Unit1-2语法(系动词+被动)

LanguageFocus系动词1.2语法讲解1.2LanguageFocus-GrammarGrammar1：LinkingVerbs系动词本身有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，必须与表语一起构成谓语。最常用的系动词是be，此外还有appear,seem,become,get,turn,go,grow,fall,feel,look,sound,smell,taste,keep,remain,stay,prove等。1.2LanguageFocus-GrammarGrammar1：LinkingVerbs1.最常用的系动词be:be是用得最多的系动词，可以跟各式各样的表语（名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、现在分词、过去分词、不定式、介词短语、从句等）。Moneyisn’teverything.Shewasfirsttoarrive.Whatfilmison?Timeispressing.Thatistosay，he’stooyoung.That’showIlookatit.

1）appear意为“好像”，“似乎”，常与形容词及过去分词连用，也和不定式或名词连用。Theappleappearedsound，butitwasrotten.这个苹果看上去好好的，其实已经腐烂了。Thehouseappeareddeserted.这房子看起来已经没人住了。

Thecarappearstohavenobrake.这车的刹车好像失灵了。Heappearedanormalperson.

有时以it作主语，后面跟从句。

Itappears（that）theplanedidnotlandatRome.Itappearstomethatyouareallmistaken.2）seem表示“看来”，“似乎（如何）”，相当于appear和look，后面可跟形容词、分词、名词、介词短语。Thedoctorseemsverycapable.Heseemsquitehappy.Sheseemedwellpleased.Claireseemedlackinginenthusiasm.

有时以it作主语，后面跟从句。Itseemsthatheishappy.

渐变类系动词

get意为“变得……”，用法与become相同，但较口语化，后面多跟形容词、过去分词；也可跟现在分词、名词或介词短语等。

Ithinkshewillgetwell.Pleasedon’tgetangry.Shegotmarriedtheotherday.There’snothingtogetexcitedabout.get被用来代替助动词be和过去分词连用，构成被动结构，表示某一事件或事故的发生，着重强调动作getdressedgetstolengetpaidgetdrunkgetpunishedgetinvitedgetdivorced

getengagedgetworried

turn意为“变得（成）”，用于表达人或物的状态、外貌等的变化，也可指颜色变化，较书面化。通常跟形容词，也跟名词（前面不加冠词），表示“变成某人或某类从业者”。HeturnedpaleatthenewsItturnedawfulchilly.Heusedtobeateachertillheturnedwriter.Isitwiseforageneraltoturnpolitician?go只是在表示“变得……”时才用作系动词，多表示“(从好的状态)变成坏的状态”

Hewentmadlastyear.

Hearingthis，shewentred.Inhotweather，meatgoesbad.grow表示逐渐变化，意为“逐渐变成”，后面常跟形容词，也可跟过去分词（一般与心情有关）或介词短语。

Theseaisgrowingcalm.Thepollutionproblemisgrowingserious.Igrewexcited，andalittlefrightened.AfteratimeIgrewdissatisfiedwiththework.

fall有时用作系动词,只限于和少数形容词搭配

fallillfallasleep4.感官类系动词

look用作系动词，表示“看起来（怎样）”，后面主要跟形容词、过去分词、名词和介词短语等。

Myboyisnotlookingverywell.Shelookedembarrassed.Helooksanice,reliableman.Helookedinsplendidhealth.

类似的词还有sound（听起来），smell（闻起来），taste（尝起来）。A.Thereportsoundstrue.Thistonesoundspleasant.

B.Rosessmellsweet.Thatmilksmellssour.C.Theapplesfromthistreetastedelicious.Themeattastesbad.5.保持类系动词1）keep表示“保持（某种状态）”，后面常跟形容词、副词或介词短语。Ihopeyou’llkeepfit.Sheknewshemustkeepcalm.Keepawayfromthem.Danger!Keepout!危险!不得进入!Iamkeepinginverygoodhealth.We’llkeepintouchwithyou.2）remain表示“继续保持（仍然处于某种状态）”，后面可跟形容词、分词、名词、介词短语等。

Threeoutoffourofthemremainedsingle.Thequestionremainedunsolved.Wecanremainfriends.TheIndianpeopleremainindeeppoverty.Youcan’tletthehouseremainlikethis.你不能让房子继续处于这个状态。5.保持类系动词3）stay用作系动词意思是“保持（某种状态）”，后面一般跟形容词或介词短语。

Thetemperaturehasstayedhotthisweek.Pleasestayseated.Fatherhopedwe’dstayoutoftrouble.6.其他系动词（如prove）prove也用作系动词，表示“（最后）证明……”或“事实表明……”，后面常跟形容词，也跟名词或be的不定式。

Hisadvicedidprovesound(合理的，完好的).Argumentsproveduseless.Itprovedawaste.

GrammarPage(6.1)Studyingtherule:Readthefollowingsentences,payingspecialattentiontothecoloredwords.

1)Theboatmanwas

astrong,handsomeyoungguy.2)Hehasbeen

inbedfordays.3)Bamboo

looks

morelikeatree.4)Notallbamboogrows

tall.5)Thesoup

smells

good.6)Thisplaceiswheretheherodied.Studyingtherule:Readthefollowingsentences,payingspecialattentiontothecoloredwords.7)Thehotelhasbecomequitefamous.8)Wemustget

readytogo.9)Theappletastedsweet.10)Theweatherhasturnedverycold.11)Thatsoundsagoodidea.Verbswhichbehavelikebearecalledlinkingverbs.Moreexamples:turn,grow,feel,keep,sound,look,seem,stay,etc.Findingtherule:Readthepatternsinthefollowingchartanddecidewhichpatterneachoftheabovesentencesbelongsto.Putthenumbersofthesentencesintheblanks.PatternsSentencessubject+linkingverb+adjectiveHeistall.

subject+linkingverb+nounphrase

Wehavebecomegoodfriends.

subject+linkingverb+adverbialShestayedathome.

Applyingtherule:1.Decidewhetherthefollowingcoloredwordsarelinkingverbsornot.1)Thisnewsoftdrinktastesquitespecial.2)Thecookistastingthefishcarefully.3)Thecarappearedsuddenlyontheturning.4)Theyallappearedsatisfiedaftertheexam.5)Wouldtheaudiencepleasekeepseated?6)Tomwaskeptatschoolbecausehewaslateforclass.7)Mygrandmotherfeelshappy.8)Bobistoocoldtofeelhisfingers.

YesNoNoYesYesNoYesNoApplyingtherule:2.Correctthemistake(s)ineachofthefollowingsentences.1)Yourhandisfeelingcold.2)Thepizzaistastedgood.3)Hehasbecomeateacherfortenyears.4)Thepriceofgoldranhighly.5)Theoldman’shairhaschangedgrey.isfeeling>feelsistasted>tastesbecome>beenhighly>highchanged>turnedLanguageFocus被动1.2语法讲解被动语态(ThePassiveVoice)主动句变被动句的方式：主动句：主语+谓语+宾语被动句：主语+be+过去分词+by宾语e.g.Theteacherlovesherstudents.Herstudentsarelovedbytheteacher.(二)被动语态的时态格式

一般现在时： be+done

一般过去时： be+done

一般将来时：will+be+done或be

goingtobedone

过去将来时： would+be+done或begoingtobedone

现在进行时： be+being+done

过去进行时： be+being+done

现在完成时： have/has+been+done

过去完成时： had+been+done

情态动词：情态动词+be+done

2.英语中有些动词常以被动语态的形式出现，也是高考出题的热点。besupposedto应该befacedwith面临belocatedin坐落于beexpectedto预计会做

It’ssaidthat据说It’sreportedthat据报道

It’sbelievedthat据认为It’sknownthat众所周知Studyingtherule:Readthefollowingsentences,payingspecialattentiontothecoloredwords.1)Bambooissostrongthatitis

oftenusedtobuildhousesandbridges.2)Someare

putintocansandshippedtoallcornersoftheworld.3)Bambooscanbefittedtogetherandusedaspipestocarrywaterbroughtfromariverorlakethroughthem.4)Thetrafficaccidentwastalkedaboutformanyyears.5)Allofuswillbeaskedtoattendthelecture.6)Abambooparkisbeingbuiltnearthefactory.7)Theroadtotheschoolhasbeenwidened.8)HadhebeensenttoworkinBeijingwhenyougotthere?Applyingtherule:1.Rewritethefollowingsentencesusingpassivevoice.1)Thegovernmentpaysforoureducation.2)Johngavemeabookasmybirthdaypresent.3)Theteachermadethestudentsstayafterschool.4)Thetwoboysarerepairingthedesk.5)Everyonecanenjoythistypeofmusic.6)Thestudentshaveinvitedustoadance.7)Theywillputofftheirweddingtillthenextweek.8)Peoplealwayslookdownuponliars.ispaidforIwasgivenweremadetostayisbeingrepairedcanbeenjoyedWehavebeeninvitedwillbeputoffarealwayslookeddownApplyingtherule:2.Completethefollowingshortpassagewiththeproperformofeachwordinbrackets.ThefirstHarryPotternovel______________(publish)in1997,sellingover250millioncopiesworldwide.TheHarryPotterbooks______________(sell)inmorethan200countriesand______________________(translate)into60differentlanguagesfromHinditoAncientGreek.Thenovelsalso_____________________________________(adapt)successfullyforthescreen.ThemostrecentfilmHarryPotterandthePrisonerofAzkaban______________(say)tohavebrokentherecordsintheUK,taking£11.5millioninitsfirstthreedaysonrelease(上映).waspublishedhavebeensoldtranslatedhavebeenadaptedwassaidLanguageNumberofSpeaker(inmillion)Mandarin(Putonghua)920Arabic220English337Italian70-125French220Spanish332Japanese100German1001)Mandarin________________byabout920millionpeoplewhichtakesroughly15%oftheworldpopulation.2)About220millionpeople________Arabicaroundtheworld.3)Morethan337millionpeopleworldwide________Englishastheirfirstlanguage.4)Italian_____________________________________________________________.5)French_______________________________________________________________.6)Itisbelievedthat________________________________________________________.7)____________________________________________________________________8)LikeJapanese,German__________________________________________________________.isspokenspeakspeakisspokenbyatleast70millionpeopleabout220millionpeoplearoundtheworldspeakSpanishisspokenby332millionpeopleNearly100millionpeoplespeakJapaneseisspokenby100millionpeopleallovertheworldPlacesofInterestListeningAndSpeaking2.听说练习2.ListeningandSpeaking1.Readthefollowingstepsofcheckinginatahotel.FamiliarizeyourselfwiththecoloredwordsThereceptionistandthecustomergreeteachother.Thereceptionistfillsinthehotelregistrationform.Thecustomertellsthereceptionisthisname.Thecustomertellsthereceptionisthisnationality.Thecustomertellsthereceptionistthenumberofhispassport.Thereceptionistregistersthenumberofthecustomer’sroom.2.ListeningandSpeaking2.Listentoadialogueandchoosethebestanswertocompleteeachofthefollowingstatements.1)Thereare________peopleinthedialogue.2)Mr.Clarkeistalkingto________.3)Mr.Clarkeplanstostayinthehotelfor________nights.4)Mr.Clarkeis________now.5)Hisnationalityis________,buthehascomefrom________.6)Hewillbegoingto________.CBAADC2.ListeningandSpeaking3.ListentothedialogueagainandfillinthehotelregistrationformClarkeBritishN387494F√67311th，April14th，AprilSingaporeBeijingCreditcard2.ListeningandSpeaking4.Imagineyouareareceptionistinahotelandyourpartnerisacustomerbookingaroombyphone.Makeupaconversationwiththehelpofthegivenexpressions.Youmaystartlikethis:A:Hello.ThisisNirvanaHotel.CanIhelpyou?B:Thisis...ReceptionistCustomerMayIhaveyourname,please?I’dliketobookaroomfor…Couldyoupleasespellit?I’llstayfrom…to…Howmanynightswillyoubestaying?Iwantaroomwith…(TV/airconditioner/bath…)Whattimewillyoubearriving?Howmuchwillitbeforonenight?Whatkindofroomdoyouwant?I’llbearrivingat…PlacesofInterestWriting3.写作3.WritingCardiffisthecapitalandthelargestcityinWales,anditisalsothePrincipality’smaineconomic,

industrialandculturalcenter.ItissituatedonthesoutheastcoastofWales,andthreerivers,theTaff,theElyandtheRhymneyflowthroughitintotheBristolChannel.AlargeareaofparklandliesnearthecenterofCardiff,andmanyofthecity’smajorcommercialbuildingsarefoundaroundCathaysPark.TheCivicCentreisalsolocatedhere,andthisincludestheLawCourts,theNationalMuseumofWalesandCardiffUniversity.FactoriesinCardiffproducepartsforcars,chemicals,electronic

equipment,engineeringproductsandprocessed

food.ModernrailandroadcommunicationslinkCardifftotherestofGreatBritain,andanairportliesoutsidetheedgeofthecity.CardiffnowisthepoliticalandcommercialcenterofW