初中英语句子成分分析

句子成分主语谓语宾语宾语补足语表语定语状语主语：是说明人或物，是句子的主体，一般放在句首。名词、代词、数词常在句中作主语。此外，动名词，动词不定式也可以作主语。例子：1）Mr.Chenisawell-knownscientist.(名词)2）Hereadsnewspaperseveryday.(代词)3）Twoandsixiseight.(数词)4）Smokingisharmfultothehealth.(动名词)5）ToswiminKunmingLakeisagreatpleasure.(不定式)6）Whatweshalldoisnotdecided.(从句)谓语：说明主语的动作和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后1）Thenewtermbeginsonthe1stofSeptember(实义动词）2）Herfatherisanengineer.(系动词)3）Itsmellsgreat.(?)宾语：指动作所涉及的人或事物，一般放在及物动词或介词之后。介词后面的名词或代词称为介词宾语。名词、代词、数词或相当于名词的词组或句子常用作动词宾语或介词宾语。此外动词不定式可用作动词宾语，动名词和宾语从句也可以用作动词宾语或介词宾语如：Hewrotemanyplays.他写了许多剧本。Shelovesswimming.她喜欢游泳。Shelooksathermother.她看着她妈妈。YouknowwhatIwant.你知道我要什么。宾语补足语：用来对宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征的成分称为宾语补语，一般由名词、形容词、介词短语及动词不定式、分词等充当。Hetoldustostay.

他叫我们留下。I’veneverseenherdancing.

我从未看见过她跳舞。Ifounditdifficulttorefusehim.我感到很难拒绝他。Thenewsmakeherhappy.消息让她开心。表语：表示主语的身份、性质、状态和特征，一般由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式、动名词、分词和表语从句或相当于名词、形容词的词、短语或句子充当，位于连系动词之后，与连系动词一起构成句子的谓语Becareful!小心!Helooksveryangry.他看上去很生气。Hisjobislookingaftersheep.他的任务是看羊。定语：对名词或代词进行修饰、限制或说明名词或代词的成分是定语。单词作定语时，通常放在他所修饰的名词之前，但在修饰复合不定代词（如：nothing，anything，everything，something等）时，则放在这些不定代词之后。短语和从句作定语时，也放在被修饰的名词之后。一般由形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语、副词、非谓语动词、动词不定式、分词和定语从句及句子等充当。It’saninterestingstory.那是一个有趣的故事。Doyouhavetimetohelpus?你有时间帮助我们吗?Whoisthewomancrying?正在哭的女人是谁?Sheisagirlwholovesflowers.她是个爱花的女孩。ThisisabookIboughtyesterday.这是我昨天买的书。状语：用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、短语或整个句子等的成分是状语，修饰形容词的状语通常放在它所修饰的形容词之前，修饰动词的状语通常放在动词之后。但有些副词（如：always，often等）作状语时，则放在行为动词之前。一般由副词、介词短语、非谓语动词短语、名词词组、动词不定式短语、分词短语或状语从句充当。如WelikeEnglishverymuch.我们非常喜欢英语。HerunclelivesinCanada.她叔叔住在加拿大。Maryrunsquickly.玛丽跑得很快。WhenIwin,Iwilljumpupanddown.(时间状语从句)Ifyouaresick,youmustgotoseeadoctor.（地点状语从句）详见课本P112和P113.同位语若两个语法单位指同一个人或事物，并且，句法功能也一样，那么，后一项称为前一项的同位语。ThisismyfriendHarry.这是我的朋友哈利。Westudentsshouldstudyhard.我们学生应该努力学习。Theboy,calledJack,wasbornin1999.叫杰克的男孩1999年出生。如何确定一个单词在句子中的词类和成分？

在英语中，一个单词往往属于几种词类，因而词义和在句中的作用也就有所不同。在英译汉时，如何正确理解某词的词类、词义和作用;在汉译英时，如何正确使用某词表达某义，除了必要时查阅词典外，更重要的是要掌握正确的分析方法。----应根据一个词在句中的位置、与其他词的关系以及在句中的作用来确定其词类、词义和在句中的成分。(一).

指出下列句中主语的中心词

(4分，4分钟)

①

The

teacher

with

two

of

his

students

is

walking

into

the

classroom.

②

There

is

an

old

man

coming

here.

③

The

useful

dictionary

was

given

by

my

mother

last

year.

④

To

do

today's

homework

without

the

teacher's

help

is

very

difficult.

(二).

选出句中谓语的中心词

(10分，10分钟)

①

I

don't

like

the

picture

on

the

wall.

A.

don't

B.

like

C.

picture

D.

wall

②

The

days

get

longer

and

longer

when

summer

comes.

A.

get

B.

longer

C.

days

D.

summer

③

Do

you

usually

go

to

school

by

bus?

A.

Do

B.

usually

C.

go

D.

bus

④

There

will

be

a

meeting

at

the

library

this

afternoon.

A.

will

be

B.

meeting

C.

the

library

D.

afternoon

⑤

Did

the

twins

have

porridge

for

their

breakfast?

A.

Did

B.

twins

C.

have

D.

breakfast

⑥

Tom

didn't

do

his

homework

yesterday.

A.

Tom

B.

didn't

C.

do

D.

his

homework

⑦

What

I

want

to

tell

you

is

this.

A.

want

B.

to

tell

C.

you

D.

is

⑧

We

had

better

send

for

a

doctor.

A.

We

B.

had

C.

send

D.

doctor

⑨

He

is

interested

in

music.

A.

is

B.

interested

C.

in

D.

music

⑩

Whom

did

you

give

my

book

to?

A.

give

B.

did

C.

whom

D.

book

三)

挑出下列句中的宾语（10分，10分钟）

①

My

brother

hasn't

done

his

homework.

A

B

C

D

②

People

all

over

the

world

speak

English.

A

B

C

D

③

You

must

pay

good

attention

to

your

pronunciation.

A

B

C

D

④

How

many

new

words

did

you

learn

last

class?

A

B

C

D

⑤

Some

of

the

students

in

the

school

want

to

go

swimming,

how

about

you?

A

B

C

D

⑥

The

old

man

sitting

at

the

gate

said

he

was

ill.

A

B

C

D

⑦

They

made

him

monitor

of

the

class.

A

B

C

D

⑧

Go

across

the

bridge

and

you

will

find

the

museum

on

the

left.

A

B

C

D

⑨

You

will

find

it

useful

after

you

leave

school.

A

B

C

D

⑩

They

didn't

know

who

"Father

Christmas"

really

is.

A

B

C

D

((四)

挑出下列句中的表语

(5分，5分钟)

①

The

old

man

was

feeling

very

tired.

A

B

C

D

②

Why

is

he

worried

about

Jim?

A

B

C

D

③

The

leaves

have

turned

yellow.

A

B

C

D

④

Soon

They

all

became

interested

in

the

subject.

A

B

C

D

⑤

She

was

the

first

to

learn

about

it.

A

B

C

D

(五)

挑出下列句中的定语

(6分，6分钟)

①

They

use

Mr.

Mrs.

with

the

family

name.

②

What

is

your

given

name?

③

On

the

third

lap

are

Class

1

and

Class

3.

④

I

am

afraid

some

people

forgot

to

sweep

the

floor.

⑤

The

man

downstairs

was

trying

to

sleep.

⑥

I

am

waiting

for

the

sound

of

the

other

shoe!

(六)

挑出下列句中的宾语补足语

(6分，6分钟)

①

She

likes

the

children

to

read

newspapers

and

books

in

the

reading-room.

D

②

He

asked

her

to

take

the

boy

out

of

school.

③

She

found

it

difficult

to

do

the

work.

④

They

call

me

Lily

sometimes.

⑤

I

saw

Mr.

Wang

get

on

the

bus.

⑥

Did

you

see

Li

Ming

playing

football

on

the

playground

just

now?

(七)

挑出下列句中的状语（8分，

8分钟）

①

There

was

a

big

smile