宾语从句、状语从句

每日一句：

Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.

事实胜于雄辩。宾语从句注意！宾语从句小口诀：宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词；主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制；主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时；陈述句转化that引，一般疑问句用if/whether,特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。（一） 宾语从句的种类

宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。1.由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：Hesaid(that)hewantedtostayathome.Shedoesn’tknow(that)sheisseriouslyill.Iamsure(that)hewillsucceed.2.由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,why,how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：Doyouknowwho(whom)theyarewaitingfor?Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebest.3.由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如：Iwanttoknowif(whether)helivesthere.Heaskedmewhether(if)Icouldhelphim.（二）宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如：Ihear(that)physicsisn’teasy.Ithink(that)youwilllikethisschoolsoon.CanyoutellmehowIcangettozoo?Pleasetellmewhenwe’llhavethemeeting.（三）宾语从句的时态1.如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。如：Idon’tthink(that)youareright.Pleasetelluswhereheis.CanyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystation?2.如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：Heaskedwhattimeitwas.Hetoldmethathewaspreparingforthesportsmeeting.HeaskedifyouhadwrittentoPeter.3.如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。例如：OurteachersaidthatJanuaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.Scientistshaveprovedthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.1.—Excuseme.Couldyoutellme_____IcangettotheSpaceMuseum?--Ofcourse.YoucantakebusNo.1.A.where

B.how

C.if

D.why答案：B2.YourT-shirtissocool.Couldyoutellme________?

A.whereyoubuyit B.wheredoyoubuyit

C.whereyouboughtit

D.wheredidyoubuyit答案：C3.-Tommy,doyouknowifFrank___tothezoothisSundayifit____?-Sorry,Ihavenoidea.A.willgo;isfineB.goes;isfineC.willgo;isgoingtobefineD.goes;willbefine【解析】选A。题意“汤姆，如果天气好的话，你知道弗兰克这个星期六将去动物园吗？”可知第一个空是宾语从句，用一般将来时，第二个空是条件状语从句要用一般现在时，故排除B、C、D选A。4.Noonecanbesure_________inamillionyears.

A.whatmanlookslikeB.whatwillmanlooklike

C.whatmanlookedlikeD.whatmanwilllooklike【解析】选D。从语序方面先排除B，另结合时间状语inamillionyears可知要用一般将来时，5.Suetoldmethatshe_________shoppingwithhersisterthenextday.A.willgo B.wouldgo C.goes D.hasgone

【解析】选B。结合主句中的told和从句中的thenextday可知要用过去将来时，故排除A、C、D三项6.---Couldyoutellme_________lastnight?---Er,IwaswatchingEuro2004athome.

A.whatyouweredoingB.whatwereyoudoing

C.whatyouaredoingD.whatareyoudoing

【解析】选A。从句应该用陈述语序，故排除B、D，再由lastnight可推出正确答案为A.1.李明说他对玩电脑游戏感兴趣。LiMingsays__________interestedinplayingcomputergames.答案：heis2.我认为玛丽不回来了。Idon’tthinkMary____________.答案：willcome3.山姆给我说他准备去上海。Samtoldmethathe______________forShanghai.答案：wasleaving5.父亲说他买了一台新电脑。Fathersaidthathe________________anewcomputer.答案：hadbought6.我想知道今天晚上还有没有去北京的火车。Iwanttoknow_________thereisatraintoBeijing.答案：if(whether)状语从句

状语从句用来修饰主句中的动词，副词和形容词的从句叫状语从句。根据其含义状语从句可分为时间状语从句，地点状语从句，条件状语从句，原因状语从句，结果状语从句，比较状语从句，目的状语从句，让步状语从句。1.时间状语从句(1)时间状语从句常用when,as,while,before,after,since,till,until,assoonas等连词来引导。例如：Itwasraininghard（rainhard下大雨）whengottoschoolyesterday.(2)在时间状语从句里，通常不用将来时态，用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如：I’llringyouupassoonasIgettoNewYork.2.条件状语从句(1)条件状语从句通常由if,unless引导。例如：Whatshallwedoifitsnowstomorrow?(2)在条件状语从句里，谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如：I’llhelpyouwithyourEnglishifIamfreetomorrow.(3)“祈使句+and(or)+陈述句”在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。例如：Hurryup,oryou’llbelate.=Ifyoudon’thurryup,you’llbelate.3.原因状语从句(1)原因状语从句通常由because,since,as引导。例如：Hedidn’tcometoschoolbecausehewasill.(2)because表示直接原因，语气最强。As和since语气较弱，一般用来表示明显的原因。由as和since引导的原因状语从居多放在句首。例如：------Whyaren’tgoingthere?------BecauseIdon’twantto.Ashehasnocar,hecan’tgetthereeasily.Sincewehavenomoney,wecan’tbuyit.(3)because和so不能同用在一个句子里。4.结果状语从句(1)结果状语从句由so…that,such…that,sothat引导。例如：Heissopoorthathecan’tbuyabikeforhisson.(2)so…that语such...that有时上述两种结构是可以互换的。例如：Itwassuchawonderfulfilmthatallofuswantedtoseeitagain.=Thefilmwassowonderfulthatallofuswantedtoseeitagain.（3）如果名词前由many,much,little,few等词修饰时，只能用so,不用such。例如：Soonthereweresomanydeerthattheyateupallthewildroses.5.比较状语从句比较状语从句通常由as…as,比较级+than…等连词引导。例如：TomrunsfasterthanJohndoes.Thisclassroomisasbigasthatone.6.目的状语从句(1)目的状语从句通常由sothat,inorderthat（为了，以便）引导。例如：Westartedearlysothatwecouldcatchthefirsttrain.(2)sothat既可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句。区别这两种从句的办法有两个：1)目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词can,could,may,might等。2)从意思上看，目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确。例如：Speakclearlysothat（以便）theymayunderstandyou.(目的状语从句)Jackisbadlyillsothat（所以）hehastorest.(结果状语从句)7.让步状语从句(1)让步状语从句通常由although,though等连词引导。例如：Thoughheisyoung,heknowsalot.8.地点状语从句地点状语从句常常由where来引导。例如：Gowhereyoulike.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.（有志者，事竟成）总结：状语从句分类及常用连词：类别连词时间状语从句when,whenever,while,as,before,after,since,till,once（一旦）地点状语从句where,wherever原因状语从句because,since,as,for,nowthat（既然，由于）etc.（etc，等于andsoon）目的状语从句inorderthat(为了，以便),sothat,that,etc.结果状语从句so…that,sothat,such…that,that,etc.条件状语从句if,unless,as(so)longas,etc.让步状语从句though,although,evenif,eventhough,however,whatever,as,etc.比较状语从句as…as,so…as,than,etc.方式状语从句as,asif,asthough,etc.1._______he’sold,hecanstillcarrythisheavybag.A.ThoughB.SinceC.ForD.So答案：A2.---Doyouknowifhe_______toplaybasketballwithus?---Ithinkhewillcomeifhe______freetomorrow.A.comes;isB.comes;willbeC.willcome;isD.willcome;willbe答案：C3.Hetookoffhiscoat_______hefelthot.A.becauseB.asC.ifD.since答案：A4.Itis______thatwe’dliketogooutforawalk.A.alovelydayB.toolovelyadayC.solovelyadayD.suchlovelyaday答案：C5.Maryhad______muchworktodothatshestayedatherofficeallday.A.suchB.soC.tooD.very答案：B6._______Ifeltverytired,Itriedtofinishthework.A.Although

B.Because

C.As

D.Asif答案：A二.根据中文意思完成下列英语句子1.不管他跟我开什么玩笑，我都不生气。Iamnotangrywithhim,________________jokeshe______onme.

答案：nomatterwhat;plays2.布鲁斯太太对学生非常亲切，以至于学生把她当做母亲。MrsBrucewas_______kindtoherstudents______they______her_____theirmother.答案：so;that;regarded;as3.只要我们竭尽全力，父母就会满意我们的表现。Ourparentswillbepleasedwithourperformance________________wetryourbest.

答案：asl