2023年同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语水平全国统一考试标准模

同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语水平全国统一考试标准模拟试题二ＰaｒｔIDialoｇuecommuｎication（10minuｔes,l0poｉnts)SeｃtionADｉaｌogueComｐletionDｉｒｅctｉons:Inthissecｔｉon,ｙouwiｌlread5shoｒtincomｐｌｅｔeｄiａloguesbetweenｔwｏspeakers,eａchfｏllowedby4choiｃeｓmaｒｋｅdＡ,Ｂ，CａnｄD.Choosethebestａnswerthatsuitsthｅｓiｔuatiｏｎtoｃｏmpleｔethedialogｕeｂyｍaｒkiｎｇｔhecoｒｒeｓｐonｄinｇletterwithasingｌebaracrossthｅsquarebracketsｏnyｏuｒmachine-ｓcoringANＳＷERＳHＥET．1.Ａ:Isn'tthepinｋsｈirｔpretｔy?B：___＿_＿_____＿No,ｔhebluｅoｎeｉspｒｅttier.Ｙeah.．.ｂｕttｈeｂｌｕeｏnｅwoｕldｌookｂeｔtｅrｏnyｏｕ．Iｔhinkotｈerwise.Idｏn'tｔhiｎｋIａｇｒeeｗiｔｈyou.2.Ａ：_______＿B:Ｔrｉｍthebａck，butleavｅｉtｌｏngatsides，ｐlｅasｅ．HowdowanttoｄowiｔhtheChristｍastreｅ?Ｄoyouwantaｓhampoo?Howwｏｕlｄyoulikeｍetｏcｕｔiｔ?Theｆenceｉsｍadｅoｆwooｄenpostｓ.３.A:＿_____＿＿__Ｂ:No.I'mtｒｙingtｏfindagrｅｅｎｓwｅatｅrinｅxtralａｒge.Isanyｂｏdｙtａkiｎｇcareｏfｙｏu?Whａｔ'sｙoｕrsize?Whａtdoｙouwant？IseｖerythingOK？4.Ａ:CanＩgetyousoｍethinｇtoｄrink？B:______＿___A.No,I'mnottｈｉrsty.B．Idon'tcarefｏｒａdriｎk.C.Wｈatdrｉnkhａveyougｏt？D.I'ｍfiｎｅ.Ｔhaｎｋｓanｙwaｙ.５．Ａ:AreyougoｉnｇtoyｏuｒfaｍｉlyｒｅuｎioｎtｈisChriｓtmasholiday?B：_＿____＿_Ａｓａmatteroｆｆａct,Idｏn'tminditatall.Iｄo.I＇ｖeｂeｅnexciteｄabｏutitｆorａlongｔime.Hoｗｅｖer,mypａreｎtsaｎdIaregoiｎgtoｔakｅatripｔoＨawａii.Ｙoubet．Alｌmｙｕnｃlesanｄauntswilltａketheirｃhilｄrenalonｇ,too.SeｃtioｎBDiａlogueCoｍpreｈｅnsionDiｒectiｏｎｓ：Inｔｈissection，youwｉllread5ｓhortcoｎｖersationsｂetwｅｅnaｍanandａwomaｎ.Atｔｈeｅndofeaｃhｃoｎverｓａtiｏnｔｈereiｓaqueｓtiｏｎｆolｌowedｂy4ｃhoicesmarkedA,B，ＣandD.Choosethebestaｎｓwertｏtｈeqｕesｔiｏｎfｒoｍｔhｅ4choｉｃesbymａrｋingthｅcorresponｄinｇlｅtｔerwiｔhasinglebａraｃｒossｔhｅsqｕarｅbraｃkｅtsonyｏuｒmａchiｎe－scｏriｎｇANSWERSHEET．６．Woman:Ｈenry,yourarｔｉcleinｔｈｅcaｍpuｓnewsｗaｓｅxcelleｎt.Ｍan:Ｉonlywisｈtheyhadｐubｌisｈｅdtheentiｒethinｇ.Questｉon:ＷhaｔdoweｌeａrｎfｒｏｍHenry'sresｐoｎse?Thearｔicｌeｗａsａctuaｌｌylonｇer.Hispｕｂlishinｇｃarｅeｒhａsｊustbｅｇun.Ｔhenewspａperhaｓprinｔedhisｏthｅrａｒtiｃles．Theartｉcleisａbｏutsportｓ.7.Man：Ｉthoｕgｈｔtheliｂrariaｎsaiｄwecoｕldｃhｅckｏutasmanｙｂoｏksaｓweｎｅedwｉthourlibｒarycarｄｓ.Womaｎ：That'srｉghｔ,ｂutnotthｏserｅferencebooｋs.Ｑuｅsｔion:Whaｔdoestｈewomanmｅan?Ｓtｕｄentswｉｔhaliｂｒarycardcancheｃｋａｎyboｏｋｏut.Rｅferencｅbｏｏｋsareｎotallowedtobecheckedｏuｔ．Onｌyｓtuｄentswithalｉbrａrycａｒdcaｎcheckouｔreｆerｅncebooks．Ｔhenumｂｅrofbooksａsｔｕdentｃancheckoutisｕnlimitｅd.8.Mａｎ:ShａllＩcallyouｔoletyouknｏwabｏuｔouｒrehｅａrsal?Ｗｏmaｎ：Byａllmｅａns.Ｑueｓtｉｏn:Wｈａtｄowelｅarnfrｏｍtheｗoman'sreｓpｏｎｓe?Ｔheｍanｓhｏuldtryhisbesttotelｌhｅraｂoutｉt．Shｅdoesｎ'tｗaｎｔtoｇｉｖethemantoomucｈtｒｏuｂｌe．Shewoｕlｄbｅhａppytolearndｅtaｉlsoｆｔhereｈearsａｌ.Sheprｅｆersｔhｅmanｔoｔellhｅrｈimself.9.Man:Ｉtseemstheresｔauｒａntｓherehavelittlebusｉnessthesｅdａｙs.Womａn：Tｈaｔ＇sｔｒue,Butourｓiｓａsｃｅnicrｅsoｒt.Andthisｉsnottheｂｕsyｓeaｓon.Whensumｍerｃｏmes，yoｕ'ｌlsｅearｍiesoｆtouｒistsｗaitinginlｉｎeinordeｒtｏgetaseaｔ．Queｓtioｎ:Wｈaｔdoweleａrnfromｔheconverｓatiｏnaｂouttｈｅrｅstauｒanｔsinthetown?Tｈeyｓtａｙcｌosedunｔiｌsumｍercｏmes.Thｅycaｔｅrcｈieflｙｔｏｔourisｔs.Theyarebuｓyaｌlｔｈｅyeaｒaｒｏuｎd.Tｈeyprovideｑualiｔyserviceｔotｈｅirｃustoｍｅrs.10.Wｏｍaｎ:Idｏn'tａgreｅwｉｔhMr.Johnsonoｎｈｉsviｅwｓaboｕtsｏcialwelfare.Ｈｅseemstosuｇｇestthattheｐooraｒerobbingｔherｉch.Man：Ｈeｍighｔhaveusedbetteｒwordsｔoexｐresshｉsideas.ButＩfinｄwｈａｔｈeｓａiｄmakesalｏtｏfseｎsｅ.Qｕestioｎ:Whatdoｅsｔhemａｎmean?Mr.Johnsｏn'sｉdeａsarenonsense．HeｑuitｅaｇrｅｅｓwithMr.Joｈｎsｏn'ｓvieｗｓ.Mr.Ｊohnsoniｓgooｄaｔeｘprｅｓsingｈisideas.Ｈｅsharｅｓthewoman'svieｗsｏｎsociａｌweｌfａre.ＰaｒｔⅡＶocａbulary(20ｍinutｅs,10pｏiｎtｓ)SectｉｏｎADiｒecｔiｏnｓ:Iｎｔｈissecｔｉontherｅare10senteｎcｅs,eaｃhwithｏnewordoｒphｒａseunderlineｄ.Ｃhoosetｈeonefromtｈｅ4ｃhｏicesmａｒｋｅdＡ,Ｂ,CandＤthatbｅsｔkeepsthemeａnｉngofthｅsenｔenｃe.Thenmａｒktｈeｃorｒｅspoｎｄingleｔtｅrｗithasiｎglebａracroｓｓthesquarｅbraｃketｓonyourmachiｎe-scorinｇＡNSＷERSHEET.1１.Obvｉｏuｓlythｅseａrealｌfactoｒsａｆfeｃtinｇsmｏｏtｈoperation,buｔtheunｄerｌyiｎgprobｌeｍissｔilltｏbeiｄentified．A.operatiｏnalB.funｄamｅntalＣ.oｐeratｉｎｇD.underneaｔh12.Ifyｏucaｎconvincｅtheiｎterviewerｏfyourｓpecialqｕaｌifｉcａｔｉoｎs,youｒchanｃeofbeｉｎgacceｐtedwｉｌlbｅｇreatｌyｅnhanｃed.A.ａppreciａteｄB.encｏuragｅdC.frusｔratedＤ.incrｅａｓed13.Inｉtｉallyｈisboｏkdidnoｔreceivemuchattｅntｉoｎ,ｂuｔtwｏｗeeksafterthecｒｉtiｃ'ｓrｅvｉewaｐｐｅaｒedinthenewｓpａpｅrｓ,ｉtclimｂedtothｅbestsellers'ｌiｓt．A.ＡtfirstB.FirstｏfaｌlC．AtfirsｔsiｇhtD.Ｆroｍｔhefｉｒst14.Ｇrowｉｎgeconｏmｉcｐｒｏｂlｅmswｅrｅhighlｉghｔeｄbyaslowｄowｎinｏilouｔｐut.A.aｃｃｏuｎｔedforB.wｏrkedｏutC．madｅproｍinentＤ.ｔakeｎforｇranted１５.Tｈecｏmmitteereportｅdｉtsｆｉｎｄinｇsafterａｔhoｒoｕghｉｎveｓtigatioｎ.Ａ.thinｇsｔhａtarｅfｏｕｎdB.deciｓｉｏnsＣ.ｒesultsofanenｑuｉryＤ.fiｌes16.Ｔhecrｉtiｃ'sasseｓｓｍｅｎｔoftheboｏｋisthatitｉsｂeautifｕllywrｉttｅn.A.ｃomｐrｅhensionB.rｅcommeｎdationC.admiratｉoｎＤ.judgment１7.ThefoｒeignministｅrwoulｄrｅｖeａlnoｔhｉｎgabｏutｈｉsrｅcentｔouroftｈeＭiｄdlｅEastbｅyoｎdｗhatｈａｄaｌｒｅａdｙｂｅｅnaｎnouｎｃedattｈepresscoｎfereｎcｅ．A.ａｓfｏrＢ.ｉnadditiontoC.ａlongwithD.inrelａtｉｏnto18．Ｍｒ.Danewｅnttｈrｏｕghhisｄaugｈtｅr'ｓesｓａyｃａrefully,toelｉminatｅslaｎgwordsfｒoｍit.Ａ.ｒeduｃｅＢ．eｘchangeC．reｍｏvｅＤ.eｘhibｉｔ１９.ＡtripｔｏtheＡｎtaｒcticｉsｒeａsonａblｙsafｅifyoｕtａketｈeneｃeｓsarypreｃａutions.A.withinreａsonB.ratｈｅｒＣ.ｂeyoｎddoubtＤ.doubly20.Withhisｂrowsknittｅd,ｔｈeｄoctorcｏnｔemｐlatedthedifficuｌｔoｐeratioｎhehaｄｔｏperform．A．suｃｃeedｅｄinＢ.decidｅdagaｉｎstC．ｗｅnｔonwiｔｈＤ．thoughtｄｅeｐlｙabｏuｔＳectｉonBDｉrecｔioｎｓ:Inthissｅctｉon,ｔherearｅ10ｉncoｍｐlｅtｅsenteｎｃes.Ｆoreａchｓｅntenｃｅthｅrｅaｒｅ４ｃhoiceｓmarkｅｄＡ,B,CandD.Chooｓeｔheonethatbeｓtcｏmplｅtesthｅsｅntence.Theｎmａrkthecoｒresｐ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iｔocracy,ａltｈoughwe＇ｖecoｍeｃloｓeｒtoitiｎｔheｌast30yｅａrs).IrecentlyｖisiteｄagreａｔlittlecollegeｉnNewYorｋwhｅrｅtｈｅｃampusｈasｄouｂｌeｄitsminoｒitypoｐulatiｏnｉnｔhelastsixyｅａｒs.ＩtａlkｅｄwｉtｈａnＡfｒiｃaｎAmeriｃaｎwhｏｈasbｅenaｐｒｏfessｏrthereforaｌongｔimｅ,andｓherｅmeｍｂeｒｓｔhatwheｎshefirstjoｉnｅｄｔheｃoｍmｕnity,therｅweｒｅｆeｗｅrthａnahandfulofmｉnoritieｓonｃａmpuｓ．Nｏw,ａlｌofｕsｆｅeltheunｉvｅrｓｉtｙisbetterbecauｓeofthedｉversｉtｙ.Sowｈｅrewehｅａrｔｈｉsｄebａteｉsprｉｍarilyｉnpoliｔicalｃirｃlesａnｄiｎtheｍedia—ｎotinｃorporａteｂoaｒｄrｏomｓoroncolleｇecａmpuｓes.３７．Ｔhewoｒｄ"imperatｉｖｅ＂（Line5,Parａ.1)moｓｔｐrobabｌyreferｓｔoｓoｍethｉng____＿__＿＿_.A.sｕpeｒficialＢ.rｅｍarkableC.ｄebａｔabｌｅD.eｓｓenｔial38.Whichoｆthefolｌｏwingｇroｕpsofｐeopｌeｓｔｉlldｉffｅriｎtｈeirｖｉeｗsｏndiｖeｒsity?A．Ｍiｎorｉtiｅｓ.B．Pｏliticians.C.Pｒｏｆessors．Ｄ.Managers.3９.Hｉｇｈ-ｒａnkｉｎｇcorporaｔeleadersｓeemtoｂeinfavｏroｆprｏmotingｄiverｓｉtysoasｔoA.lowertheｒaｔeofuneｍploymenｔB.winequａlpｏliticａlrightsfｏｒmｉnoritieｓC.ｐetｉｔiveｉntheworldmarketD.satisfytｈeｄemandｓofagrowinｇpoｐulation40．Itｃanbeinferrｅｄfroｍthepａｓｓaｇｅtｈａt＿__＿______.A.mｅritｏcrａcyｃaｎneverberealｉｚeｄｗｉｔhoｕｔdｉｖerｓityＢ.AmericanpoliticaｌciｒcleswilｌnｏtａccｅptｄiveｒsiｔｙＣ.itisｕｎlikｅlｙthatｄｉvｅrsｉtywiｌlｏccuｒiｎtheU.S.meｄiaD．mｉｎｏritiescanonｌyenterthefieｌdｓwhereｎodeｂaｔeiｓhearｄaｂoutdiｖerｓｉｔy41.Ａｃcoｒｄiｎgtｏtｈepａssage，divｅrｓitycanｂeachievedinAmｅricａnsocｉeｔyby__＿_＿＿＿＿_.Ａ.expandiｎｇｔhepooloｆpotenｔｉalemploｙeｅsB．pｒomotinｇｐoliciesthａtｐroviｄeｓkiｌlｓｔｏeｍploｙeesC.ｔｒainingmorｅengｉneｅrs，scientiｓtｓ，lａｗyｅrsａndbusinessmanagersD．ｐｒｏvidｉngeduｃatioｎfoｒalｌrｅgaｒdlｅssｏfｒaceｏrsex4２.Ｔhｅａｕtｈｏｒ'sattituｄｅtｏｗardｓdiｖeｒsiｔyis___＿____＿．A.positiveＢ.neuｒalＣ.objectiｖeD.cｒiticalＰassageThreePsychｏｌogisｔＧｅorgeSpiｌiｃｈandcｏlｌｅaguｅsatWashiｎgｔoｎCollegeiｎChestertoｗn，Mａryland,decｉdedtofindouｔwhether,aｓmanysmokeｒsｓaｙ,sｍokingｈelpsthｅｍto"ｔｈｉnkandcｏncentｒate."Sｐilｉｃhpｕtyouｎｇnｏn-smoｋers，ａctivesmｏｋｅIntｈefirsttest,eachsubjｅｃｔ（实验对象)ｓatｂｅfｏｒeａcomｐuｔerscreｅnanｄpｒｅssedakｅyassoｏnａｓheorsｈerecｏgnizｅdａｔaｒgeｔlettｅramongagroｕpingｏf９６.Inthissimpleｔest，sｍｏｋers,deｐriｖedsｍokeｒsａnｄnｏnｓｍｏkｅrsperformeｄequallｙwｅll.Theｎeｘttestwasｍorecｏｍｐlｅx,ｒｅｑuiriｎｇaｌltoｓｃaｎseqｕｅncｅsof２0identiｃalｌetteｒｓaｎdresponｄtheinstaｎtoｎeofｔheｌettersｔrａnsforｍedintoadｉｆfereｎtone.Nｏn-smokerｓwｅrefasteｒ,buｔｕnderthｅstｉｍｕlａｔｉonｏfnｉcotｉne(尼古丁)，aｃtiveｓmokersweｒefasterthandepriｖedsmｏkerｓ.Iｎthetｈirdteｓｔoｆsｈｏｒt－termｍemory,nｏｎ－smokeｒｓｍadｅｔｈefｅweｓｔerrorｓ,ｂｕtdeprivedsｍｏｋerscoｍmiｔtｅdfｅwerｅrrorsthanaｃtiｖesmokers.Tｈeｆouｒthtesｔrequiredpｅopleｔoｒeａdapassage,ｔhenanswerquestionsａbｏｕtｉt.Noｎ-smｏkerｓｒeｍeｍｂｅreｄ19pｅrcenｔmoｒeｏｆｔhｅｍｏsｔiｍportantｉnformaｔionthanactiｖeｓmｏkers,anddeprivedsmokersbestｅｄｔhｏsewhohaｄsｍokedacｉgareｔtejusｔbefoｒetestｉng．Activeｓmokersｔendedｎotｏnlytohavepｏoｒeｒmeｍｏriesbutａlsohadtroｕbｌeｓeparatingimpoｒｔaｎtｉnfｏrmatioｎfrominｓigniｆｉcaｎtｄeｔails.＂Aｓoｕｒｔｅstsbｅcamemoｒecomｐｌex，＂sｕmsupSｐilich,"non-smokerspｅｒforｍｅdbetｔertｈaｎsmｏkｅｒsｂywiderandwideｒｍaｒｇiｎs."Heｐｒeｄiｃtｓ,＂smｏkersmighｔperｆormadeqｕａtｅlｙａtmanyjｏbｓｕntｉｌtｈeｙgotｃoｍplicａted.Asmｏkingaｉrｌinepilｏtcｏｕldflyadequａｔeｌyifｎｏprｏbleｍsaｒose，ｂutifｓomeｔhingweｎtwroｎg,smokingmightdaｍaｇeｈｉsmentalcａpaciｔy."43.TｈepurｐoｓeofＧeorgｅSpilich'ｓexperimentsiｓ＿_________＿.A．ｔｏtｅstwｈetheｒsmokiｎgｈasapositｉｖeｅｆfecｔｏnｔhｅmｅntａlcaｐaｃiｔyofｓmokeｒｓB.ｔoshｏwhowsmokiｎgdaｍａgｅspeoplｅ'smentalｃapａｃｉｔyC．ｖetｈaｔsmoｋｉngaffeｃtspeopｌe＇sregulaｒperfoｒmanceＤ．tofｉndouｔwｈｅthersmｏkingheｌｐｓpeｏｐle＇sshorｔ-ｔｅrmｍｅmorｙ４4.GｅorgeSpｉliｃｈ'ｓexperimentwaｓconｄuctedinsuchaｗａyａｓto＿_＿_____.A.ｃｏmpeｌｔｈｅsｕbｊeｃtsｔosｅpａratemａjoｒinｆoｒｍationfｒomｍinｏrdeｔailsＢ.ｐｕtｔｈesuｂjectsthrougｈｉncreasinglycompｌextｅｓｔsC．checkthｅeffｅｃtivenessｏfｎicotineoｎsmｏkerｓＤ．registerthｅｐromｐtresponｓeｓｏfthｅsubｊectｓ4５．Theｗoｒd"besteｄ"(Line3,Para.５)ｍostprobablymeａns________.A.ｂｅatB.enviedC．caughtuｐwｉthD．ｍａｄetｈebｅsｔｏf46.Ｗhｉchofthｅfｏllowｉngstateｍeｎtｓｉstrｕe?A.Actiｖｅsmoｋｅrsiｎgeｎerａlperformedｂｅttertｈandepriｖedｓmokeｒs.B．Acｔivesｍokersrespｏnｄedｍoreqｕicklyｔhantheothersｕbjｅcts．C．Nｏn-smｏkerswerｅnｏtｂetterｔｈaｎｏthersubjecｔsiｎperformingｓｉmpletasks.Ｄ.Deｐｒivｅdsmokｅrsｇavetｈeslowｅsｔrespｏnｓｅstothｅvarｉouｓtaｓks．4７.Wecaｎｉnferfromthｅlaｓtparａgraphthａt______＿__＿.Ａ．smｏkerssｈouｌｄnoｔeｘpecｔtｏbecomeaｉrlinepｉlotsB.smoｋiｎgｉneｍeｒgencｙｃasescaｕsｅｓｍentalilｌneｓsC．noaiｒlinepilotsｓmｏkeｄuringｆｌighｔsD．smokeｒsｍveuｎeｑuａlｔｏhandlingemergencycａｓes４8．Thewayofresｅarchiｎthispaｓsａｇeis__＿＿＿_＿__．Ａ.cｒiticalａnａlysisB.compaｒiｓｏｎC．sａｍｐｌeinvesｔｉgａtioｎＤ.ｃause－rｅsuｌtａｎaｌysiｓPａsｓageＦouｒTｈeｒeｉｓnoquｅｓtiontｈattheoｌdstyｌeoｆａiｒpollｕtioｎcouｌｄｋｉｌlpeｏplｅ.Iｎoneweekｆolloｗingtheｉｎfaｍoｕs"ｐｅasｏｕpeｒ"fｏginDeｃeｍber1952,4,700peｏplediedｉｎLｏｎdｏnMostofthesepeｏpｌｅwereelderlyanｄalreadyhadheartｏrlｕnｇｄiseases.AsｅriesｏfｔhesｅkillｅrfｏgsｅvｅｎｔuallyledtoｔｈeBriｔishParliamentpassingｔｈeCｌeaｎAirＡｃｔwhｉchrestrｉctedthebuｒningofcoal.Ｆortｕnaｔeｌｙｔheeｆfectofsｍｏgonthelｕngsisnotsｏdramａtｉｃ.Sciｅntistshavenoｗcｏnducteｄanumｂeroflaboratｏryｅxperｉmentsinｗhｉchｖoluｎｔeeｒsareexposeｄtoozoneiｎsideａsｔeelｃhaｍbｅｒｆｏｒafｅwｈourｓ.Ｅveｎatquiｔｅlowcoｎcentrationsｔhｅreisareversibｌeｆalｌｉnluｎｇfunctiｏｎ,aｎinｃｒeaseｉnｔheirｒitabｉlｉtyoｆthｅｌungsａndevideｎceｏfairｗａyinflaｍmatiｏn(发炎).Althｏｕghirｒitａbleandinflａｍedlunｇsａrｅpaｒticuｌarｌyｓeｅninpeoplewｉtｈasthma（哮喘)andothｅｒlungdiseａses,thesｅefｆectｓofozoｎealsooccｕrｉnheaｌthysｕbjects.Sｉmilarchangeｓareａlsｏseenafterexposuｒｅtonitrogeｎdiｏｘidｅ,althoughtｈeｒeｉssomediｓaｇreemeｎtabouttｈecｏncｅnｔraｔioｎaｔwhicｈthｅｙｏcｃuｒ.Otherstudｉｅshａvefouｎdthatｐeopｌｅliｖingｉｎａrｅaswiｔｈhighlｅｖelｓｏfpollｕｔiｏnｈaveｍorｅsymｐtoｍsaｎｄwoｒsehｕｎgfuｎctionthanthoselｉvinginarｅaｓwｉｔhclｅanair.Groupsofcｈildrｅnattenｄingschｏoｌcampsshｏwfalｌsinlunｇfｕｎctiｏnｅｖenａｔqｕiｔelawconcｅntratｉｏnｓoｆｏzone.Tｈｅreisaｌsoarelａtionshipbetｗｅeｎozｏnｅlevｅｌsandｈoｓｐitaｌaｄmissionsfoｒａstｈma，ｂothｉｎNｏrｔhAmeriｃaandAustｒaliａ.hiｓｓｕspectｅdtｈatlong－termeｘｐｏsuretｏsmogmａｙresultinchronicbｒoncｈitｉｓ（支气管炎)andeｍphyｓｅｍa(肺气肿），ｂｕtｔｈishasyettobepｒoｖeｎ.RecentlyａｎassociaｔioｎhasbeenｆouｎdbetwｅentheleｖelsｏｆparticlｅsiｎtｈeaｉrａndｄｅａｔhｒatｅsinNｏrtｈAmericａncities.ＴｈeｒeasｏnforthisassｏｃiationisnotundeｒｓtoodａnｄaｓyettheｒｅisnoeviｄenｃｅthisｏccursinAustrａlia.Hｏwever,wedoｋnoｗthａｔhaｚyｄaysareaｓｓociaｔedwithmoreaｓthmaatｔａcksincｈｉldren.４9.WhichofｔhefollowｉnｇisNOTtｈereｓuｌtｏfｌaboratoryexｐeriｍents?A．Lowcｏncentｒaｔiｏｎs.B.Falｌiｎｌuｎgfunctｉｏｎ．C．Irｒitａｂiｌityofｔheｌungs．D.Aｉrwayinｆlammatｉon．５0.Irｒitａblｅaｎdinflamedluｎgsarealｓｏseeninpeoplewitｈ_＿__＿＿_.Ａ.astｈmaＢ.lｕngｄiｓeasesC．gｏoｄｈeａｌtｈD.weａkｈeａlth５1.WhichoｆｔhefolｌowinｇisNOＴmｅｎtionｅdaｓａpoｓsｉｂｌecaｕｓeoflungdｉｓeases?A.Theburningoｆcoal．B.Lonｇ-ｔerｍexｐoｓuretosｍｏｇ.C.Exｐosuretｏｎｉtrogeｎdioｘｉde.D.Atｔenｄinｇschoｏlcａmps．52．Tｈerelａtｉｏnshipbetweｅnｅxｐosureto_＿______ｈａsnotyetbeendetermｉｎed.A．ozoneandfalｌiｎlungｆunctiｏnB.ozoｎeandlungｄｉseａsesｓｕcｈａｓａsｔhmaＣ.nitrogendioxideandworseｌｕngfuｎctiｏnＤ.smogandｃhｒoniｃbronchitｉｓanｄemphｙseｍa53.Ｔheassoｃiａtｉonbetwｅen_＿__＿_＿_＿____ｈasnｏtyetbeenｆｏunｄinAｕstraｌｉa.A.ozoneleveｌｓａndhosｐiｔalａdｍissioｎsforａsthmaＢ．haｚydayｓandmｏreａsｔhmaattａcｋsｉnchｉldrenC．thｅlevｅlsofｐａrtｉｃlesintｈeaiｒanddeaｔhｒaｔeｓD．ｈighｌｅvelsoｆpolｌuｔioｎandmoｒeｓymptｏｍs54.Ｉnthelastｓentｅnｃeoftｈethirdparagraph,tｈewordsuspectedｃanbｅｂｅstreｐlａcedｂy＿＿___＿_＿____.A.dｏubｔfｕlＢ.sｕppoｓedＣ.susｐiciousD.ｓaｉdＰａsｓａgeFiveLｏｎgaｆｔeｒthe199８WorldCuｐwaswon,disａppointｅdfaｎswerestiｌlcursingｔhedｉspｕtedrefereeing(裁判)dｅｃiｓｉoｎsｔhatｄｅniedｖｉｃtoｒｙｔoｔhｅiｒtｅam.Aresearｃhｅｒwasａppointedtｏstudytheperformanceoｆｓomeｔopｒeｆerees．Tｈｅreseａrcherorganizｅｄaｎexｐｅrｉｍentａltｏｕrnament(锦标赛）involvｉｎgfoｕrｙoutｈteams．Eacｈmａｔchlastedanhouｒ,ｏthreeperiodsof２０mｉnutesdｕrｉngwhｉｃhdifferenｔｒeferｅesweｒeinｃｈaｒgｅ．Oｂseｒversnｏteｄdoｗｎｔiｌereferｅeserrors,ofwhichthereweｒe6１oｖerｔheｔourｎａｍent．Conveｒtedtoａstanｄarｄmatcｈｏf90minutes,eachｒefereemａｄeａlmost２3miｓtａkesａｒｅmarkａｂlyhｉghnｕｍber.Tｈeｒesearｃherｔheｎsｔｕdｉeｄthｅviｄeotａpestoanalysetｈemａtｃhesindｅｔail.Suｒprisingly,heｆｏuｎｄｔhaterｒoｒsｗeremｏrelikｅlywｈｅntｈerefereｅswerecｌosｅtotｈｅｉncident.Ｗhentheofｆiciaｌｓgotitright,theｙwｅre,oｎａｖerａｇｅ，17ｍetersａｗayｆｒoｍtheａctｉoｎ．Theavｅraｇediｓtanceｉntｈeｃaｓｅoferｒorswas１2meterｓ.Theｒeseａrchshｏwsthｅoptiｍｕm(最佳的）diｓｔanceisabｏut２0meters.Ｔherealsoseemeｄｔoｂeanoptimｕmspｅed．Cｏrrｅctｄecisiｏnsｃａmewhentｈｅrｅferｅesmovingaｔaspeeｄoｆaｂout2meterｓpersｅｃoｎd.Ｔheaveragｅｓpeedｆorerroｒswas４metersｐｅrｓｅcond.IfFIFA,football'siｎtｅrnａtｉonalｒuｌｉngbody,ｗanｔstoｉmprovethesｔａndａrdofrefｅｒeeiｎgａttｈeneｘtWｏrlｄCｕp，itshouldencｏuｒagｅrefereestoｋｅeptheireｙｅsｏntheaｃtioｎfｒomａdisｔancｅ,ratherthａnｒushｉngtｏkeel')uｐwｉtｈtheball,ｔｈeresearchｅrargueｓ．HｅaｌｓosaｙｓｔｈatFIＦA'ｓinsiｓtencethａｔreferｅｅsshｏuldretireatage35mａｙbemisgｕided．Ifｋｅeｐiｎgupwitｈtheaｃtｉonisnotsoｉmportant,thｅirpｈysｉcalｃoｎｄitiｏｎislesscｒitｉcal.５５.TｈeexｐerimentcondｕｃtedｂyｔhereseaｒcheｒｗasmeanｔtｏA.ｒeviewthｅdecｉsionsoｆrefｅreesaｔｔhe1998WorlｄＣｕｐB.analｙsｅtｈeｃausｅsofｅrｒorｓmadｅbｙｆｏotbａllreｆereｅsC．seｔastaｎdardforfｏoｔbａllreｆereeiｎｇＤ．reexamｉnetheruｌeｓfｏrfootbａllrefｅｒeeing＿_____＿____．５6.TheｎuｍbeｒｏfreｆereeiｎｇerrｏｒｓintheｅｘperiｍeｎtalmａtchesｗasA.sｌightlyaboveaveｒageB.hiｇheｒｔhaninthｅ19９8ＷorldCｕｐC.qｕiteunexpeｃtｅdD.aｓhighａｓiｎastaｎdardmatｃｈ5７．Ｔheｆiｎｄinｇｓoｆthｅeｘperiｍentｓhowthat__＿__＿_____.Ａ．errｏrｓaｒemorｅlikelyｗｈenarｅferｅekeeｐｓcloseｔothｅbalｌB.thｅfaｒｔｈerthｅrｅferｅeisｆromtｈeinciｄent，thｅfewertheerrｏrsC.themoresloｗlytｈeｒeｆereerｕns,tｈeｍorelikｅｌyｅrroｒｓwillｏcｃurD.errorsａｒelessｌikｅlyｗheｎaｒefereestaysinｏnｅsｐｏt58.Theｗord"oｆｆicials"（Lｉne3,Paｒa．4)ｍostpｒobａｂｌｙrefeｒsto__＿＿＿___＿_＿．Ａ.ｔhereseａrcheｒsinｖolvedｉntheexperimentＢ．thｅinsｐeｃtorsｏftｈeｆｏotballtourｎamｅnｔC.therefereeｓofthefootballtouｒnaｍenｔD.thｅoｂserｖeｒsatthesiｔｅoｆthｅexperimeｎt５9.Whatisoｎｅoｆthepoｓsibleconｃｌusiｏnｓoftheｅｘpｅrｉment?A.Theiｄｅalretｉrementａｇｅｆoranｅxｐｅrｉeｎcｅdｆootbａｌｌrｅfｅｒeeiｓ35.Ｂ.Ａgeshouｌdnotｂeｔhechiｅｆconｓiｄerationｉncｈoosｉngafoｏtｂallｒeｆｅree．C．Aｆootbaｌｌrｅfeｒｅeshoｕldbeasｙｏｕngandeneｒgeｔicaspossｉble.D.Aneｘpeｒienceｄfｏoｔbａlｌrｅferｅecaｎdoｗellevenwhｅninｐooｒphｙsicalconditiｏn．60.Ｉnｔhｅlａsｔｐａragraph,theword"misｇuideｄ"canｂebeｓtrｅplａceｄbｙ＿__＿_＿____＿.A.ｗｒｏngＢ.mｉsuｎdeｒsｔｏodC.misｌeｄD.coｎfusedPartⅣClｏzeTest(１5minｕtes,15ｐｏintｓ)Dｉrectionｓ:Inｔhｉｓpart,ｔheｒeisapaｓsagewith１5blａｎks.Ｆoｒeachblanktｈeｒeare4cｈoicesｍarkｅｄA，B，CandD.Chｏosethebestanｓweｒforeａchｂlankａndmａrkｔhｅｃorreｓponｄｉnｇｌetterwithａsｉｎglebaracｒoｓｓthｅsquarebracｋetsonyｏｕrmachine-ｓcｏringANSWＥRSHＥET．Humaｎbeｉｎgsａreａnimaｌs.Ｗebｒeathe,eａtanddiｇesｔ,anｄrｅprｏｄｕcｅtｈｅsａmelｉｆe61cｏmｍontoａllａnｉmaｌs.Ｉnａbｉｏlｏgiｃａｌlａbｏratorｙ,rats，moｎkｅyｓ,andhumansｓeｅｍvｅrｙｍucｈtｈesamｅ．Howevｅr,ｂioｌｏgｉcalundｅｒstａndｉngｉsnｏteｎough:62ｉtseｌf,ｉtcannevｅrteｌｌuswhatｈumａｎbeingsａrｅ.6３ｔoｏurphｙsicaleqｕipｍent—ｔhenakedhumanbodｙ—ｗearｅｎｏtａｎ64aｎｉmaｌ．Wｅaretrｏｐｉcalcｒeaturｅｓ,6５hairlessaｎdsenｓitｉvetocｏld．Wｅaｒenotfastaｎｄｈavｅｎｅitｈeｒｃｌawｓｎorsharpteethtodeｆendｏursｅlves.Weneeｄalｏtoffｏodbuｔhavｅaｌmoｓｔｎophysicalｅquiｐmeｎttohelpusgetｉt.Ｉnthepurelyphysicａl66,ｏurspｅcｉessｅｅmsapｏor６７foｒｓurvival.Butwehavesurvivｅd—ｓuｒviveｄandmultipliedand68theｅarｔh.Ｓomｅdａywewiｌlhaｖeａ69liviｎｇｏnthemｏon,apｌacｅwitｈneitheｒaiｒnorwateranｄwithteｍｐeraｔｕrｅsｔｈatturngａseｓintｏsolidｓ.Hoｗcaｎwehａvedｏnealｌthesethingｓ?Ｐａrtofｔhｅansｗerｉsphyｓicａｌ.70ｉtｓlｉmitaｔions,oｕrｐhｙsiｃａlｅqｕｉpmenthａssｏme