2021年4月-北京市海淀区高三一模-英语

2021京市海淀区高三一模英

语2021.04本试卷共8页，分考试时90分。考生务必将答案答在答题纸上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题纸并交回。第部：识用共节30分)第一节（共10小题每小题1.5分共15分阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的、、C、四选项中，选最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。My.friendshipwiththestudentsinaprimaryschoolinUgandastartedonshakyground.The1ofbeingunderstoodwashiddenwithin,fortheyspokelanguagedifferentthatofmineandminetoofelldeafears.Igreetedthemawidesmile,andIspokefurther,repliedicecold2Areminderechoedinmind:youmustlivethroughittotothem.Sogaveitanother.try.Ispoke3Englishwithgesturesaofdancing.allfailed,smilewould4Soonwepickedupandthen5ofthelearnerscameintoplay.AtthementionofatremblesandfacecoveringtheresponseIgot.decidedto6awithateameachdayduringgroupworkgetcloser.Afterschool,accompaniedthemhome.7,webecameawareofmyfavoritefruit,(牛油果:didngetoneonmydesk,itwouldwhereverIwas.slipperswornout.nightIleftoutcouldstealapairofslippersthatstate.nextmorning,IwasreadydragslippersasusualIwassurprisedtheyhad9Thelittlethingswedoforeachotherbringusgreatwarmth.Wedon'tproperspokenlanguage,butarefluentinthelanguage10.1.anger2.agreement3.simple4.turnup5.shyness6.clear7.Suddenly8.hit9.10.sympathy

B.fearB.B.officialBbreakoffB.lazinessB.shareB.ObviouslyB.findB:cleanedB.admiration

C.confusionC.C.C.takeC.lonelinessC.searchC.AccidentallyC.catchC.repairedC.friendship

D.disappointmentD.silenceD.unusualD.fadeawayD.calmnessD.exchangeD.GraduallyD.huntD.abandonedD.confidence第二节语法空（共10小：小题15，共15）1

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。ABrianSkerryunderwaterphotojournalistpartofhisjob,encountersmysterioussea11(creature)suchaswhalesandsharks.getthebestphotoSkerrygetsclosetothewildlife—even’sdangerous.timeinasquidSkerry12.(take)aphoto.WhydoesSkerrytaketheseHehisphotographswillmakepeoplethinkintheoceans.AsSkerrysays,“Theoceansrealtrouble.Asajournalist,themostimportantthingIcandotoraisepublic13(aware).”BIntheyears,researchersUniversity14(publish)severalpapersdogsabilitytodetectofabodywithouttouchingit.Theirresultsshowthat,fromfeetaway,dogscanreliablythedifference15a4-inchobjectbodytemperatureoneatroomtemperature.Thescientistsidentifiedasetofnervesinadog'snose16appeartoresponsible.Theskinondog'snosecanabsorbtheofinfraredlight外线leakingawarmobject,andnervesinsidetheskinquicklysensethatextraenergy,17(signal)thethatsomethingwarmnearby.CSomecitiesarebanningdrive-throughwindowsfast-foodrestaurants.Therearetwobasicreasonsforthebans:concernfortheenvironmentandtheneed18(fight)obesity.Intheadultsdriveautomobilesandalmostoftheadultsareoverweight.That'spartly19peopleareworriedabouttheenvironmentandunhealthydiets.Supportersofthebanshopefewerdrive-throughwindows20(reduce)litterandpollutionfromcustomersdrivingcars.Somethinkthatpeoplewillchoosehealthierfoodthereisnolongertheconvenienceofadrive-throughwindow.第部：读解共节38分第一节（共14小；每小题2分共28分阅读下列短文，从每题所给的AB、、四选项中，选出最佳选项，在答题纸上将该项涂黑。AEmergenciesscary,buttherenowanewsmartringonmarketthatquicklyforhelpwhenyoumost.MeetNimb,aringthatincludesapanicbutton.Itletsyousendemergencyalerts警报)presetcontactsfromitsmobileappwiththetouchofthumb.Whetheryouarebeingattackedorexperiencingaserioushealthproblem,Nimbwillhelpyousafeandsound.SmartRingtotheRescueThestorybehindthedevelopmentwiththisnewtechnologyuniqueandtouching.In2010,2

KathyRoma,whoisco-founderandcommunicationswithNimb,wasviolentlyattackedbyacompletestrangerthebrinkofdeath.Shesufferedmultiplestabwoundsinsafeneighborhood,justafeetawayfromapolicestation.Hersavinggracewasn'tjustheranddrivesurvive,butthecallforhelp.Sincethen,hasbeensearchingtofindwayothersavoicewhenthey’reinneedofhelphasbeenadrivingforcethedevelopmentoftechnology.AndNimbiseasytouse.Allyoutodoyourcontacts.Yourcontactswillgetinstantalertsontheirsmartphonestablets.Thissmartringtracksyourexactlocationinrealandyourcontactswillknowyouarealltimes.’sappincludesanalertcard,andbuilt-inchatandnotificationfeatures.Theringiscompatible兼)withBluetooth4+,iOS7+andAndroid4+.ItalsoequippedwitharechargeableLiPoBatterythatwilllastabouttwoweeks,isdesignedwithstandwaterdust.Nimb:StaySafeinStyleWestwocolors:StealthBlackandClassicWhite.TheringisavailableinUSringsizesmeansyoucanwearitonanyoffingers.There'snodoubtthistechnologywillhitonthemarket:everyonewantstothatpieceofmindwhenittohealthsafety.retails$129.21Nimbdesignedtousers_________.A.relievepaininstressfulsituationsB.friendsofsurroundingdangersC.callcontactsforhelpinemergenciesD.trackserioushealthproblems22.KathytheideaofNimbfrom________.A.herexperiencebeingattackedB.herdesiretohavevoicetechnologyC.herdreamoffoundingherowncompanyD.herdrivetosurviveseriousdisease23.HowyouuseNimbwhenyouareintrouble?A.Byeditinganemergencymessage.B.Bypressingabuttonforthreeseconds.C.Bytrackinglocationofpresetcontacts.D.Bysendingalertstothesmartphonesnearby.BItareadingclass.Whileallherclassmateswereflyingthroughthe3rdbooksintheHarryPotterseriesMalik,onlypagefourthebook,gotimpossiblystuckonthe3

word"doughnutHerunexpecteddifficultywithreadingcalleddyslexia.Skyegotaprofessionaldiagnosisattheendofthegrade.thatkidswerethroughthesamethingiteasieronhersomehow.Whatwasn’teasy,aftertheshegotfromspecialtutorsandreadingprograms,wasfluentreading.manypeopledowithoutthinking-reading-shetostrugglewithwordbyword,sometimesletterbyletter.Inclass,shewouldhearotherflipthroughthepagesassignmentsandgoonthequestionswhileshedoingbattletheparagraph.Shefrustratedshediscouraged.Butsheofanyotherwayuntilher4gradeteacher,MissPollock,toldheraboutsomethingcalledLearningAlly.Learningisanon-profitorganizationthatoffersaudioversionsbooks.Acrewofvolunteerreadersrecorded75,000classicnovels,children’sbooks,andschooltextbooksthathelpmorethan300,000studentsadultslearningdifferenceswhoareblind.NowSkyecouldlistentothebooksearsandfollowthewordseyesthepage,Insteadofhavingreadtextbookstoshecouldindependentlyherwork.LearningAlly,Ifeelconfidentcapableandcaneasilykeepwithclassmates,”Skyeexplains,“andIwantotherkidstofeelempowered,justthewaydid.SoSkye,16,createdThePacoProjectwasnamedafterhergrandfatherwhosenicknamewas“PacoThePacoProjectisafundraisereducationalinitiativefocusinggivingstudentsdyslexiaaccesstoLearningAllytechnologythatchangedherlife.Skyehasrealizedsheoneoftheluckykidsdiagnosed.Sheknowsthateducatingteachersaboutdyslexiaandgivingstudentswithlearningchallengethetoolstheyneedisagreatfirststepinmeetingdyslexiaheadon,andhelpingthembeconfident,capablestudents.“Righttheyfeelstuck-ashamed,unsureandinsecuretheirschoolwork.couldhelpstopthesestudentsfeelingthisway,thatwouldmeantheme.24.Accordingthepassage,Skye________.A.foundwayoutwiththehelpofMissPollockB.feltannoyedatbeingteasedbyherclassmatesC.preferredreadingthebookHarryPotterD.diagnosedwithdyslexiaherfourthgrade25.Projectwascreated________.A.topromoteLearningAllytechnologyB.toempowerthosewithreadingdifficultyC.withinspirationfromSkye’sgrandfatherD.inresponsetogrowingdemandsofteachers26.passagemainlyabout________.A.whatpeoplewithdyslexiaaresuffering4

B.measurestobeatdyslexiaC.howLearningAllyinfluencedpeoplewithdyslexiaD.SkyebattledagainstdyslexiaandhelpedothersThephilosopherMartinBuber,mostknownforhisworkon"I-Thou/Yourelationshipswhichpeople:areopen,direct,mutuallyinterestedeachother.Incontrast,“I-It”relationshipsthoseinwhichweusetheother,likeanobject,tosolveourproblemsfulfillourneedsandpurposes.Itnotourfaultthatmanyourrelationshipsorbecome”relationshipsbecausemostofwhatwefeel,thinkanddoismotivatedbyunconsciousmemoriesoftosurvivetheenvironmentintoweborn.Thus,ofreasonsweusepeoplehelpusbetteraboutourselvesandinworldisusingpeoplewasoncenecessaryitworked.weweresmallandhelpless,“Itcameandfedus,andus,andsetusourWedidn'ttoreciprocateandcarefor“It”.theandattentionof”wasorunpredictable,weoutofchildhoodalive,somewherealongtheway”wasinvolved.Freudcalledstageearly"primary，isourinstinct能forself-preservationandapayofourdevelopment.Whileofusoutofit,westillholdasurvivalfear.whichmotivatesescapedangertoalive,andweneedthisinhealthymeasure.Theisthattoomanyofusmuchortime,areinconstantstatethreat-andoftendon’tit.Weimaginepeopletalkingusbehindourbacks,thatwehavecancer,thatweareinadequate,andvulnerablemorethanourshareluck.ourbraingrownsizeandcomplexity.soourabilityscareourselves.Thiscausesmanyproblems,Forexample,ourstresslevelsincrease,ourdigestionisimpairedandourthinkingbecomesrestricted.threatresponsestopsbodilyfunction,feeling,thoughtandbehaviorthatmight“waste”energyanddetractfromfightingorescapingdanger.Thus,wheninthreat,ouremotional,cognitiveandbehavioralrangesignificantlyreduced.Andinreducedstate,oneofsolutionstofindsomeonewhosaveandcomfortus.Insteadofenablingustobeopen,directandmutual,fearandanxietyleadustowardsconversationsandchoicesinourrelationswithothersthatareorientatedtowardssurvivingnotthriving茁壮成长.Threat-motivatedrelationshipsarecharacterizedbyneed,dependency,control,demand,dishonesty,andself-interest.Wecannotformthe“I-ThourelationshipsthatBuberspeaksofuntilwehavelearnednotice,comfort,understandtheemotionspatternsofthreatWheninthreat,wetouseotherpeopleasobjectssaveprotectus,weforproblems.27.doesunderlined“reciprocate”inParagraphprobablyA.Returnthefavour.B.Askforsomeadvice.5

C.Conveyanapology.

D.somecomments.28.welearnabout“primarynarcissism”?A.leadstooursurvivalfear.C.Itimpactsourgrowthnegatively.

B.Itisandusuallytemporary.D.laysfoundationforFreud'stheory.29.ofthefollowingcouldanof”relationships?A.ComfortinganupsetC.Tryinghardtoindependent.

B.FeelingsorryforyourmistakesD.Askingotherstotakeonyourtask.30.thebesttileforpassage?A.HowWeCanFormthe“I-ThouRelationshipsB.HowCanGetOutofthe“I-1tRelationshipsC.WhyWeTeatOthersasObjectsRatherThanIndividualsD.HelpsSurviveandThriveinStagesofLifeDOver,SelfishGeneEvolutiontraditionallyaproblemwithnicepeople.onlytheindividualssurvive,erationiswidespreadinnature,fromplantsalertingeachothertodangertodolphinscooperatingtoupfish.Adecades-oldideacalledkinselectioncanexplainsomeofthis:iforganisms(

生物)enoughDNAinthentheyfurthertheirownselfishhelpingoneanother.andantsasystemofreproductionleavescolonymemberscloselyrelatedtheyactalmostassinglesuper-organismsexuallyreproducingspeciesparentalcarehelpsindividualspasstheirgenes.Butkinselectioncannotexplainwhyhumansarenicetostrangers.ideaisthatweevolvedsuper-cooperativebecause,overtime,morecooperativegroupshaveoutcompetedlesscooperativeones.Buttheregenerallyisn'tenoughgeneticvariationbetweengroupstoallownaturalselectiontofavormorecooperativeones.Someresearchersthinkthesolutioninanideacalledculturalselection.Forgetsharedgenes,theySelectionfavorcooperativegroupsthepeoplewithinshareculture.Theideacontroversialbecausetoworkitrequiresthatgroupsremainculturallydistinct,Ascriticspointout,peopletendtomigrate迁)groups,whichshouldhomogenize(使同质化ideasandcustoms.Thosetheconceptcounterthatgroupshavewaysmaintaintheirdistinctculture,includingaprocesscallednom(准则enforcement.Putsimply,ifsomeonemigratesintoanewculturalgroup,theyarepressuredintofollowingthelocalrulesbecausefailingtodosoleadstopunishment.Earlierthisyear,MathewandHandleyatArizonaStateUniversitypublishedastudytestingtheidea.They759peoplefourethnicgroupsinKenyawhocompeteintensivelyforland,waterandlivestock.Thepairestimatedthatgeneticdifferencesbetweenindividualsfrom6

differentwasgenerallylessthan15%.Culturalpracticesandbeliefsvariedmuchmore,by107to20%.Peoplecooperatedmostwithoftheirowngroup,asculturalgroupselectionpredicts,toalesserextentwithmembersofothergroupswhosemostcloselytheirThatsenseifcultureratherthangeneticswhatmatters.thinkthisisoneofthemostexplicitofculturalselectiontheorysofar,”saysNoteveryoneispersuaded.KrasnowHarvardUniversityseesnotheoreticalflawwiththeidea,saysthatsomeofhisresearchunderminesit.Hehasfoundpeopledon'tenforcetheruleswithintheirbutpunishpeopleotherwhotofollowtheirowngroup’snorms.Mathewcountersthatitisreasonabletoenforcethenormsonoutsidersasasteptowardsincorporating使并入intoculturalgroup.“Thisisoftenhowempiresexpand,”shesays.31.ofantsusedto_________.A.highlightthesignificantroleofreproductionB.demonstratetheefficiencyofasuper-organismC.revealwhyparentscaretheirselfishgenesD.explainthecauseoforganismshelpinganother32.Fortheideaofculturalgroupselectiontowork,pre-conditionisthat_________.A.cooperativegroupshaveachanceofsurvivalB.geneticvariationsinculturalgroupsmallC.culturaldifferencesareweakenedwithpeoplemigratingD.culturaldistinctivenesscanbepreservedcertainmethods33.textdevelopedmainlythrough_________.A.sortinginformationintodifferenttopicsB.narratingeventsinorderC.presentingdoubtsandexploringanswersD.discussingsimilaritiesanddifferences34.Welearnfrompassagethat_________.A.cultureasignificantroleinchoosingcooperatorsB.beingselfishisofvitalimportanceforindividualtosurviveC.’sstudyresultcontradictswhatculturalgroupselectionpredictsD.peoplejoiningnewgroupwillbepunishedfornotkeepingtheirownculture第二节（共小每题分共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。ChangingLandscapeofMusicBusinessTheindustryisintheprocessofachange.Inthepastdecades,artistsmademoneythroughphysicalsalesofrecords,CDs,andcassettes,Whileinrecentyears,downloadingsongsfromservicesasAmazonoriTuneshasbecomethewayforpeoplepurchase7

music,andtheideaofbuyingmusictoownmayfallingTotakeitsplaceareInternetthatdirectlytoleanersontheirsmartphones,labels.ocomputers.35Whilethisgreatforfanswhoacesmillionssongsatheflickoftouchscreen,shatteredthetraditionalmodelofhowanartisthisorhercareer.Withmusicloversincreasinglymovingawayone-timepurchasestowardsanall-you-can-listen-toservice,whatisahard-workingartisttodo?mainproblemfacingmusiciansispayments-per-streamofaremuchlowerthanwhatanartistwouldreceivefromdownload,36Inof2014,award-winningmusicianTaylorSwiftpulledherentiremusiccatalogfromSpottily,apopularstreamingapp,claimingthattheirbusinessmodelsuggeststhatmusicdoesnotholdmuchworth.37Theyclaimthatitofferssmallerartistsachancefortogetheardwideraudience.Message,managerofthebandRadiohead,hascomeoutinsupportofstreamingservices.Heseesthemasawaymusiciansfansinteract.Regardlessofartiststhinkaboutthischangeintheindustry,there'snoarguingthattoinordertomakemoney38.Corporatesponsorshipcanariskyoptionformusicians.Abandmakemoneybyagreeingtopromoteaproductorlicensemusicforadvertisements-buttherearemarrywaysthatthiscanbackfire.Whenhandsworkbusinesses.theymaylosetheimagehaveworkedtocreate.39Artistsdevelopthatappealstofarmsinordertoremainuniqueandauthentic,ortheyriskstrikingthechord,couldleavethemstrugglingtosustaincareerisminthisnewbusinesslandscape.A.Othershavewelcomedtheideaofstreamingmusic.B.However,thoseformsofarequicklyfadingC.Someartistshavecalledattentiontotheissue.D.coulddifferentforsmallerbandsjuststartingout.E.Maintainingfineimagewhileworkingacareercertainlytricky.F.majorshiftisthegrowthinpartnershipartistsandbusinesses.G.appsareavailableeitherfreeversionsorasmonthlysubscriptionservices第部：面达共节32）第一节阅读表达（共4小：40、小各2分第42小3分，第小5分共12分阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。Theincreaseinonlineeducationallowednewtypeofteachertoemerge-anartificialone.Butjusthowacceptingstudentsareofanartificialinstructorremainstobeseen.That’sresearchersattheUniversityofCentralFlorida'sNicholsonSchoolCommunicationMediaareworkingstudentperceptionsofA-basedteachers,Someoftheirfindings.publishedrecentlyintheInternationalJournalofHuman-ComputerInteractionindicateforstudentstoacceptanAIteachingassistantitneedseffectiveandeasytotalk8

AccordingtoJihyunKim.theleadauthorthestudy,thethatbyunderstandingstudentsrelatetoAI-teachers,engineersandscientistsdesigneasilyintegrateintotheeducationexperience.“Tousemachineteacherseffectivelyneedtounderstandstudentsviewsonmachineteacherstheirleaningexperienceswithmore,”Kim“Thislineofresearchneededtodesigneffectivemachineteachersthatcanactuallyfacilitatepositivelearningexperiences.AIteachingassistantseaseteacherworkload,asrespondingtocommonlyaskedquestionsbystudents.Thesequestions.whichoftenpeareachsemesterandbecomenumerousinonlineclasseswithhundredsofstudents,alargetaskforteacher.Thequickdeliveryofanswershelpsstudents.AnexampleofanAIteachingassistantisonenamedWatsonthatwascreatedbyaresearcherattheGeorgiaInstituteofTechnology.wasfedthethousandsofquestionsandanswersaskedinresearcher'sonlinethathe'dtaughtovertheyears.someadditionallearningandadjustments,waseventuallyabletoanswerthestudents'commonlyaskedquestionsaccuratelywithoutanyassistanceasifofresearchershumanteachingassistants.“