高中英语高考一轮复习一轮复习 语法填空-名词形容词和副词类

【标题】语法填空—名词/形容词和副词类【题号】一.词形转换---句法功能法与位置判断法【答题】(2023•新高考Ⅰ卷)Manypeoplehavethehobbyofcollectingthings,e.g.stamps,postcardsorantiques.Inthe18thand19thcenturies,______(wealth)peopletravelledandcollectedplants,historicalobjectsandworksofart.【答案】wealthy【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】设空在句中作定语，修饰名词people，应用形容词，故填wealthy。【答题】(2023•全国卷Ⅱ)Bamboo:Chineselovetheir“LuckyBamboo”plantsandyouwillseethemoftenintheirhomesandoffice.______(certain)duringtheholidayperiod,thisplantisamust.【答案】Certainly【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】分析句子结构可知，设空在句中作状语修饰全句，应用副词，故填Certainly。【答题】(2023•全国卷Ⅱ)ChineseNewYearisa______(celebrate)markingtheendofthewinterseasonandthebeginningofspring.【答案】celebration【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】设空处所填词在句中作表语，且设空前是不定冠词a，应填名词。故填celebration。【答题】(2023•全国卷Ⅱ)BranchesofPlumBlossoms(梅花):The______(beauty)longbranchescoveredwithpink­coloredbuds(蓓蕾)makefantasticdecorations.【答案】beautiful【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】设空在句中修饰名词branches，应用形容词作定语。故填beautiful。【答题】(2023•全国卷Ⅲ)Asthesmallboatmoved______(gentle)alongtheriverhewasleftspeechlessbythemountainsbeingsilentlyreflectedinthewater.【答案】gently【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】设空处在句中修饰动词moved，应用副词gently作状语，表“缓缓地”。故填gently。【答题】(2023•全国卷Ⅰ)InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunavuthavereportedincreasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements,leadingtoa______(believe)thatpopulationsareincreasing.【答案】belief【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】此处为动词短语leadto的宾语，且前面有a修饰，故要用名词单数形式。【答题】(2023•全国卷Ⅱ)Heryearsofhardworkhave______(final)beenacknowledgedafteracustomernominated(提名)hertobeCheshire'sWomanOfTheYear.【答案】finally【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】设空处修饰谓语havebeenacknowledged，应用副词，故填finally。【答题】(2023•全国卷Ⅲ)Whentheywerefreefromwork,theyinvitedustolocaleventsandletusknowofaninteresting______(compete)towatch,togetherwiththestorybehindit.【答案】competition【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】设空处在句中作knowof的宾语，且设空所填词由空格前的不定冠词an和形容词interesting修饰，由此可知该空应填单数名词。故填competition。【答题】(2023•全国卷Ⅲ)Theyalsosharedwithusmany______(tradition)storiesaboutHawaiithatwere______(huge)popularwithtourists.【答案】traditionalhugely【答案c】traditional,hugely【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】第一空在句中修饰名词stories作定语，应用形容词，tradition的形容词为traditional，故填traditional。第二空在句中作状语修饰形容词popular，应用副词，huge的副词为hugely，故填hugely。【答题】(2023•全国卷Ⅰ)Toavoidkneepain,youcanrunonsoftsurfaces,doexercisesto______(strength)yourlegmuscles(肌肉),avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes.【答案】strengthen【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】句意：为了避免膝盖疼痛，你可以在柔软的地面上跑步、锻炼以增强腿部肌肉，避免山路并穿上优质的跑步鞋。设空前是不定式符号to，设空后是名词短语，故该空应填strength的动词形式strengthen，意为“加强”。【答题】(2023•天津高考7月卷)AccordingtoProfessorJohnson,wedon'thavetoreadthebookifwedon'twantto,asitis______(option).【答案】optional【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】句意：根据约翰逊教授的说法，如果我们不想读这本书，就不必读，因为它是可选择的。空处在句中作表语，应用形容词，表“可选择的”，故填optional。【答题】(2023•浙江高考1月卷)Thisis______(particular)trueintheUS.Thesecondreasonisthatpeoplearelivinglonger.【答案】particularly【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】设空在句中作状语，修饰形容词true，表“尤其地；特别地”，应用副词，故填particularly。【题号】二.考查比较等级——利用标志词确定比较级【答题】(2023•全国卷Ⅲ)Onedaytheemperorwantedtogethisportrait(画像)donesohecalledallgreatartiststocomeandpresenttheir______(fine)work,sothathecouldchoosethebest.【答案】finest【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】句意：一天，皇帝想让人给他画一幅肖像，于是他把所有伟大的画家都请来，展示他们最好的作品，以便他挑选最好的。结合句意，皇帝想要画家最好的作品，表示“最好的”此处应用形容词最高级finest。故填finest。【答题】(2023•全国卷Ⅰ)Scientistshaverespondedbynotingthathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements,leadingtotheillusion(错觉)thatpopulationsare______(high)thantheyactuallyare.【答案】higher【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】根据设空后的比较级提示词than可知，设空处应填形容词的比较级，故填higher。【答题】(2023•全国卷Ⅰ)Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyears______(long)thannon­runners.【答案】longer【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】句意：根据一份医学杂志中的证据报告，跑步者比非跑步者的寿命长三年。设空后是比较级提示词than，故该空应填比较级longer。【答题】(2023•全国卷Ⅲ)Hescreamsthe______(loud)ofall.Thenoiseshakesthetreesasthemalebeatshischestandchargestowardme.【答案】loudest【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】根据语境“他尖叫的声音最大”，结合设空前的定冠词the和设空后的表示范围的介词短语ofall可知，该空应用最高级，故填loudest。【答题】(2023•浙江高考1月卷)Thefirstisdecliningbirthrates,whichmeansoldgenerationsarelargecomparedtoyoungergenerations,andso,onaverage,thepopulationbecomes______(old)thanbefore.【答案】older【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】句意：第一个是出生率下降，这意味着老年人口比年轻人人口多，因此，平均而言，人口比以前老龄化。根据句中比较级提示词than，可知此处用比较级，故填older。【答题】(2023•浙江高考)Therecouldbeaneven______(high)costonyourhealth.【答案】higher【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】设空修饰名词cost，应用形容词，设空前的even表示程度，修饰比较级，故填higher。【题号】三.考查名词的单复数——利用标志词确定名词的单复数【答题】(2023•全国卷Ⅰ)Amerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromall______(cause).【答案】causes【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】cause作“原因”讲时，是可数名词，根据设空前的all可知，设空处应用复数名词，故填causes。【答题】(2023•全国卷Ⅱ)Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterrible______(crowd)ontheroadsaboveastheytravelledtoandfromwork.【答案】crowds【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】设空前有形容词terrible，故该空不能填动名词。crowd作“人群”讲时，为可数名词，常用复数形式。thecrowd“人群”；acrowdof“一群/一堆……”，crowdsof“成群的……”；becrowdedwith“挤满……”。【答题】(2023•全国卷Ⅲ)Shehasturneddownseveral______(invitation)tostaratshowsinordertoconcentrateonherstudies.【答案】invitations【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】句意：为了专心学习，她已经拒绝了几场走秀。根据设空前的several可知，设空所填名词应用复数形式。句中应记牢的短语turndown“拒绝”；concentrateon“专心于”。【答题】(2023•浙江高考7月卷)Later,theylearnedtoworkwiththe______(season),plantingattherighttimeand,indryareas,makinguseofannualfloodstoirrigate(灌溉)theirfields.【答案】seasons【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】句意：后来，他们学会了因地制宜，在适当的时间播种，在干旱地区，利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。结合常识可知此处指一年四季，故season应用复数形式。故填seasons。【答题】(2023•浙江高考1月卷)ForJapan,the______(number)aremorestriking—22in1950,46todayand53in2050.【答案】numbers【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】句意：对日本来说，这个数字更惊人——1950年是22，现在是46,2050年是53。设空在句中作主语，根据谓语动词are可知，主语应用复数，故填numbers。【答题】(2023•北京高考)Nomatterwhatyouliketodo,thereisawaytogetinvolvedinvarious______(activity)onEarthDay.【答案】activities【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】设空在句中作in的宾语，且设空前是形容词various,故填复数形式activities。【答题】(2023•浙江高考11月卷改编)Onestudyshowedthat______(woman)whodrankalotofcoffee,likeeightormorecupsperday,whiletheywerepregnantweremorelikelytohave______(child)withbirthdefects.【答案】womenchildren【答案c】women,children【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】根据该句中的代词they和第一空前无表示“一”的限定词可知，第一空后应用复数形式，故填women;第二空在句中作宾语，且与句中已有的主语they一致，应用复数形式，故填children。【题号】四.语法填空（2023学年北京市房山区高二下学期期中）【答题】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Duringmysecondmonthofnursingschool,ourprofessorgaveusaquizwithaquestion:“Whatisthefirstnameofthewoman,whocleanstheschool?”Surelythiswassomekindofjoke.I(1)______(see)thecleaningwomanbefore,buthowcouldIknowhername?Ihandedinmypaper,(2)______(leave)thelastquestionblank.Beforetheclassended,onestudentaskedifthelastquestionwouldcounttowardourquizgrade.“Absolutely.”saidtheprofessor.“You'relikely(3)______(meet)manypeople.Theyalldeserveyourattentionandcare.”I'veneverforgottenthatlesson.【答案】hadseenleavingtomeet【答案c】<hadseen>,leaving,<tomeet>【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者上卫校时，教授给他们一个小测验的故事。(1)考查动词时态。句意：我以前见过清洁工，但我怎样知道她的名字呢？本文主要讲述过去上学时发生的故事，是一般过去时。这里指教授测验前我见过清洁女工，因此指过去的过去，要用过去完成时。故填hadseen。(2)考查非谓语动词。句意：我交了卷子，留下最后一题空白。空格前是一个完整的句子，空格处是状语，表伴随。由于leave和主语I是主动关系，因此用现在分词，故填leaving。(3)考查固定句型。句意：你可能会遇见许多人，他们值得你关注和关心。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处是固定句型belikelytodo(可能做某事）。故填tomeet。【答题】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Inthelate19thcentury,Americanlaborunionswerefedupwithbeingoverworked,indangerousconditionsandwithlittlepay.In1884,theFederationofOrganizedTradesandLaborUnionsmetinChicagoand(1)______(have)onemajordemand:aneight-hourworkday.And(2)______May1,1886,over300,000American(3)______(worker)wentonstrike.Today,May1isknownasInternationalWorkers’Day.Whileevery-country'sworkershaveadifferenthistorybehindMayDay,theyallcelebratethepeople(4)______givetheirlivesforworkers'justice.【答案】hadonworkerswho/that【答案c】had,on,workers,[who,that]【分析】本题考查语法填空。【解答】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了五一国际劳动节的由来。(1)考查时态。句意：1884年，美国工会联合会在芝加哥开会，提出了一个主要要求：每天工作八小时。根据句中时间状语In1884可知，用一般过去时。故填had。(2)考查介词。句意：1886年5月1日，超过30万美国工人举行了罢工。英语中，表示具体某一天，用介词on。故填on。(3)考查名词的数。句意：1886年5月1日，超过30万美国工人举行了罢工。名词worker为可数名词，根据前数词over300,000可知，用名词的复数形式。故填workers。(4)考查定语从句。句意：虽然每个国家的工人在五一节之后有着不同的历史，但他们都在庆祝那些为工人的公正献出生命的人。句中先行词为people，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who或that引导。故填who/that。【答题