动词不定式主动表被动的情况

动词不定式主动表被动的情况：动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式，它有时态的变化，有主动和被动之分。当不定式的逻辑主语为不定式所表示动作的承受者时，通常需用不定式的被动形式。如：Heaskedtobesenttothefront.（他请求被派往前线。）但是，在下列情况下，常用不定式的主动形式来表示被动的含义：.在“形容词+不定式”结构作表语、宾补和定语时，其中形容词多为表示性质的词，如：easy,hard,good,difficult,interesting等。如：Theseapplesaregoodtoeat.Ifindthelecturedifficulttounderstand.我发现这个报告很难懂。Heisamaneasytogetonwith.他是一个容易相处的人。.在too...to...或enough...to...结构中。如:Theboxistooheavytomove.move.这个箱子太重，搬不动。Thebookischeapenoughtobuy.这本书很便宜可以买。.在“疑问代词+不定式”结构中。如：Idon'tknowwhattodonext.我不知道下一步该做什么。Shewilltellyouwhichbustotake.她会告诉你坐哪路公共汽车。.在不定式作定语，与被修饰词之间有动宾关系，而与句中的另一名词或代词之间有主谓关系时。如:Ihaveameetingtoattendtoday,今天我有个会议要参加。Hegavemesomebookstoread.他给了我一些书看。注意：(1)用作定语的不定式为“动词+介词”是介词不能省略。Canyougivemeapieceofpapertowriteon.(2)但如果没有这种主谓关系，则需要用不定式的被动形式。如：I'mgoingtoBeijingnextweek.Doyouhaveanythingtobetakentoyourparents下周我要去北京，你有什么东西(让我)捎给你父母吗【拓展】常用句型1)have(give,show)sth.todoHaveyouanythingtodothisafternoon今天下午你有事要做吗Pleasegetmesomethingtoread.请给我弄点读的材料。)It(This,That)+be+a/an+adj.+n.+todoItisaneasysentencetotranslate.这个句子很容易翻译。.在下列句型中，tolet,toblame,toseek等用不定形式表示被动含义。如：Thehouseistolet.这栋房子要出租。Whoistoblameforit这得怪谁Thereasonisnotfartoseek.理由不难找到。.在therebe结构中，用来修饰主语的不定式可以用被动形式，也可以用主动形式，在口语中用主动形式的时候更多一些。如:Thereisnotimetolose(tobelost).时间紧迫,不能耽误了。Therearestillmanydifficultiestoovercome(tobeovercome).还有许多困难要克服。但有时候用主动和被动可分别表示不同的意思。试比较：Thereisnothingtodonow.(Wehavenothingtodo.)我们现在没事干。Thereisnothingtobedonenow.(Wecandonothingnow.)现在没有什么办法了。Thereisnothingtosee.(nothingworthseeing)没有东西值得看。Thereisnothingtobeseen.(nothingthereatall)看不见什么东西。7.在with的复合结构中用主动形式表被动Withalotofdifficultproblemtosettle,themanagerwillhaveahardtime.练习：选择填空。练习：选择填空。Thechairlooksratherhard,butinfactitisverycomfortabletoa.sitb.sitonc.besatd.besatonI'mhungry.Getmesomething.a.eatb.toeatc.tobeeatd.foreatingItisdifficultforaforeigner Chinese.a.writeb.towritec.tobewrittend.writtenIhavenomoreletters ,thankyou.a.totypeb.typingc.tobetypedd.typed5.Thecarisratherdifficulta.torepairb.toberepairedc.repairingd.beingrepaired独立动词不定式:有些动词不定式常用来表示说话人呢对所谈内容所持的态度或看法Tobehonest说实话Totellyouthetruth说实话一..Identifyitsfunction（说明下列不定式的用法）.Itisgoodtohelpothers.Itismyambitiontomakesurethatthedisabledpeopleinourneighborhoodhaveaccesstoallpublicbuildings.MyambitionistoworkinthecomputerindustrywhenIgrowup.Idon’thavetimetositaroundfeelingsorryformyself.Iamtheonlystudentinmyclasstohaveapetsnake.Abigcompanyhasdecidedtobuyitfromme.MyfellowstudentshavebeguntoacceptmeforwhoIam.Ihavehadtoworkhardtoliveanormallife.SomedaysIamtootiredtogetoutofbed.Wemustcallonlocalgovernmenttogivefinancialassistancetodisabledpeople.二.不定式填空I hope (invite)totheparty.theydon’tallowthesebooks (take)outofthereading-room.hepretended (read)thebookbefore.wehadnochoicebut (do)whatwewereasked.beforeheletus (go)hemade us (promise). (not tell)anyonewhatwehadseen.6. Iexpect(finish)theworkbytheendofnextmonth.7.theydidalltheycould (save)thechild.8.why(notreport)tothepolicewhentheaccidenthappens9.Ihavesomethingimportant (tell)you.三.改错1.Isawhimtofalloffthebikejustnow.2.Iwouldratherwalktothecinemathantotakeataxi.3.Shepreferredtostayathomeratherthantogooutforawalk.WhynottotrytakingaboattogothereIcoulddonothingbuttowaitthere.You’dbettertolosesomeweight.Ifshecomeshere,Iwillletyoutoknow.Iheardhimtosingjustnow.非谓语动词的时态和语态

动词不定式分现在分词主动被动主动被动一般式完成式进行式完成进行式非谓语动词的句法功能壬语宾语表语定语状语*补不