网校词汇课程3

【直播课堂】

雅思词汇语法基础第四节主讲：董伟娜课程大纲第1次课：句子的主干，延展和修饰第2次课：句子的合并（1）：并列第3次课：句子的合并（2）：包含；相交；相离本课程的特点：真题例句，合适句长话题中心，情景学习精讲精练，互动参与第1次课：主干的修饰三、主干的修饰名词（n.)动词(v.)adj.adv.介词短语介词短语doing/done/tododoing/done/todo引导词+句子（定从）引导词+句子（状从）(一)名词的修饰三、主干的修饰1.adj.+n.+adj.短语naturalresourcesmodernindustryculturalchangeathree-stageprocess(三个阶段的过程）thematerialnecessarytotheinvention【练】theteacher/befriendlytothescientist/befamiliarwithChinesehistoryThestudent/bekeenonthemusic三、主干的修饰2.名词+介词短语（介词+n.)ThepeopleintheurbanareaThepublications_____thenativelanguageThesolution____theproblemsastone_____hopeamountain_____despairacrucialpart_____thedevelopment三、主干的修饰【练1/2】互联网是当今世界所有知识和信息的关键。（剑6,G,TB,W）TheInternetisthekey.Key-----toalltheknowledgeandinformationinthisworldtoday.(介词短语扩展名词）.三、主干的修饰【练2/2】从国内政治到国外政治的信息Information````Informationfrom```to```Informationwhichisfrom```to```Informationrangingfrom```to```三、主干的修饰3.doing/done+名词+doing/done/todoA________(sleep)boyThedictionary_________(publish)in1604Thebook___________(publish)byacertainJohnsonTheability______________(express)himselfinEnglishTheactor_______(hire)byMilgram位置：短前长后三、主干的修饰UFO

UnidentifiedFlyingObjectIELTSInternationalEnglishlanguageTestingSystem三、主干的修饰【练1/8】剥削阶级(exploit)

善解人意的人(understand)Theexploiting

class=theclassthatexploitsothersAnunderstanding

man=amanwhocanunderstandother’sfeelings三、主干的修饰【练2/8】所有这些活动都有可能产生破坏性的影响。（剑3,T2,R）Alltheseactivitiesmayhavedamaging

impacts.三、主干的修饰【练3/8】companiesemploypeoplewhohaveoverseasbackground.(定语从句）````peoplehavingoverseasbackground.(现在分词短语做后置定语）三、主干的修饰【练4/8】Shewouldliketotalkwiththeboywhoworkedwithher.

(定语从句)````theboyworkingwithher.(现在分词短语做后置定语）三、主干的修饰【练5/8】Mostgirlsprefertomarry

themanwhohasthesenseofresponsibility.(定语从句)```themanhavingthesenseofresponsibility.(现在分词短语做后置定语）三、主干的修饰【练6/8】Thelungsandbrainsofchildrenwhogrowupinpollutedairofferfurtherevidenceofitsdestructivepower.(剑3,T4,R)(定语从句)···childrengrowingupinpollutedair

`````(现在分词短语做后置定语）三、主干的修饰【练7/8】Inaland_______

(被台风席卷的）and________(被地震摇晃的）,howhaveJapan’stallestandseeminglyflimsiestoldbuildingsremainedstandingforcenturies?(剑7，T2，R）[hit]Sweep;shakeSweptbytyphoon

Shakenbyearthquake三、主干的修饰【练8/8】newsfromYahooPolicehunting

thekillerofapart-timepoliceofficerstabbed（刺杀）outsideherhomeinnorthwestLondonareseekingamanwearingahoodedtop（有兜帽的上衣）seenrunningawayfromthescene.三、主干的修饰【知识点】:分词构成的合成形容词.【练1/2】看电影耗费时间。Watchingmovies（动名词作主语）istime-consuming.【练2/2】减少私家车可以节省能源。Reducingtheprivatecars（动名词作主语）isenergy-saving.三、主干的修饰结构：分词构成的合成形容词n.(adj./adv.)+doing/doneEg:维和部队peacekeepforcePeace-keepingforce&peace-keptforce三、主干的修饰意思作用外部关系分词与修饰名词之间的关系（keep---force)决定现在分词还是过去分词。Peace-keepingforce三、主干的修饰吃人的野兽maneatbeastMan-eatingbeast远见卓识的政治家farseepoliticianAfar-seeingpolitician三、主干的修饰人造纤维manmakefiberMan-madefibers以美国为首的盟军U.S.leadcoalitionU.S.-ledcoalition三、主干的修饰【练】国有企业stateownenterprise

新当选的总统newelectpresident惊动世界的消息earthshakenewsKEY:State-ownedenterprisenewly-electedpresidentearth-shakingnews(二)动词的修饰（二）动词的修饰1.副词修饰动词Herarelygoestoschoolbybus.Heranveryfast.Theyweretalkingloudly.（二）动词的修饰2.介词短语修饰动词Ayoungmanandayoungwomanweresittingbehindme.Thebookwaspublishedonalargescale.三、主干的修饰3.doing/done/todo,句子.Thestudentdeliberatelygavethewronganswer,bringingonvariouselectricalpunishments.Accompaniedbyhermother,shejoinedthecompetitionlastweek.Theexperimentwasdesignedtotestthehypothesis.Totestthehypothesis,theexperimentwasdesigned.三、主干的修饰分词作状语的意义：时间，方式，原因，条件，让步，结果，伴随和补充状语等等。三、主干的修饰1.条件状语【练1/2】Therefore,jogginganddieting,carriedtoextremes,canbehazardous.因此，慢跑和节食，若是太过度，就可能很危险。Carriedtoextremes=iftheyarecarriedtoextremes.三、主干的修饰【练2/2】睡得很沉，如果被叫醒，睡眠者会迷迷糊糊，失去方向感。（剑5,G,TA,R）【基本表达】Ifheisawoken,``【分词表达】IfawokenTheslumberissodeepthat,ifawoken,thesleeperwouldbeconfusedanddisorientated.三、主干的修饰2.方式状语InItalianlegends,mermaidscomeashore,marrymen,andbearthemchildren.Butintimetheirmermaidwivesdeserttheirhusbandsandtaketheirchildrenawaytothedepthoftheocean.TheChinesesaythemermaidspasstheirtimeweaving.Whentheyweep,theirtearsturnintopearls.Themermaidspasstheirtimeweaving.三、主干的修饰3.伴随状语【练】现在许多农民返回传统的种植方式，参照他们祖先的方式去处理各种特殊的病虫害问题。（剑3,T2,W）Nowmanyfarmershaverevertedtotraditionalfarmingmethods,referringto

theirancestors’waytohandlespecificpestofdiseaseproblems.三、主干的修饰扩展：【练】Theexpertsalwaysdisagreethelatterpointandbelievethat`````.(雅思写作）Theexpertsalwaysdisagreethelatterpoint,believingthat````.三、主干的修饰4.原因状语【练1/3】由于重病在身，他再也不能清楚地说话。【基本表达】becausehegotsickseriously,hewasnolongerabletospeakclearly.【分词表达】Gettingsickseriously,he```.Affectedwithaseriousdisease,hewas```.三、主干的修饰【练2/3】因为想着肯定会迟到，布朗太太决定打的。【基本表达】becauseshethinkshemustbelate,MissBrowndecidedtotakeataxi.【分词表达】Thinking

shemustbelate,MissBrowndecidedtotakeataxi.三、主干的修饰【练3/3】目光长远的人对困难泰然处之,因为他们知道时间往往使不可能的事情成为可能。Thosewhotakethelongviewarepatientwithdifficulties,becausetheyknowthattimeoftenmakestheimpossiblepossible.Thosewhotakethelongviewarepatientwithdifficulties,knowingthattimeoftenmakestheimpossiblepossible.第2次课：句子的并列句子的并列1.句子并列的要求：词性和形式保持对等。写作练习：livinginthecityismoreinterestingthanlivinginthecountry.Travelingabroadcanlearnnewcustoms,enlargeyourhorizonsandmakenewfriends.Latinwassuitableforaninternationalaudienceofscholars,whereasEnglishreachedasociallywider,butmorelocal,audience.句子的并列阅读练习Inpurelyscientificterms,Baekeland'smajorcontributiontothefieldisnotsomuchtheactualdiscoveryofthematerialtowhichhegavehisname,butratherthemethodbywhichareactionbetweenphenolandformaldehydecouldbecontrolled,thusmakingpossibleitspreparationonacommercialbasis.Itthenfellfromfavouragainduringthe1950s,andwasdespisedanddestroyedinvastquantities.句子的并列GraemeRitchie,acomputationallinguistinEdinburgh,studiesthelinguisticstructureofjokesinordertounderstandnotonlyhumourbutlanguageunderstandingandreasoninginmachines.Theseabruptchangeswillproduceeitherpositiveornegativefeelings.句子的并列Humans,whohavedevelopedamuchmorecomplicatedinternallifeasaresultoflanguage,respondemotionallynotonlytotheirsurroundings,buttotheirownthoughts.