2021届高考英语二轮复习备考专项冲刺专题18阅读理解三含解

学习资料2021届高考英语二轮复习备专项冲刺专题读理解三解

专阅理】命题规律

命题趋势考查内容正确选项特点

解指·类通寻法求略掌“路三提加明主—旨意阅理【旨意】分略主旨大意题在阅读理解中比重不高，但属于每年必考的题型，设题1—2题考查考生对文章整体或局部主旨大意的理解和概括。①不含细节信息和绝对意义的词②恰当概括内容干扰项特点①以偏概全②断章取义③题扩大④似是而非⑤冠李戴题题干标志词型

浏览全文，寻找主题词或主题句；归纳文章主要内容答

归title纳标题titletopic

标题标准找主题

精→语言精炼准→准确定位作者观点的内涵和外延统→统领细节新→新颖有吸引力1.根文体略读2.从章或段落中寻找高频词

题theme

词

3.根对文章或段落的理解，用主题词概括大意技巧点拨

chieflymainlymainidea概subject括inchief文summarize章tryto大express意等标志词或者段落大

找主题句

主题句结构特点特点主题句主题句在文首↓或段首支撑句细节描述主题句↓在文尾归纳要点或段尾↓概括主题细节描述主题句↓在文中归纳主题

标志词及解题思路在文首或段首的主题句后面的标志词有：first，next,，tobeginwith,one...theotherexample等在文尾或段尾引出结论的标志词有clearly,so，thus，，therefore,inconclusion，inshort等当段落中出现表示转折的词语however，but,fact,actually等标志词时该句很可能是主题.意

或段中↓进一步解释没

有

没有明显的

1.根事实、线索综合分析，概括主题句

主题句，暗示性地体现主题。

大意。2.不以偏概全不能过于宽。

考突·对能明点攻难有提熟高词→突阅理词障高英考必570个频第十三组351.semestern.学期半

第十四组378。adj.苗条的；修长的352.semiconductor。半体379。sorrow。悲哀悲353。seminarn.研会380。stuffn.原料材料vt.填；354.terminaladj.末的极限的n。塞满终点381。temporaryadj.暂时的；临时的355.territory。领土382temptation。诱;引诱356。approximateadj.大的大约v。383。terrorn.恐怖近似384。thrustv.挤；推;插357.arbitraryadj.随的未断的385.treatyn.条；协定358.architectn.建筑386.arisevi.产生出；发生；起身359.architecture。建学387.arousevt。引起激起；唤醒360。biologyn.生学388。burden。重担负荷

361.geographyn.地理学389。bureaun.局；事处362.geology。地质363.geometryn。几（学）364。arithmetic。算术365。algebran.代366。entertainmentn.娱；招待；款待367。enthusiasm。热情热心368。entry。进入；入口处参赛的人（或物369.environmentn.环境370.episoden.插；片段371.equationn。方式372。restrainvt.阻；制373.restraintn.抑制限374.resumev。中断重新开始375.severeadj。严的376。adj.性的377。simplicityn.简单朴素第十五组405.twistvt.使缠绕；转动扭歪

390marvelousadj。奇般;惊人的391.。大；量的；大块的392.matureadj.成的393。adj。最高的最大的394。adj。最低的最小的395。n.胡；冒失的行动396.nuclearadj。核的核能的397.nucleusn。核398。retail。/v。/adv.零售399.retain。保；保持400。vt。限制;束401。n.主者vt。起,主办,资助402。spurn./vt.刺激;激403。n.胜利；成功404.tuitionn。学第十六组433。n.国互联网；因特网

406.undergraduate。大肄业生407.universaladj.普的通用宇宙的408。universen.宇宙409。viaprep.经；经过通过410。vibrate。振；摇摆411.virusn。病412.voluntaryadj.自的413。volunteern。志愿者v。自(做)414.votev。选n.选415.wagonn。四马车；路货车416。appointvt。任命;委派417。approachv.靠近n.径方式418.appropriateadj。适的419.bunchn.群伙束串420.bundlen。捆包；束vt.收;归拢421.conquervt.征422。chaosn。混乱紊乱423。discountn.（价格）扣

434。interpret。翻译解释435。interpretationn.解;说明436。leakv.漏渗437。lean。倾斜；倚；438。leap。跳跃439modifyvt.修440.nylon。尼龙441.onionn.洋442.powder。粉末443.applicableadj。可用的；适当的444.applicantn.申请445.breadthn.宽446.conservation。保存保护447.conservativeadj.保的448。n。平线可比拟的事物449.passionn.激;热情450。adj。被动的消极的451.patv./n。轻；轻打452.peakn.山；顶点453。phenomenonn.现

424。display。/vt。陈；展览425。equivalentadj。相等adj相等物426。erect。竖直。建造，竖立427。faxn传真428.fertileadj。肥沃的;产的429。fertilizer。肥料430.hardwaren。五器具431.horrorn.恐432.horribleadj.可的

454.reluctantadj.不愿；勉强的455。。(on,upon）依赖；指望456。adj.有的切题的457。adj.可的458.reliefn.轻；宽慰减轻459.reputationn.名；誉460.rescuevt./n.营救年高英【阅理】型化练解版跟检·移用练拟练范夯提1AuthorWalterDeanMyersdiedattheageof76afterbriefillness.WalterDeanMyerswasauthorof100booksforchildrenandyoungadultsandreceivedmanytopawards。TheprolificauthorwaslovedforhisvividdescriptionoflivesofAfricanAmericanchildren,andforwritingbooksyoungpeoplethatcovereddifferent。“Myershasaboutallthosesubjectswithdeepunderstandingandahard。won,qualifiedsenseofhope，LeonardS.Marcusin2008.Hewasbornin1937andwasadoptedbyFlorenceDeanandHerbertafterhismotherdiedwhilebirthtohisyoungersister.Theylovedhimmuchandhismotherreadtohimfromaveryyoungage.Readingpushedhimtodiscoverworldshislandscape.

Hebeganwritingatanearlyage.HewrotewellinhighandanEnglishteacherrecognizedandadvisedhimtoonmatterwhathappenedtohim。“It’swhatyou”shesaidHedroppedoutofhighschoolat17joinedtheAfterfinishinghisservice,heenteredadarkperiodinhislifeMyersbeganwritingatnighttopullhimselfthroughthatmiserabletime。Inanessaypublishedinearlierthisyear,MyersdescribedhowashortstorybyJamesArthurBaldwinhelpedchangethecourseofhis。“Ididn'tlovethestory,butwashe，“forittookplaceinHarlem,anditwasastoryconcernedwithblackpeoplelikethoseI。Byhumanizingthepeoplewhowerelikeme,Baldwin’sstoryhumanizedme.ThestorygavemeapermissionthatIdidn'tknowI，permissiontowriteaboutmyownlandscape，myownmap.“IwritebookstroubledboyIoncehewrote,“andfortheboywholiveswithinstill。"1．Whattheparagraphabout?A．HowpopularMyerswas.B．HowMyersbecamesuccessful.C．WhatmakesMyers’workspopularD．WhatpeoplethinkofMyersworks2discoveredMyers'writingtalent?A．JamesArthurBaldwin.B．Hismother.C．LeonardS。Marcus。D．Oneofhisteachers.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prolific”inParagraph2probablymean？A．Productive.C．Conservative.

B．Unfortunate。D．Humorous.4wastheshortstoryJamesArthurBaldwinsoimportantfor？A．Ithelpedhimsurvivethedarkperiod.B．Itinspiredhimtopursuewriting。C．Helearnedmanywritingtechniquesfromit.D．Theauthorofthestorypermittedhimto。【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了美国著名作家WalterDeanMyers的平。

1解段大意题读段可知该段首句“Theprolificauthordifferentsubjects”为该段题,结合该段其他内容可这位多产的作家因其对非裔美国儿童生活的生动描述，以及为年轻人写的涉及不同话题的书籍而深受喜.由此可知，该段主要介绍了他的作品受欢迎的原因，故项正。2．D

解析:细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“HewrotewellinhighschoolandanEnglishteacherrecognizedthisadvisedhimtokeeponwritingmatterwhathappenedtohim。可知，他在高中时写作就很好，一位英语老师认识到这一点并建议他无论发生什么事都要坚持写下.据此可知，他的写作天赋是他的一位老师发现的，故D项正确。3．A

解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段第二句“WalterDeanMyerswastheauthorofmorethan100bookschildrenandyoungadultsandreceivedmanytop”可知，DeanMyers写100多本儿童和年轻人读物，并获得了许多最高奖项。由此可推知，他是一位多产的作家productive意为多产的”故A项确B项为“不幸的”，C项意“守旧的”项意为“幽默的”，都与语境不符。4解理解题倒数第二段第一句中的“howashortstory...thecourseofhislife”以及最后一句“ThestorygavemeapermissionthatIdidn’tknowIneeded，thepermissiontowriteaboutmylandscape，myownmap”知Baldwin写的故事鼓励了Myers追求自的写作事,故B项确2Who’rehappier,menorwomenResearchshowsit'saquestionandthataskingwhethermalesorarehappierisn’treallythathelpfulbecausebasically,happinessisdifferentforwomenandmen。Women’shappinesshasdecliningpast30years，accordingtorecentstatistics。Andresearchshowsthatwomenaretwiceaslikelytoexperiencedepressioncomparedwith。Gender性别）differencesindepressionarewellconfirmedandstudiesfoundthatbiological,psychologicalandsocialfactorscontributetothedifferenceEarlystudiesongenderandhappinessfoundmenandwomenweresocializedto

expressdifferentfeelings.Womenaremorelikelytoexpresshappiness，warmthandfear，whichhelpsocialbondingandmoreconsistentwiththetraditionalroleasaprimarycaregiver，whilemendisplaymore，prideanddisrespect，whicharemoreconsistentwithaprotectorandrole.Recentresearchsuggeststhatthesedifferencesarejustsocially，butalsogeneticallyrelated。Studieshavelookedthesefindingsfurtherdiscoveredthatfemalesusemoreareasofthebraincontainingmirrorneurons(镜像神经元)maleswhentheyprocessfeelings.Mirrorneuronsallowustoexperiencetheworldfromotherpeopleview,tounderstandtheiractionsandintentions.Thismayexplainwhywomencanexperiencedeeper。Womentendtoexperiencemorenegativefeelings,suchasguilt,shameandtoadegree，embarrassment.Psychologicallyitseemsmenandwomeninwaytheyprocessandfeelings.Withtheexceptionofwomenexperiencefeelingsmorestronglysharetheirfeelingsmoreopenlywithhavefoundinparticularthatwomenexpressmoreappreciation—whichhasbeenlinkedtogreaterhappiness。Thissupportsthethatwomen’shappinessismoredependentonrelationshipsthanmen’s.1．Whichfeelingaremenlikelytocomparedwithwomen？A。C．Happiness。

B．Depression.D．Disrespect。2．Whatfactorscausewomentosharefeelingsmoreopenly?A．Psychologicalfactors。C．Educationalfactors.

B．Biologicalfactors。D．Socialfactors。3canprobablyread．AsciencefictionCnurseryguide4．Whatisthemainlyabout?

BculturebrochureDhealthmagazineA．Menandwomendifferinbiologyandpsychology。B．Menandwomenexperiencehappinessdifferently。C．SocialroleshaveagreateffectonmenandwomenD．Womenhappinesshasdeclinedinthepastyears.【解题导语】本文从社会、生理和心理三个方面介绍了男性和女性在幸福感上的差.1．D

解析：细节理解.根据第三段最后一句中的“whilemendisplaymoreprideanddisrespect”知，男性表现更多的是生气、骄傲和无礼，故选D。

2

解析细理解题根最后一的内容可知，本段从心理方面介绍了男性和女性在处理和表达感情方面的不:与男性相比，女性更加公开地表露自己内心的情感。3

解析：文章出处题。根据本文内容可,本文主要从社会、生理和心理三个方面分析了男性和女性在幸福感上的差异。由此可推知，本文有可能摘自一本健康杂志，故D项。4解：主旨大意题。通读文可知，本文从社会、生理和心理三个方面分析了男性和女性在幸福感上的差异，故B项最符合文.3Astudyof500,000songsreleased发行）intheUKand2015showedthatpopmusichaddecreasedinhappinessandincreasedinsadness.InareportpublishedintheSocietyOpenScience，researchersattheUniversityofCaliforniaexaminedhundredsofthousandsofsongsandclassifiedthembytheirmood.‘Happiness’isgoingdown,‘sadness’isgoingup，andatthesame，thesongsbecomingmore‘danceable’andmore‘partylike’，”co。Natalia．KomarovatoldAssociatedPress。Thestudyfoundsongsin2014likeStaySam，byPassengerandUnmissablebyGorgonCityhavea“lowhappiness”trendtracksfrom1984likeGloryDaysbyBruceSpringsteen，IYou？byEurythmicsandFreedomby！had“highhappiness"trend。“Theseemstopreferhappiersongs,eventhoughmoreandsongsarebeingreleasedeachyear，”theresearcherswroteApartfromtheemotional，researchersdiscoveredthatdancesandpopweremostsuccessfulstylesofmusicandthattherewas“cleardownward"trend,withthepopularityrockbeginningintheearly2000s.“Soitlookslike，whiletheoverallmoodisbecomingless，peopleseemtowanttoforgetitallanddance,"Komarovawroteinanemail。Itwasalsofoundthatthe“malenessofsongs—thefrequencyofmalesingersinpopularmusic—haddecreasedduringthelast30“Successfulsongsarecharacterisedbyapercentageoffemaleartistscomparedto”theywrote。Thisdiscoveryatimewhentheconversationaroundsexequalityinthemusicindustryisatitsheight，withartistsandsongwriters。1researchersexaminedlotsofsongsto．A．findsongsfordancesandparties

B．choosesongsforajournalC．releasemoresongsD．knowbetteraboutsongs2．Whosemusicstyletendstobringyoumore？A．NataliaL．Komarova’s。B．SamSmith’s.C．GorgonCity's.D．Bruce。3．Whatdoweknowaboutsongsoverthreedecades?A．Rockbecamepopularintheearly2000s。B．FewerunhappysongscametolighteveryyearC．MalesingerswerebetteratperformingpopD．Femaleartistswerelessskilledwriting。4．Whatcanbeasuitabletitlethetext?A．PopMusicIsGettingSadderB．MusicCallsforEqualityC．PopMusicHasaLongHistoryD．MusicIndustryIsGoingDown【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了流行音乐表达的情绪的变化趋势。1

解析:推理判断题本第二段介绍了加州大学的研究者们调查了成千上万的歌曲并把它们按情绪分类接得歌曲分类的结果见他们调查歌曲的目的是想对歌曲有更多的了解，故选D.A两曲解文;B项无生有。2．D

解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“However，tracks1984likebyBruceSpringsteen..。hadhappiness’trend."知正确NataliaL．Komarova为道的合著者，而非歌;SamSmith、GorgonCity所唱的歌曲有让人开心感降低的趋势，故排除。3．A

解析:细节理解题。根据第四段中的“withthepopularityofrockbeginningintheearly2000s”可知，摇乐在21世纪初开始流,故A项确其三个选项的内容均与文意不符。4A解标题归纳题.据本文首段总述及后续段落的描述可,全文重点介绍了流行音乐正变得越来越伤感,故选项项仅本文中提到的一个细;C项不本文的重点；D项大外延属度概括故除。

Test4Asevolutiontendstoremovewaste,howcomeweevolvedsuchlarge，energy.consumingbrains？Thedominant设）suggeststhattoughinteractionsarethedrivingforce.newstudydoneinanunusualshowsthathumanbrainexpansionislikelybyecology（生态Scientistshavetestedtheecologicalandhypothesesbefore。ThecommonapproachistolookatmanyspeciesandinvestigatewhetherlargebrainsareassociatedwithspecificproblemsForexample,doprimatesorotheranimalswithlargebrainshavedietthatischallengingtofindbutnutritionallyrewarding？Thiswouldindicateanecological。Ordotheyliveinlargegroupswheretheyfacelotssocialproblems？Whilemanystudieshavefoundsuchassociations,thereisproblem.Itcannottellwhetherlargebrainsevolvedtosolvethedifficultproblemsorwhetherevolvedforotherreasonsenabledtheirbearersthehardproblems.Tofindoutthecausesofbrainexpansion，werecreatedthescenarios（可能出现的情况）ofthetwohypothesesusingmathematicalmodel。Wefoundthatacombinationofecologicalandsocialchallengesdoproducethebrainsizeweseein。Butitwasecologicalchallengesthatexpandedbrains.Incontrasttothedominantviewandourownexpectation，wefoundthatsocialchallengescontributedbydecreasingbrain。Butyoufactorstogetthebrainsizeweseetoday—iftherenosocialchallengesourbrainswouldhaveevenlargerbutpoorlysuitedtosociallife.Biggerisn’tnecessarilybetter。Butmanyanimalsfacehardecologicalproblems.Whydon’ttheyallhavelargebrains?Wefoundthatecologicalproblemsonlyleadtohuman.sizedindividualscankeeplearninghardskillsastheySoresultsandthoseofothers'suggestecologyandtheaccumulationofculturalknowledgecouldacttogethertoproducehuman.sizedbrain.Willthehumanbrainexpandfurther?Thecomplexityofthesystemsmakesitimpossibletosaymuchwithcertaintyatpresent。1．Inmostpeople’sview，whatmakeshumanevolvelarge？A．Socialchallenges.B．Socialandecologicalchallenges。

C．Ecologicalchallenges。D．Competitionwithotherlargeanimals。2．WhattheproblemofthecommonapproachA．Itsmodelisnotenough.B．Itdoesn'ttellthecauseandeffectclearly.C．Itshypothesiscannotbeeffectively。D．Itdoesn’tfindbrainsizeisconnectedwithproblems。3don'tmanyanimalshavelargebrains？A．Theydon’tlearnfromother.B．Theydon’tfaceecologicalproblems.C．Theydon’tneedtocooperatewitheachotherD．Theydon’tkeeplearningtoughskillsastheygrow。4．Whichofthefollowingdotheresearchersfindmostsurprising?A．Animalsdon’thavelargeB．Socialchallengesdecreasebrain。C．EcologicalchallengesincreasebrainsizeD．It'sunclearwhetherhumanexpandfurther.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明.科学研究发现，人类大脑的大小是由生态环境和文化知识积累的共同作用决定的；大脑并非越大越,果大脑过大，则人类将无法适应社交活动。1解理解.根据第一段第二句“dominanthypothesis(假设suggeststhattoughsocialinteractionsarethedrivingforce.并结合第一段内容可知，大部分人认为棘手的社交活动是人类大脑进化的动力，故A项正。2．B

解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Itcannottellwhetherlargeevolvedtosolvethedifficultproblemsorwhethertheyevolvedforotherreasonsandthenenabledtheirbearerstodealwiththehard。可知，传统的研究方法无法解释清楚大脑进化的原因和影响，故B项正确。3．D

解析：推理判断题。根据第五段第二、三句“Whydon’ttheyallhavelargebrains？Wefoundthatecologicalproblemsonlyleadtohumansizedbrainswhenindividualscankeeplearninghardskillsastheygrow.”知，只有当个体在成长过程中不断学习艰难的技能时，生态环境才会影响人类特定大小的大脑。据此可推,动物

在成长过程中并没有持续学习艰难的技能，所以动物没有大的大脑，故D项确。4．B

解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第四句“Intothedominantviewandourownexpectation,wefoundthatsocialchallengescontributedbydecreasingbrainsize.”可知，与主流观点及我自己的预期相反，我们发现社会挑战导致大脑变小。据此可知，社会挑战导致大脑变小是令人惊讶的发故B正确。5Travelingtoaforeigncountrycanmakeyoufrightenedifyoudon'tknowthelocallanguage.Mr.Thibaulthasnumberoftohelptravelersinadestinationwhentheydon'tspeakthetongue,basedonhisown。Hereareafewofthem。●DownloadaLanguageTranslationAppMr.tendstorelyonGoogleTranslateandsuggeststhattravelersfindanappthatworksforthem.Ideally，findonethatspecializesthelanguageyouneedtotranslateespeciallyifthelanguageacharactersetyou’renotfamiliarwith，ordifficultypronouncing.●SpeakwithYourHandsandHeadPointingwithyourhandsandnoddingorshakingyourhead,Mr。Thibaultsaid,areeasywayscommunicatewithinthecountryyou’rein.“Gesturesarealluniversallyunderstood，he。●LearnaFewKeyWordsKnowingbasicwordsandphraseslike“hello"，“thankyou”and“Isorry。Idon’tspeaklanguage.DoyouspeakEnglish？"ismust,Mr.Thibaultsaid。Showingthatyoucareenoughlearnsomeofthelanguagebeforeyougo,andatleastenoughtoacknowledgethatyoudon’tknowmore,isformofrespectandwillgoalongwaytobelikedby●WorkwithaLocalTravelAgentIfyoufeelparticularlyuncomfortableinthecountryyou'reheadedandyouhavetogoanyway,relyingonalocaltravelagentwhoknowsbothyouranddestinationlanguagescanbeincrediblyuseful●HireaLocalTourGuideAtourguidecanhelpyougetabettergraspofthelocallanguageandisagoodpersontopracticewordsandphraseswith.WheneverMr。Thibaultvisitsanew

country，hebooksasightseeingtouraguideonthefirstdayofhis。“Idaytolearnaboutmydestinationandgetfamiliarwiththelanguage,”hesaid.1．Insituationalanguagetranslationappbeappliedwhiletravelingabroad?A．WhenyouhavetroublepronouncingtheB．Whenyouwanttoacknowledgeyourignorance.C．Whenyouwanttothelocallanguage.D．Whenyoufeeluncomfortableincountry.2．Whatistheeasiestwaytocommunicatewithforeignersaccordingtothetext?A．DownloadingalanguagetranslationappB．Learningafewkeywords.C．Usingbodylanguage.D．Workingwithaguide.3canyoubetterunderstandthelocallanguageA．Byspeakingwithyourhandsand。B．Bylearningfewkeywords。C．Bydownloadingalanguagetranslationapp.D．Byhiringlocaltourguide。【解题导语是篇应用文针对不会说外语的旅行者到国外旅游提出了几条建议，包括下载翻译软件使肢体语出前学习关键词利用当地旅行社的帮助以及雇用当地导游。1

解析：细节理解题.根据题干中的关键词“languagetranslationapp”定位至第二段根据该段第二句“Ideallyfindonethatspecializesinthelanguageyouneedtotranslateespeciallyifthelanguageacharactersetyou’renotfamiliarwith,orhavedifficultypronouncing.可,在该语言使用你不熟悉的字符集或者你发音有困难时，你应当下载翻译软件，故A项正.2．C解：推理判断题。根据三段第一句“Pointingwithhandsandnoddingorshakingyourhead，Mr.Thibaultsaid,areeasywaystocommunicatewithlocalsinthecountryyou'rein.”使用双手、点头或摇头，是你和当地人交流的简单的方式；据此可推知，使用肢体语言是与当地人交流最简单的方,故C项正确。3．D

解析：细节理解题。根据尾段第一句“tourguidecanhelpgetabettergraspofthelocalandisgoodpersontopracticewordsphraseswith.”可知，导游可以帮助你更好地掌握当地的语,且导游是你与其练习单词和短语的最佳人

选，故项确6Wouldafasterreadingspeedmeanthatwecouldlearnmore?Somepeopleclaimthatit’spossible.InJulylast，sixtimespeedreadingchampionAnneJonessattoreadHarperLee'sGoSetaWatchman。Just25minutesandsecondslater，finished—whichequalsreadingrateofaround3wordsperminute.Jonesrunstrainingcoursesteachingspeedreading，recallandconcentrationtechniquesandtherearenumerousspeedreadingappsthathaveappearedonthemarketoverthepastfewyears。Butdotheyactuallywork?First，weneedtounderstandhowweread.ThehumaneyemovementiscentraltoourreadingReadoverthatsentenceagain,andthinkabouthowyoureyesscanacrosstheTheydonmoveoverthem。Instead,theymakeaseriesofshort，sharpjumps,skippingover