中考英语语法总复习-非谓语动词：动词不定式 动名词 讲与练

非谓语动词：动词不定式+动名词讲与练（含答案）中考英语语法总复习基本概念在英语中，不作句子谓语，但仍具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分类不定式（todosth）；动名词（v-ing）；现在分词（doing）；过去分词（done）；初中阶段需要掌握的主要是动名词和不定式的固定搭配，及现在分词和过去分词的用法差别。非谓语动词用法：动词不定式（todo）的用法：1.作主语：TolearnEnglishwellisimportant.Toeatvegetablescanhelpuskeephealthy.△动词不定式作主语时，可以用动名词替换。LearningEnglishisimportant.Eatingvegetablescanhelpuskeephealthy.△动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面。It’simportanttolearnEnglish.Itcanhelpuskeephealthytoeatvegetables.2.作表语：MyjobistoteachEnglish./Hishobbyistocollectstamps.3.作宾语：(1).动词不定式常用作及物动词的宾语，这些动词有：want=wouldlike(想要),learn,

teach,makeupone’smind=decide=determine(决定做),hope,wish,agree,

afford(负担得起),try(do)one’sbest(尽力),takeactions(采取行动),plan,expect,manage（设法）,fail,offer(主动提出),promise,refuse（拒绝）,pretend(假装),prepare,fear,demand/need(要求，需要),arrange(安排),haveability(有能力)。Hewantstogohomeatonce.IbegantoplaythepianowhenIwasfour.4.作宾语补足语：(1).动词不定式还可用作双宾的形式，这些动词有want=wouldlike(想要),task/tell/

teach/warn(警告)/wish/

need=require=request(需要，要求)/expect/wish/

order

=instruct=comand(命令，指示)/encourage/allow

=permit(允许)/

invite/

enable

/force

/advise(建议)/beg(求)/bear(忍受)/drive(驱使)/cause(致使，引起)/persuade(说服)sb.

(not)to

do

sth.Lucyaskedhimtoturndowntheradio.Mothertoldmenottocomehomelate.I’dlikeyoutomeetmyfamily.批注：advisesb.todosth./suggest(that)sb.(should)dosth.(虚拟语气)△使役动词make,let,have后的宾语补足语，其不定式的to要省略。而help后的不定式可以带to，也可以不带to。但是改成被动语态时，要加“to”:make/let/havesb.dosth./helpsb.(to)dosth.Couldyoupleasehelpme(to)dosomehousework?Ihearhimsingeverynight.(变成被动语态)→Heisheardtosingbymeeverynight.(变成被动语态)Wesawherplaythepianolastnight.→Shewasseentoplaythepianobyuslastnight.Itmademefeelsad.(变成被动语态)→Iwasmadetofeelsadbyit.注意：感官动词see,hear,watch,notice等动词的用法：seeSb.hearsb./sth.doingsth.watchdonotice5.作定语：(1)这种不定式与它所修饰的名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。Ihavemuchworktodo.Doyouhaveanythingtosay?Wouldyoulikesomething.toeat?It’sagoodplacetohavefun.如果这个不定式是不及物动词，它后面就要有必要的介词。Thereisnothingtoworry_________./Hehasnoroomtolive_________.Thedogiseasytotakecare________./I’dlikesomepapertowrite__________.(2)说明所修辞名词的内容：Wehadaplan

tofinishthework.(3)被修辞名词是不定式逻辑主语：Heisthefirst

togetthere.6.作状语：Icameheretoseeyou.（目的）I’msorrytohearthat.（原因）Tomistooyoungtogotoschool.（结果）Togettowork,hetakesNo.7buseveryday.（目的）7.“疑问词+不定式”结构：疑问词who,what,when,where,how,which等后接不定式，构成不定式短语，在句中作主语，宾语，表语等。Wheretoliveisaproblem.（主语）Doyouknowwhentostart?（宾语）Theproblemishowtousethemachine.（表语）Idon’tknow

todoit.（宾语）A.whatB.how8.固定短语.can’twaittodosth迫不及待做某事get/haveachancetodosth.得到一个做某事的机会It’s+adj.+(forsb)todosth.做某事（对某人来说）怎么样It’s+adj.+(ofsb.)todosth.Ittakessb.Sometime/moneytodosth.花费某人多长时间做某事（常考）It’sbestforsb.todosth对某人来说做某事是最好的It’stimeforsbtodosth.是某人做某事的时候了too…(forsb.)to......太.....以致不能.....=not…enoughtodo=so...that....(否定)动名词(V-ing)的用法：1.作主语：Seeingisbelieveing.WatchingTvisbadforyoureyes.2.作表语：Herfavoriteisreading.3.作宾语：Ilikereading.Thanksforinvitingme.4.作定语：It’sareadingroom.△runningstar,livingroom,eatinghabit,English-speakingcountry,Tree-plantingDay5.有些动词后只能跟动名词而不能跟不定式，这些动词有：①enjoy/like/love(喜欢)/hate=dislike(讨厌)doingsth.②stopsb.fromdoingsth.=(prevent/keep)（阻止某人做某事）③feellikedoingsth.想要做某事④.succeedindoingsth.=managetodosth.设法成功做某事⑤spend…(in)doing花费……做某事=Ittakesb.timetodosth.⑥thanksfordoingsth.因某事感谢某人⑦havefun(in)doingsth.做某事很有趣/高兴⑧practicedoingsth.练习做某事⑨finishdoingsth.完成做某事⑩minddoingsth.介意做某事(11)bebusydoingsth.=bebusywithsth忙于做某事(12)giveupdoingsth.放弃做某事(13)can’thelpdoingsth.情不自禁做某事(14)havetrouble/problem/ahardtime

/difficulty

doingsth.做某事有困难(15)putoff/delaydoingsth.推迟做某事(16).keepsb.doing/keepdoingsth.使某人保持做某事(17)preferdoingto(介词)doing…比起…更喜欢…=wouldratherdothando=prefertodoratherthando=likedoingbetterthandoing.(18)admit(承认)doingsth./deny（否认）doingsth.(19)beafraidofdoingsth/todosth(害怕做)(20)sthbeworthdoing值得做...(21)wastetime(money)doingsth.(22)beproudofdoingsth.骄傲做...(23)beinterestedindoingsth.对...感兴趣(24)begoodat=dowellindoingsth擅长做...(25)bekeenon=befondofdoingsth.沉迷做...(26)It’snouse/gooddoingsth.做...没用(27)howabout=whataboutdoingsth(...怎么样？)(28)advise=suggest(建议)doingsth(29)allow=permit(允许)doingsth(30)get/beusedtodoingsth习惯做某事比较：usedtodosth过去常常做某事/beusedtodosth/beusedfordoingsth.被用来做某事(31).imagine/avoid(避免)/thinkof(认为)/dreamof(梦想)/burstout(爆发，突然发生)/lookforwardto(期待)/insiston(坚持)/gettiredof(厌倦)/consider/concentrateon(集中注意力)=payattentiontodoing注意做某事/insteadof(代替)/takechargeof=beresponsiblefor=beinchargeof(负责做)6.有些动词后所带的宾语既可以是不定式，又可以是动名词，但所表达的意义不同。（1）stopShestopped

(talk)withmewhenshesawme.It’stimeforclass.Pleasestop

(talk).（2）goon=continue（继续）Hedidn’thavearestandwenton

(work).Aftercleaningtheroom,wewenton

(cook).（3）forget/rememberIusuallyforgot

(close)thedoor,butIremembered

(close)itjustnow.（4）tryWhynottry

(do)itinanotherway?Healwaystries________(finish)hisworkbeforedinner.（5）regretdoingsth./todosth.(后悔，遗憾)（6）sb.meantodosth.(打算做)/Sth.meandoingsth.(意味着)begin/start,like/lovedoingsth/todosth.某些固定句型用原形：1．Will(Woud)/Can(could)youplease(not)dosth…?请（不要）做某事好吗？2．hadbetterdosth最好做某事3．Let’s=Whynotdosth…?=whydon’tyou...?+动词原形为何不做某事4．wouldrather(not)dosth…宁可（不）；宁愿（不）此句型也可以扩展成：wouldratherdosththandosth=woulddoratherthando在祈使语气（或口语）中。【巩固练习】1.Remember________thenewtextbookherewhenyoucomenexttime.A.tobringB.takingC.totakeD.bringing2.Moreandmorepeopleenjoy______NBAthesedays.A.watchB.towatchC.watchingD.watched3.IwassosleepythatIcouldhardlykeepmyeyes________.A.openedB.toopenC.openD.opening4.carefully,Lisa!There'sachurchahead.A)DriveB)TodriveC)DroveD)Driving5.It'snotagoodideatomaketheboy__________thenewwordsagainandagain.A.copiesB.copyC.tocopyD.copying6.—Myplanis________videosathome.Whatareyougoingtodo,Jenny?—Well,Iprefer________moviesatthecinema.A.towatch,seeB.watching,seeC.watching,toseeD.towatch,tosee7.Springishere.Everyoneislookingforwardto_______atriptotheForestPark.A.takeB.totakeC.takingD.took8.Heusedtobeagoodmoviedirectorbutnowadaysheisonlybusy________money.A.HowB.madeC.tomakeD.making9.Themotheralwaysencouragedherbaby________upbyhimselfwhenhefellover.A.standB.stoodC.tostandD.standing10.Mylittlebrotherwaskeenon______stampswhenhewasyoung.A.collectB.collectedC.collectingD.tocollect11.ToimproveourEnglish,ourteacherasksus_________Englishnewspaperseveryday.A.readingB.toreadC.readD.reads12.Don’tbeafraidofquestionsifyoudon’tunderstandwhatI’vetaughtintoday’slesson.A.raiseB.raisedC.raisingD.toraise13.You’dbetter________lookupeverynewworldinthedictionarybecauseyoucanguessitfromthecontext.A.don’tB.notC.tonotD.notto14.Jennycanaskherteacherforhelpifshecan’tfinish___________thereportbyherself.A.writeB.writingC.towriteD.writes15.TheriverhereisseriouslypollutedandI'vewarnedJack_________init.A.nottoswimB.tonotswimC.don'tswimD.doesn'tswim16.Theyoungmanhasdenied_____themotorcycleneartheWal-Martstore.A.stealB.tostealC.stealingD.stole17.Thepoorbabyhaskept_______foralongtimebecausehecan’tfindhismother.A.cryB.cryingC.criesD.cried18.Don’tforget_____offthelightsandairconditionerwhenyouleave.A.turnB.toturnC.turningD.toturning19.Theworkersontheconstructionsiteareusedto_______at5:30inthemorning.A.getupB.gotupC.gettingupD.havegotup20.Withrepeatedefforts,Imanaged________thebabystopcrying.A.makeB.tomakeC.tomakingD.making21.Asamemberoftheschoolteam,Peterpracticesbasketballeveryday.A.playB.toplayC..playsD.playing22.Theteacherletthestudents_______arestforawhileintheclassroom.A.haveB.tohaveC.havingD.had23.Inmyeyes,oneofthebestwaystoloseweightis______regularly.A)toexerciseB)exerciseC)toexercisingD)exercised24.Ithinkapoliceman’sresponsibilityis______ourcityasafeplace.A)makeB)makesC)makingD)tomake25.Thenewpolicyenablespeople______trainticketseitherfromthestationorontheInternet.A.buyingB.buyC.tobuyD.bought26.Itisnoteasy________manyphonenumbersespeciallymobilephonenumbers.A.rememberB.rememberingC.torememberD.remembered27.Ifyoudon’tmind________forseveralmoreminutes,I’lltellyouthewholestory.A.stayB.stayingC.willstayD.tostay28.Karen’sdreamis________acomputerprogrammedesigner.A.becomeB.willbecomeC.becomesD.tobecome29.Thesystemhastheability________morethanoneprogramatthesametime.A.runningB.runsC.torunD.ran30.Thebankclerk'admitted_______everythingabouttheplanoftherobberyatlast.A.knowB.knowingC.toknowD.knew31.Itissaidthatnowadaysyoungpeoplewouldrather_________theirfriendsforadvice.A.askedB.askC.toaskD.asking32.MostchildrenexpectFatherChristmas________themthegiftastheywish.A)giveB)togiveC)gaveD)giving33.MothertoldJimmy______withherfriendsonlineandsaiditwasawasteoftime.A)tostoptochatB)stoopingtochatC)stoptochatD)tostopchatting34.Themostimportantthingforagooddetectivetodois________theinnocent.A)toprotectB)protectsC)protectedD)protect35.Mr.Whitewilltakechargeof________invitationcardsforthecelebrationpartynextmonth.A.prepareB.preparedC.preparingD.toprepare36.Thefarmersstop________inthefieldandhavearestwhenthesunsetseveryday.A.toworkB.workedC.workingD.work37.Inmyopinion,Hollywoodisreallyawonderfulplace________.A)visitB)tovisitC)visitingD)visited38.Theorganizationisconsidering________somemoneytovictimsofthenaturaldisaster.A)donateB)donatingC)todonateD)todonating39.Themodernfashionineducationistoletthechild________everything!A)decideB)decidesC)todecideD)deciding40.Lilythinkssheistoofatandrefuses________asusual,whichmakeshisparentsworried.A)toeatB)eatC)eatingD)eats41.We’llmakelaws______ourenvironment.A)protectedB)protectingC)toprotectD)protect42.MylittlebrotherhopesthefilmDad,WhereareWeGoing,thoughhehasseenittwice.A)toseeB)seeC)toseeingD)saw43.Toliveagreenlife,wetry________moreenergyandproducelesspollution.A.tosaveB.saveC.savesD.saved44.Mr.Whitespentaboutonehourandahalf__________theaccidentreportyesterdayevening.A.writeB.writtenC.writingD.towrite45.Childrenareoftenwarned______thefire.A)nottoplayB)toplayC)don’tplayD)doesn’tplay46.We’drather_______somebooksinsteadofplayingcomputergames.A)readB)toreadC)readingD)reads47.NowadaysmostoftheChinesehavedecided________atriptoMalaysia.A.don’ttakeB.nottotakeC.nottakeD.won’ttake48.Lookout!Thetrafficismovingfast.It’s___________dangerous___________crosstheroad.A)very…toB)so…toC)much…toD)too…to49.ThewayofimprovingourspokenEnglishis__________itasoftenaswecan.A)speakB)tospeakC)spokenD)tospeaking50.Asweknow__________playsanimportantpartincommunication.A.listenB.listeningC.listensD.listened51.ThemostimportantthingforusGradeNinestudentsnowishardasmuchaspossible.A)workB)toworkC)workingD)worked52.Pansyagreesoneofthebasicways________ourmemoryistousethelinkmethod.A)improvingB)toimproveC)improveD)improved53.Itisessentialforagooddetective________theinnocentandtofindtheguilty.A)toprotectB)protectingC)protectD)protected54.Inthatsmallseasidevillage,mostchildrenaregoodat________.A)swimB)swamC)swimmingD)swims55.ResearchersatXeroxdesignedaniconsystem.ButApplewasthefirst______itpopular.A)makeB)tomakeC)makingD)made56.Don’tallowotherthoughts______yourmindwhentryingtomemorizesomething.A)enterB)toenterC)enteringD)entered57.SouthKoreanfirstfemalepresident,ParkGeun-hyepromised______herbesttoservepeople.A.doB.doingC.didD.todo58.Alberthates________hereandtheretoattendallkindsofboringconferences.A)flyB)flyingC)fliesD)hasflown59.NewspaperssaythatsofarH7N9(禽流感)hascausedseveralpeople________.A)dieB)todieC)dyingD)died60.Theonlyway________theriverisbyferry.Thereisn’tabridgeformiles.A)crossB)crossingC)tocrossD)tocrossing61.I’msorrytokeepyou________forsuchalongtime!A)waitB)waitingC)towaitD)waited62.Janeplaysthepianobestinourclass,soIneverforget________themusicsheplayedforthefirsttime.A)tohearB)heardC)hearingD)hear63.Theyoungoughttobeallowed________theirdreambythemselves.A)achieveB)toachieveC)achievingD)achieved64.Dianaused________ontherightoftheroadinChina,butshesoongotused________ontheleftinNewZealand.A)todrive,drivingB)todrive,todriveC)todriving,todriveD)todrive,todriving65.Myfatherdoesn'tlikeshoppingatall.Hewouldrather________TVathomethan________aroundforhoursinshops.A)towatch,towalkB)watch,towalkC)watch,walkD)towatch,walk66.Agoodwaytoimproveourmemoryis________informationwithpictures.A)linkB)linkedC)linksD)tolink67.Volunteeringistheonlybestway______abouthowtherestoftheworldlives.A.knowB.knowsC.knowingD.toknow68.Thevolunteersattheairportoffer________heavyluggageforthepassengers.A)carryB)tocarryC)carryingD)carried69.TheinventionofWechat（微信）makesiteasier_________intouchwithfriends.A.keepingBkeepCtokeepDkeeps70.Ourmonitorhasmadeuphismind_______abasketballmatchafterthefinalexam.A)organizingB)organizeC)organizedD)toorganize71.MrsLinadvisedthestudents_______withfriendsonlineandsaiditwasawasteoftime.A.tostoptochatB.tostopchattingC.stoptochatD.stoppingtochat72.Let’sjustimagine

onMarsinthenearfuture.Isn’titamazing?A)toliveB)livesC)livingD)lives73.Tonyisanengineertolookaftertheenvironment.Todayhehasanewproject_________.A)doB)todoC)doingD)does74.Mr,Drakecalled5minutesago.He’dlikeyournephew_____hisfence.A.fixB.fixesC.tofixD.fixed75.Thecaringfatherseems______everythingabouthischildren.A)knowB)knowingC)toknowD)toknowing76.Peopleheldmanyactivities______the80thanniversaryofLongMarchvictory.A)celebrateB)celebratingC)tocelebrateD)celebrated77.Kenlookedaroundtheroomandwasn’tsurewhere_________hisnewpainting.A.hangB.hangingC.hungD.tohang78.Theheadmasteroftensuggests________onbothsidesofthepaper.A)writeB)writeswritingC)writingD)t