Hansel and Gretel 汉泽尔与格蕾太尔

ContentRead"HanselandGretel"ThecharactersAnnotationRead"HanselandGretel"

ThecharactersThestepmother:

controllingselfish,evil

and

rejecttheirstepchildren.

Whenthereisnotenoughfoodormoneyforthewholefamilytosurvive,thestepmotherinthisstoryorderstheirfathertotakethechildrentothedepthsoftheforestandleavethem.Whenthefatherresists,shemocks嘲笑,戏弄himandconvinceshimthatbykeepingthechildrenallfourwouldsoon'perish.Herpersonalityofthestepmotherisclearlyobservable.

TheWicked

Witch:isphysically"wizened,veryold,andbentfromheryears...Withunkindorcrueloruncivil

orevilfeatures...andpooreyesight"

oldwomen

oftenliveinisolatedconditionsandhavelittlecontactwithchildren.Childrentendtofearwhattheydon'tunderstand,andnaturallyportrayoldwomenasafearobjects--witchesVictimizationofChildren:

Women‘sportrayalsoftenperpetuate[pə(:)’petjueit]使永存,使不朽anotherstereotypeoffairytales,namelythe

victimizationofchildren.

HanselandGretelbeginsbyportrayingwomenaspassiveobjects.PassiveversusActiveRolesFirstofall,Gretelisalwaysportrayedastheyoungersister.Theyoungertendstoneedmorecareandiswillingtoacceptguidanceandordersfromherelders.Herpassivityisfurtherdemonstratedwhensheiscommandedbythewitchtocookfoodtofattenupherbrother.PassiveversusActiveRolesHowever,unlikemanyfairytales,HanselandGretelchangesbytheendtoshowtheheroicsideoffemaleroles.ThischangeoccurswhenGretelrealizesthatbothhersurvivalandthatofherbrotherliessolelyinherhands.AndinfactHanselneverregainsthedominantrole.

"withawildimpulseanddemonicstrengththeterrifiedgirlpushedandactuallycrowdedherintotheoven"ThefirstpositiveaspectofthisactionisthatGretelisportrayedasclever.Shecreatestheideaofpushingthewitchin,andtricksherintobendingdown.

Herheroicsalsodemonstrateherphysicalstrength.SheshowsHanselwheretherewerechests"overflowingwithpearlsandotherjewels“Onthewayhome,Greteltakesactionandasksaducktoleadthemontheirjourneyhome.Annotation1．Theforest:Theforestisarecurrent重覆的imageinGermanfairytales,inpartbecauseoveraquarterofthecountryiscomprisedofforestland.IntheGrimms'tales,theforestisasupernaturalworld,aplacewhereanythingcanhappenandoftendoes.AccordingtoJungianpsychology,theforestisarepresentationofthefeminineprincipleandisidentifiedwiththeunconscious没意识到.Theforestsymbolizesthedangeroussideoftheunconscious,itsabilitytodestroyeverything.2.

Woodcutter:

Woodcutterwasoneofthelowliest,leastpayingjobs.Thefamilyisultimatelyvic‘torious最终胜利overpovertyandthewitch--wholikethericherandhigherclasses--hasmorethanenoughstorageoffoodandtreasurethatcouldbesharedtolessen减轻

thesufferingofthelowerclasses.The"hatredwhichthepeasantryfeltforthearistocracyashoarders囤积者andoppressors"isrepresentedbythekillingofthewitch(Zipes1979).AnnotationAnnotation6.

Bread:

Breadplaysanimportantroleinthisstory.Itappearsinmanyformswithseveralmetaphoricmeanings.Breadisthefoodofthepoor.Itisalsoseenasthemostbasiclife-sustainingfood(Matthews1962).Thestruggletoprovidebreadforthechildrenillustratesthefamily'spovertyandquestforbasicsurvival.Annotation7.

Beridofthem:

MariaTatarstatesthatinpoverty-strickenfamilieschildabandonmentandinfanticide杀婴werenotunknownpracticesevenuptothetimewhentheGrimmswerecollectingtheirstoriesintheearly1800s(Tatar1987).Manypsychologistsconsiderthistaletobeaboutchildren'sfearofabandonmentandtheiroralgreed.Childrenhaveafearofabandonmentbytheirparents.Annotation8.

Aloneinthewood:

JuliusHeusherstatesthatthewoodsrepresentthelossofsecurityandpreviousvalues(Heuscher1974).

10.

Husband:

Thefather/husband'sroleinthetaleisaninterestingone.Whilethefatherisusuallythebirthfatherofthechildren,hehasdifferentlevelsofresponsibilityfortheabandonmentacrossversionsofthetale.Thetextualhintthatthewife'swisheswillwinoverthechildren'ssafetycomesfromthewordchoiceof"husband"over"father"todescribetheman'sprimaryrole.Annotation12.

Step-mother:

Theimageoftheevilstepmotheroccursfrequentlyinfairytales.Sheisassociatedwithjealousyandcruelty(Olderr1986).Thestepmotherfigureisactuallytwosided,inthatwhileshehasdestructiveintentions,heractionsoftenleadtherolesintosituationsthatidentifyandstrengthenhisorherbestqualities.ThestepmotherisaconventionaddedbytheGrimmsintheirsuccessiveeditionsofthetaleofHanselandGretel.Annotation13.

I'llbeabletofindawaytoescape,nofear:Hanseltakestheleaderroleatthebeginningofthetale,comfortinghissisterandworkingtosavetheirlives.HeisthedominantcharacterwhileGretelfollowshim.Later,Gretelwillbecometheleaderbykillingthewitchandfindingawayhomeacrossalake.Gretel'sgrowththroughadversity不幸isaninterestingprogressionthroughthestory.Annotation15.

Whitepebbles:

Pebblessymbolizejustice.InancientGreece,avotewithawhitepebbleindicatedthatthevoterthoughtthesuspectwasnotguilty.Whitepebbleshavealsobeenusedasgravesitegiftstoensurerebirthofthespirit.Thepebblesrepresentthechildren'srigidity顽固,不变性andtheirrefusaltochangeAnnotation16.

Godwillnotdesertus:

thereligiousthemesinthetaleasrepresentingthecultureinwhichitwascreatedorally.Heassumesthatthereligiousaspectsareincludedsincereligionwasacentraltodailylifewhenthestorywasfirstcreated(Bettelheim1976).Itisalsoimportanttonotethatsincetheirearthlyfatherhasabandonedthem,theGrimmshavethechildrenturntoGodtheFathertosavethem(Zipes1997).Annotation19.

Kitten:Catsareassociatedwiththefeminine(vonFranz1970).Inthisinstance,thecatontheroofmayrepresentthedeadbiologicalmother,especiallysincethekittenwasaddedbytheGrimmswhochangedthemotherintoastepmother.JuliusHeuscherbelievesthatthekittenrepresentsthechildren'sneedtostayclosetohomeAnnotation20.

White:

Whitesymbolizeslight,innocenceandpurity(Matthews1986).Whiteisalsoassociatedwithfaithandpeace.Itisarecurring重现colorinthisversionofthetaleandisfrequentlymentioned.Withtheexceptionofthewitch'sredeyes,itistheonlycolormentioned.

21.

Fire:

Fireisassociatedwithlife,warmthandspirit.Insometraditionsitisalsothe"bringerofconsoling可安慰的thoughts,driverawayofevilterrors"Annotation25.

Naughtychildren:

Notethestepmother'sdefensemechanismofblamingthechildrenfortheirabsencetoavoidherownincrimination控告.Thestepmotheriscontinuallyabusiveinherlanguagetowardsthechildren,callingthemnaughty,donkeys,fools,andlie-abeds在床上.TheGrimmsaddedmostofthislanguagetointensifyhernastycharacter.Annotation26.

Ifamanyieldsoncehe'sdonefor,andso,becausehehadgiveninthefirsttime,hewasforcedtodosothesecond:Thissentenceshowsaman'sroleinhishome.Onceagain,theirpatri'archal家长的viewisemphasizedinthestory.29.

Pigeon:Sincepigeonsareoftendomesticatedbirds,theyareassociatedwiththedesiretoreturnhomeindreaminterpretations.Pigeonsareconsidereddeathomensinsomesuperstitions."Astrangepigeon,especiallyifwhite,alighting落,下onthehouseorflyinginfrontofoneindicatesdeath."Annotation30.

Birds:

Birdsarepredominantthroughoutthisstory.Theykeepthechildrentrappedinthewoodsbyeatingthebreadcrumbs.Abirdleadsthechildrentothewitch'shouse.Abirdalsoprovidesthefinalmeansoftheirescapebyhelpingthemcrossthewater(Tatar2002).Abirdcansymbolizeair,wind,time,immor’tality不朽,thefemaleprinciple,aspiration渴望,prophecy预言能力,love,andfreedom.Annotation31.

Third:

Threesymbolizeshopeandresolutionofconflict.Itisgenerallyafavorablenumber(Olderr1986).Threeisapopularnumberinfairytales,usuallyofferingchangeorresolutioninthethirdinstanceofacertaineventorseriesofactions.Sinceitisthethirdmorninginthestory,weknowthatHanselandGretelareabouttohaveanewexperience.Annotation32.

Snow-whitebird:

Followingananimalinaforestandbeingledtoaconfrontation面对面withanevilbeingoccursinothertales(vonFranz1970).Becausethebirdrepresentssalvation拯救,joy,andpeacethroughitscolor,thechildrenaresupposedtomeetthewitchwithpositiveresults.Theencounterisfortheirgood(Dieckmann1986).Annotation33.

Cottagewasmadeofbreadandroofedwithcakes,whilethewindowwasmadeoftransparentsugar:Germany'srichtraditionofcreatinggingerbreadhousesandotheritemshascausedthehousetobedescribedasgingerbreadinfollowingrewritingsandtellings.Cakeisthefoodoftherich,asymboloffeastingandplenty(Olderr1986).Inalandwherebreadisapreciousfood,cakewouldbealuxurybeyondthechildren'simaginations.Sugarwouldalsobeapreciouscommodityintimeoffamine,especiallyappealingtochildrenwiththeirreputationforsweettooths.Thewitch'scottageisoneofthemorepopularelementsinillustrationsofthetale.Annotation35.

"Nibble,nibble,littlemouse,/Who'snibblingmyhouse?":

Notethewoman'sgentlewordsdespiteHanselandGretel'swantondestructionofherhouse.Thechildrenareliterallyeatingheroutofhouseandhome,butsheisnotupset.SheonlybecomesoffensivelateraftershehaslockedupHanselandissureofherprey.Annotation41.

Aregularfeast-day:Afeast-dayisadaydesignatedforfeastingusuallyassociatedwithareligiousholidayorfestival.FeastdaysareoftenassociatedwiththeRomanandAnglicanchurches.42.

Redeyes,andcannotseefar:Redeyesareanimageassociatedwithsorrowandwithdemonicfury.Eyesightisassociatedwithmentalperception知觉,indicatingthatthewitch'spooreyesightmeanspoorreasoningability,whichallowsHanselandGreteltobesther.TheGrimmsaresettingupthecircumstancesforHanselandGretel'sescapefromthewitchAnnotation44.

Whenhe'sfatI'lleathimup:Fatonanimalmeatisconsideredtoaddflavorandtendernesstothemeat.Leanmeatisconsideredtoughandlessofadelicacyincookingcircles.50.

Irondoor:Superstition迷信haslongcreditedironwiththepowerofdrivingawaywitchesandevilspirits(Waring1978).Lockingthewitchbehindtheoven'sirondoorperhapspreventsherfromescaping.Annotation51.

Perishmiserably:

Burningoccursofteninfairytales.Itissymbolicofpurification(Matthews1986).Thewitchbeingburntcanalsorepresentevildestroyingitself(Luthi1976).54.

Lake:

Thecrossingofthewatertobeajourneytoahigherlevelofexistenceforthechildren.Hefindsthecrossingtobesimilartotherite典礼ofpassagerepresentedinbaptism洗礼orotherrituals宗教仪式associatedwithnewbeginnings.Waterisasymbolofthefeminineandoftheunconciousinpsychoanalysis(Matthews1986).Annotation55.

Whiteduck:AccordingtoDiannRusch-Feja,theduckrepresentsamaternalreplacementsinceitrepresentsafeminineaspectinGermanictraditionalongwithswansandgeese(Rusch-Feja1995).Theduckrescuesthechildrenwhentheirownmotherfiguresfailthem.Theduckisasignoffi’delity忠诚andoffreedomfromworry(Olderr1986).The“helpfulanimal”isafairlycommonfairytalemotif主题.Annotation56.

Carryusacrossseparately:Gretelappearstohaveachievedanewmaturitywithherdefeatofthewitch.ShenolongerneedstoholdHansel‘shand,butcancrossthelakeseparatefromhim.Thisalsoshowsthatsheisthinkingbeyondherownneedsandconsideringtheabilitiesofsomeone--orsomething--else.Shedoeswanttooverburdentheduck,acompassionate有同情心的thoughtwhenshehashadfewpreviously.

Annotation57.

Thewomanhaddied:

Thestepmoth