszinckingdom.NewYorkisAmerica'slargestproducerofzincstates.Missouriisthemainproductionleadstates.锌与铅常常在同一矿区中。美国是世界上首要的产锌国。纽约州是美国最大的产锌州。密苏里州是最主要的产铅州。Arizona,Colorado,Montana,Nevada,southDakotaandUtahhavemajorityofgolddeposits.ButthemajorsupplierssilverstateisArizona,Idaho,MontanaandUtah.亚利桑那州、科罗拉多州、蒙大拿州、内华达州、南达科他州与犹他州蕴藏美国绝大部分的金矿。而美国主要的产银州是亚利桑那州、爱达荷州、蒙大拿州与犹他州。TradeTheUnitedStatesofAmericahastheworld'slargesttradeandthequalityofdomestictradeismuchhigherthantheinternationaltrade.美国具有世界上最大的贸易量，而国内贸易量又比国际贸易量高出许多。America'smostimportanttradeobjectisCanada美国最重要的贸易对象是加拿大

TheoutputofAmericanprimaryproductsincludingmachinery,communicationsequipment,food,wildanimals,processedproductsandrawmaterials.(suchascotton,soybeans,ore,etc)美国首要的输出品包括机械、通讯器材、食品、野生动物、加工品及原料(如棉花、大豆、矿石等)。

America'sbiggesttradingpartnerisadjacenttotheCanadian(19%),China(12%),Mexico(11%)andJapan(8%).Everyday,followedbyaboutworthasmuchas$1.1billionproductsthroughtheU.S.andborders.TheAmericaneconomyisconsideredtobetheworld'slargestandmostimportanteconomies美国最大的贸易伙伴是毗邻的加拿大（19%），中国（12%）、墨西哥（11%）和日本（8%）紧随其后，每天大约有价值高达11亿美元的产品流经美加的国界。TheAmericaneconomyisconsideredtobetheworld'slargestandmostimportanteconomies美国经济被认为是世界上最大也是最重要的经济体TheU.S.economyishighlydevelopedandmanyglobalcountries’currenciesarerelatedtothedollar,andtheAmericanstockmarketisconsideredoneoftheworld'seconomicbarometer.美国经济高度发达，全球多个国家的货币与美元挂钩，而美国的证券市场被认为是世界经济的晴雨表。Ithappenedintheearlytwentiethcentury,anAmerican30coalworker'sscene:ColdnortherliesChanYiwhistling,thelittlegirlwearingacrouchinginthecorneroftheroom."Mom,it'ssocold,whydon'tyourisestove?"Thelittlegirlintrembling.Mothersighedandsaid,"becausewedon'towncoal.Yourdadunemployed,wehavenomoneytobuycoal.""Mommy,daddywhyunemployment?""Becausecoalistoomuch."st