高中英语语法大全 精品

高中英语语法全词法第1主一致一念:主谓一致是指1）语法形式上一致，即单复数形与谓语要一致。2）意义上要一，即主语意义上的复数要与谓语的复数形一致。3）就近原则，谓语动词的单复形取决于最靠近它词语，一般来说，不数名词动词单数，可数名词复数动词复。例如：Thereismuchwaterinthethermos.但当不可数名前有表数量的复数名词时，谓动词用数形式。例如：Tenthousandtonscoalwereproducedlastyear.二关知识点精讲1.并列结构主语时谓语用复数例如：1

Readingandwritingareveryimportant.读写很重要。注意：当主语and结时如果它表示一个单一的念，即指同一人同一物时，谓语动用单数and此时连接的两个词前只一个冠。例如：Theironsteelindustryisveryimportanttoourlife.钢工业对我的生活有重要义。典型例题TheLeaguesecretarymonitor___askedtomakeaspeechatthemeeting.A.isB.wasC.areD.答案B.注先从时态上考虑这是过去发生的情应用去时，先排除A.，C本题易误选D因为TheLeaguesecretaryandmonitor好象是两人，但细辨别monitor前没有the在英中，当人兼数职时只在第个职务加定冠词后面的职务用and相连。这样本题主语为一个人，所以应选B2

2.主一致中的靠近原则1)当therebe句型的主语一系列事物时谓语与最邻近的主语保一致。例如：Thereisapen,knifeandseveralbooksonthedesk.桌上有一支笔、把小刀和几本书Therearetwentyboy-studentsandtwenty-threegirl-studentstheclass.班上有二十个孩，二三个女孩。2）当either…or与neithernor连接两个主语谓语动词与最邻的主语保持一致如果句子是由here,there引导而主语又不止个时谓语常也和最邻近的主语一致。如：Eitheryouorsheisgo.是你去，就是她去。Hereisaafewenvelopsandsomepaperforyou.给你、信封和。3.谓语动词前面的主语一致当with,togetherwith,like,except,but,nolessthan,wellas词组成的短语谓语动词与前面主语部3

分一致。例如Theteachertogetherwithsomestudentsisvisitingthefactory.教师和一些学生在观工厂HeaswellasIwantstogoboating.他和我想去划。4.谓需用单数的情况1代each及every,some,no,等构成的复合词作主时或主语中含有each,every时谓语需用单数例如：Eachhasatape-recorder.我们每人都有录机。Thereissomethingwrongmywatch.我的表坏了2主语是本书或条格言时，谓语动词常用单数例如：TheArabianNightisabookknowntoloversofEnglish.天方夜谭》英语爱好者熟悉一本书3）表金钱，间，价格或度量衡复合名词作主语通常把这些名词作一个整体，谓语一用单数例如：4

Threeweekswasallowedmakingthenecessarypreparations.用三个星期来做准备。Tenyuanenough.十元够了。5.指代意义定谓语的单复数1）词what,which,who,none,some,any,most,all词的单数由其指代的词的单复决定。如：Allisright.一切顺利。Allarepresent.人都到了。2体名词作主语时，谓语的数要根主语的意思来决。如family,audience,crew,crowd,class,company,committee后，谓语动词复数形时强调这个集中的各成员用单时强调该集体的体。例：Hisfamilyisn'tvery他成员不多。Hisfamilyaremusiclovers.他家个个都是音爱好者但集合名词people,cattle,poultry在任何情况都用复数形式。例5

如：Arethereanyaround?近有警察吗？3）名词variety,number,population,majority等有时看作单数，时看作数。例如：Anumberof+词复数+复数动。Thenumberof名词复数单数动。Anumberofbookslentout.ThemajorityofthestudentsEnglish.6.与后接名或代词保持一致的况1）用halfmostof,noneof,heapsof,lotsplenty等引起主语时，谓语动词通常与of后面的名代词保持一致。如：Mostofhismoneyisspentbooks.他大部分的钱在书上。Mostofthestudentstakinganactivepartsports.大分学生极参与体育运动2）用aportionaseriesof,apile6

of,panel等起主语，谓语词通常用单数。例：seriesofaccidentshasbeenreported.媒体报道了一串的事故。Apileoflotswassetbesidethehearth.炉边有一堆木柴3）如manya或morethan所修饰的短语作主语时谓语动多用单数形式。但由than…of作主语时，动词应与其后名词或词保持一致。例如：Manypersonhasreadthenovel.许多人读过这书。Morethan60percentofthestudentsarefromthecity.分之六十多的学生来自个城市三固练习（）Theof______fifty,butanumberofthem_______absentfordifferentreasons.A.were,wasB.was,7

C.was,wereD.were,were（）E-mail,astelephones,________animportantpartindailycommunication.A.isplayingB.haveplayedC.areplayingD.play（）______ofthelandinthatdistrict______coveredwithtreesandgrass.A.Twofifth,isB.Twofifth,areC.Twofifths,isD.Twofifths,are（）4.Tenminutes______alongtimeforonewhowaits.A.

seemB.seemsC.

seemedD.areseemed8

（）Ericistheonlyonetheboyswho_____adrivinglicense.A.

hasB.haveC.ishavingD.are（）6.JoyandSorrow_____next-doorA.isC.wereD.be

B.are（7.Inmyopinion,someofthe_____unbelievable.A.are

B.C.hasbeenD.havebeen（）8.When______theUnitedNationsfounded?A.isC.wasD.were

B.are（）9.Everypossiblemeans_____.A.hastried9

B.hasbeentriedC.wastriedD.weretried（）10.shesaysanddoes_____nothingtodowithme.A.wasB.wereC.hashave（）11.There_____adictionaryandseveralbooksonthedesk.A.areB.C.havebeenD.is（）Nobody______seenthefilm.It’aA.butTomandJackhaveB.exceptTomandhaveC.butmyfriendshasD.butIhave（）13.Noteachernostudent______A.areadmittedB.isadmittedC.areadmitting10

D.isadmitting（butone______herenow.A.is

B.wasC.hasbeenD.were（）15.Whenbuildthenewfactory_____yet.A.isnotdecidedB.arenotdecidedC.hasnotdecidedD.havedecided（）16.Thewriterandsinger______here.A.isB.areC.wereD.do（）17.AsIhaveameetingfour,tenminutes_____allthatcansparetotalkwithyou.A.areB.wasC.D.were（）18.InthoseJohnwithclassmates_____keptbusypreparing11

fortheexam.A.isB.areC.wasD.were（）19.—____yourclothes?—mine_____hangingoverthere.A.Isit,isB.Arethese,areC.Isit,areD.Arethese,is（）20.TheSmithswhich____ratheralargeone,____veryfondoftheiroldhouses.A.were,wereB.was,C.were,wasD.was,were（）21.Whattheteacherandthestudentswant_____that12

ofthecountries____beautiful.A.are,areB.is,isC.are,isD.is,are（）22.istheonlyofstudentswho_____awinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.A.

isB.areC.havebeenD.hasbeen（）23._____ofmybrothersarereporters.Coveringevents,meetings,orsportsmeetings______theirduty.A.Each,areB.Both,isC.Neither,areD.None,is（）——Whatdoyouof______ofthecoat?13

——Itsratherhigh.Youcanbuycheaperoneinthatshop.A.valueB.costC.priceD.use（）25.—Arethetwoanswerscorrect?——______correct.A.nooneisB.bothnotC.neitherisD.eitherisnot（）26.Thewind,togetherwithrainandfog,_____makingsailingdifficult.A.havebeenB.wasC.

/D/are四案1.CA3.4.B5.6.B7.8.C9.10.C11.D12.C13.14.D15.A16.A17.14

C18.C19.20.D21.22.D23.24.C25.C26.第2动的时态一念:时态是英语谓动词的种形式,表动作发生的时间所处的态.语中时态是通过动词式本身变化来实现的.英语有种时态,但中学阶段较常用有十种般现在时,过去时,般将来时去将时在进行时进行时将来进行时,去成时,在完成时和现在完成进行.二关知识点精讲1.一般现在时的法1）经常性或习性的动作，常与表频腮度的时间状连用时间状：every…,sometimes,at…onSunday。例如：Ileavehomeforschool7morning.每天早我七点开家。2）客观真理客观存在，科学事。例如：15

Theearthmovesaroundthesun.地球绕太阳转动ShanghailiesintheeastofChina.上海位于中国部。3）示格言或警句例如：Pridegoesbeforeafall.者必败。注意此用法果出现宾语从中，即使主句是过时，从句谓语也用一般在时。例Columbusprovedthattheearthisround.哥伦布证了地球圆的。4）现在时的状态能力性格个性。例如：Idon'twantsomuch.我不要么多。AnnwritesgoodEnglishdoesnotspeakwell.英语得不错，讲的可不行。比较：NowIputthesugarinthecup.把糖放入杯子。Iamdoingmyhomeworknow.16

我正在做功课第一句用一般在时用于作演示或指导说明的示性动作，表示言行的间动作第二句中的now是行时的标志，表示正在行的动的客观状况，所以后句用一现在时2.一过去时的用法1确定的去时间所发生的动作或存在的状态例如时间语有yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherin1982等例如：Wheredidyougojustnow?刚才你上哪儿去了？2示在过一段时内，经常性或习惯性的动作例如：Whenwasachild,Ioftenplayedfootballinthestreet.是个孩子的时候，常在马路踢足球WhenevertheBrownswentduringtheirvisit,theyweregivenawelcome.那时，布朗一无论什么时候去，受到热烈欢迎。17

3）型Itforsb.tosth"到…时间了"……了"例如istimeforyoutogotobed.该睡了。Itistimethatdidsth."时已迟了"早该……例如Itistimewenttobed.你该睡觉了。would（hadrathersb.didsth.表示宁愿某人某事'例如：I'dratheryoucametomorrow.还是天来吧。4）wonder,think,hope等用过去时，作试探性询问、求、建议等，而一般过去时表示动作或态都已成为过去，现已不复存在例如：Ithoughtmighthavesome.我以为你想要一些比较：Christinewasaninvalidallherlife.（含义她已不人间）Christinehasbeenaninvalidallher（含义：她现还活着）Mrs.DarbylivedKentucky18

forsevenyears.（义：达太太已再住在肯塔基）Mrs.DarbyhaslivedinKentuckyforsevenyears.（含义现在还住在肯塔基，有可指刚离去）注意：用过去表示现，表示委婉语气。1）词want,hope,wonder,think,intend等。例如：Didyouwantanythingelse?您还要些什么吗Iwonderedyoucouldhelpme.能不能帮我一。2）态词could,。例如：Couldyoulendyourbike?的自行车，能用一些？3.一般将来1）shall用于第一人称常被will所代替。will在述句用于各人称，在征求意见时常用第二人。例如：WhichparagraphshallIreadfirst我先读一段呢19

Willyoubeathomeatthisevening?今晚七回家好？2）begoing+定式，表示将来。a.语的意图，即将做事。例如：Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?明天打算作什么？b.计划，安要发生事。例如：Theplaygoingtobeproducedmonth这出戏月开播c.迹象要发生的事例如Lookatthedarkclouds,theregoingtobeastorm.看那乌云，要下雨。3be+定式表将来，按计划或正安排将发生的。例如WearediscussthereportnextSaturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。4beabout+定式，意为马上做某事。例如HeisabouttoBeijing.他马上要去北。注意：betodo不能与tomorrow,next表示明确将来时的时间状连20

用。4.一般现在表将来1）下列动词come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return一般现时可以表示将来主要用来表示在时上已确定或安排好事情。如：Thetrainleavessixtomorrowmorning.火车明上午六开。Whendoesbusstar?Itstarsintenminutes.汽车什么时候开？十分钟后。2）here,there开始的倒装，表示动作正在进。例如Herecomesthebus.=busiscoming.车来了。Theregoesbell.Thebellisringing.铃了。3）时或条件句中。例如WhenBillcomes不是willcomeaskhimtowaitme.尔后，让等我。I'llwritetoyouasasI21

arrivethere.我到那里，就信给你。4）动hope,takecarethat,makesurethat的宾语从句中例如：Ihopehaveanicetimenextweek.我希望们下星玩得开心。Makesurethatthewindowsareclosedbeforeyouleavetheroom.离开房间前，务必窗户关。5.用现在进行时表将来下列动词come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return等现在进行可以表示将来。例如I'mleaving明天我要走了。Areyouheretillnextweek?你会在这儿呆下周吗6.现完成时现在完成时用表示之已发生或完成的动作或状其结果的影响现还存在也可表持续到在的动或状态。其构成have（has）+过分词。7.比一般过去时与现在成时1般过去时表示过去某时发生的动或22

单纯叙述过去事情，调动作；现在完成时为过去发生强调过去的事情现在的影响，强调的影响。2般过去常与具的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与糊的时状语连用，或无时间语。一般过去时的间状语：yesterday,last，…in1980,October,justnow，皆为具体的时间状语现在完成时的间状语for,since,soever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,pastyears,always等，皆不确定的时间状。共同的时间语thismorning,tonight,thisApril,now,already,recently,lately等。3在完成可表示续到现在的动作或状态，动一般是续性的，如live,teach,learn,work,study,know.一般过去时常的非持性动词有come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become,getmarried等。例：23

Isawthisfilmyesterday.（调看的动作发过了）Ihaveseenthisfilm.强对现在的影响，影的内已经知道了）Whydidyougetupsoearly?（强调起床的动作发生过）Whohasn'thandedinhispaper?（强调有卷子交，疑不公平竞争）HehasbeenintheLeagueforthreeyears.（在团内的状态可延续）HehasbeenLeaguememberforthreeyears.（是团员的状态可持续）句子中如有过时的时副词（如yesterday,last,week,1960）时，不能使用现在完时，要过去时。（错）Tomwrittenalettertohisparentslastnight.（对）Tomwrotelettertohisparentslastnight.8.用现在完成时的句型1）Itisthefirst/secondtime....that…结构中的从部分，用现在完成。24

例如：ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedthecity.这是我第次访问城市。Thisisthefirsttime（）heardhimsing.这是我第次听他唱歌。注意：Itwasthethirdtimethattheboyhadbeenlate.2）Thisis形容词高级+that结构，that从句要用现在完成时。如：ThisisthebestfilmthatI've（ever）seen.这是我过的最的电影。9.过去完成1）念：表示过去过去----|----------|--------|---->其构成是had过去分词构成。那时以前那时现在2）法a.在told,said,knew,heard,thought等词后的语从句。例如：Shesaidthat）shehadbeentoParis.她告诉我她曾去过巴。25

b.语从句在过去不同时发生的两个动作中，发生在先用过去成时；发生在后，用一般过去时例如：Whenthepolicearrived,thethieveshadrun警到时，小们早就跑了。c.示意向的动词如hope,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等，用过去完时表示"原本，未能"。例如：Wehadhopedthatwouldcome,butyoudidn't.时我们希望你能来，但是你没有来。3）过去完成的时间语before,by,untilwhen,after,once,assoonas。例如：HesaidhadlearnedEnglishbefore.他说过以前学一些英语。Bythetimewastwelve,Edisonhadbegantomakealivingby26

himself.到了十二那年，迪生开始自己谋生。Tomwasdisappointedmostoftheguestshadleftwhenhearrivedattheparty.汤姆失望了，为他到晚会时，大部分客人已走了。10.用一般去时代过去完成时1两动作如按序发生，又不强调先后，或用andbut等连词时，用一般过去时例如：Whenshesawthemouse，shescreamed.她看到老鼠，就叫了起。MyauntgavemehatandIlostit.姑妈给我一顶子，我把它丢了。2）两个作相继发生，可用般过去时；如第一个作需要干时间完成，用过去完成时。例：Whenheardthenews,wasveryexcited.3）叙述历史事实，可不用过去完成，而只用一般过时。例：27

OurteachertoldusColumbusdiscoveredAmericain1492.11.将来成时1）构成havedone2）概念a.状态完成：表示事继续将来某一时为止一直的状态例如：Theywillhavebeenmarriedfor20yearsbythen.到那时们结婚有二十年了。b.动完成：表示将来某时或另个将来的动作前，已经完成的作或获的经验。例如YouwillhavereachedShanghaibythistimetomorrow.明天此时，已经到达上海了12现进行时现在进行时的本用法a.表示现在（指说人说话时）正在发生的事情。如：Wearewaitingforyou.我们正在等你。28

b.习惯进行：表示期的或重复性的动作，说话时作未必在进行。例如：Mr.Greeniswritinganothernovel.他在写另一部小说（说话时并未在写，只处于作的状）c.表示渐变这样的动词grow,become,turn,run,go,begin等。如：Theleavesareturningred.子在变红。It'sgettingwarmerandwarmer.天越来越热了d.与always,constantly,forever等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存的状态往往带有说话人的主观色例如：Youarealwayschanging你老是改变主。13.过去进时1念：表过去某正在进行的状态或动作。2去进行的主要法是描述一件事发生的背景；个长动延续的时候，另一个短动作发生29

3）常用的时间状语有thismorning,wholemorning,alldayyesterday,fromninetotenevening,when,while等。例如：Mybrotherfellwhilewasridinghisbicycleandhurthimself.我弟骑车时摔了下，受了。Itwasrainingwhentheythestation.他们离车站时正下着雨。WhenIgottothetopofthemountain,thesunshining.我到山顶时，阳光烂。14.将来进时1）概念：表示来某时进行的状态动作，或按预测来会发的事情。例如：She'llbecoming她会很快来的。I'llbemeetinghimsometimeinthefuture.将来我一去见他注意：将来进时不用表示"志"不能说behavingatalkher.2常用时间状有soon,tomorrow,this30

evening，onSunday,bythis，tomorrow,intwodays,tomorrowevening等例：thistimetomorrow,lyingonthebeach.明天此时，我躺在海上呢。15.一般现时代替般将来时When,while,before,after,till,once,assoonas,longas,bythetime,if,incase（that）unless,evenif,whether,moment,theminute,theday,theyear,immediately等引导的时间状语从句条件中用一般在时代将来时例如：HeisgoingtovisitauntthehearrivesinBeijing.他一到北京，就去看他姨妈。16.一般现时代替般过去时1）"书上"，报纸上说等。例如：Thenewspapersaysthatit'sgoingtobecoldtomorrow.纸上说明天会很冷的。2）叙述往事，使其动。例：31

Napoleon'sarmynowadvancesthegreatbattlebegins.拿仑的军正在向前挺进，大战始了17.一般现时代替在完成时1）些动词用一般在时代完成时如hear,learn,write,understand,forget,know,find,say,remember等。例如：Ihearhaveheard）hewillgotoLondon.我听了他将去敦。Iforget=haveforgotten）howoldheis.我忘他多大。2）用句"is……"代替"Ithasbeen…since…。例：Itis=hasbeen）yearssincewelastmet.从我上次见以来，五年过去了。18.一般现时代替在进行时。在Here/Theregoes…等型里，用一般现时代替在进行时。例如：Theregoesbell.铃响了。19.现在进时代替来时32

1）表示即将发的或预中计划好的活动。例如：Areyoustayingwithusthisweekend?和我们起度周好吗Weareleavingsoon.我马上就走。2）变动词如get,grow,become,begin及瞬间动die等。例如：Heisdying.他要死了。20.时态致1）如从句所叙述的为真或相对变的事实，则现在时例如：Atthattime,peopledidnotknowthattheearthmoves.时人们不知道地球是动的。Hetoldlastweekthatheiseighteen.上星期他告诉我他十八了。2）宾语从句中助动词ought,need,must,dare的态是不的。例如：HethoughtthatIneedtellyouthetruth.他为我不必诉你真。三固练习:33

1、I’givethebooktohimassoonashe________back.2、thebaby________cryingyet?(stop)3、IdontknowwhetherMother__________metoBeijingnextmonth.(take)4、She_______hercoatand(put)5、“Whataretheydoing?“They__________readyforthesports(get)6、Theboyaskedhismother________himgoandplay7、I’mtokeep____________forlongtime.(wait)8It________(take)himhalfanhour_______(finish)hishomeworkyesterday.9、If________interestingfilm,we’llittomorrow.(be)10Theyusually________(do)their34

homeworkaftersupper.11、Who_____________(sing)inthenextroomnow?12__________(be)yourparentsinShanghailastyear?13Mr.Yu_____________(teach)mathssince1982.14、TheyhaveatriptotheGreatWallifit(notrain)tomorrow.15、Lioften_________(listen)totheradiointhemorning.16、A:“Father,mayIoutandplayfootball?”B:“_____you____(do)yourhomework?”17、Allthepeopleinthetownare______(hear)thatafamousmusician___aconcertthisSaturdayevening.(give)18、Ourteachertold_____(notsnow)wewouldvisittheScienceMuseumthenextday.19、Theyoften_______(play)35

footballintheafternoon.20、reyoudoingDad?B:I_______(mend)theradio.21、Lets_______(carry)thetothehouse.22Yesterday______(want)verymuchtoseethefilm,butshecouldn’t__(get)aticket.23、_________(write)toassoonIgettoShanghai.24、Mike___________(visit)severalplacessincehecametoBeijing.25、He___________fourletterstohiswifeeverymonth.26Don’tmakeanynoise,Grandma___________(sleep).27Hisaunt___________(do)somecookingwhencamein.28、Whenthey___________(reach)thestation,thetrainhadalreadyleft.29、There___________(be)ameetingnextMonday.36

30___________(know)eachothersinceourboyhood..31Sometimesmyfather___________(come)backhomelate.32、They___________(have)Englisheveningnextweek.33Imglad___________(hear)that.34WeiFangtShe___________(go)tothereading-room.35、Thestory___________(happen)longago.36They___________(visit)theHistoryMuseumlastweek.37、ZhangHong___________(make)manyfriendssinceshecametoParis.38、She___________(go)tothecinemawithherclassmatestomorrowevening.39、here,bag.Dontgoout.It___________(rain)now.40LiPing___________(write)acompositioneveryweek.41、Thescientist(give)us37

atalkyesterday.42parents___________(live)inBeijingsince1949.43Look!Theyoungworker___________(show)thestudentsaroundfactorynow.44They___________(build)anewbridgeoverriveryear.45、Thestudents___________(clean)theirclassroomtomorrow.46、Thewindowsoflab___________(clean)onceweek.47、Ourteacher___________(join)thepartytwentyyearsago.48Theboys___________(have)abasketballmatchnow.Let’___(go)and_____(watch).49、She___________(work)inthisfactoryfortenyears.50“Whatmakesyou___________(think)I’mafarmer?”theFrenchmanasked.四案38

1.comes2.stopped3.willtake4.put

done29.willbe17.to30.havehear…es18.’t32.will5.aregetting6.tolet7.waiting8.took…tofinish9.is10.do11.issinging12.Was13.hastaught14.doesntrain15.16.Have…

snow19.play20.ammending21.carry22.,get23.willwrite24.hasvisited25.26.issleeping27.wasdoing28.reached39

have33.tohear34.hasgone35.happened36.visited37.hasmade38.will39.israining40.writes41.gave42.havelived43.is

showing44.willbuild45.willclean46.iscleaned47.joined48.arehaving,go…watch49.hasworkedthink40

第三章动词的态一念:动词的语态是词的一形式,表示主语和谓语之间法或语的关系.英语的语态有两种主动语态和动语态主语态用于主动句,表示主是动作执行者被动语态用于被句表示主语是动的承受者.动语态的成方式动词时相同,而被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成,有人称,数,时态变化二关识点精1.let的用1）当后只有一个单音节词，变被动语态时，可不带的不定式。例如Theyletthestrangego.他们放生人走了。--->Thestrangewasletgo.2）当let后宾较长时，let通常不用被动语态，而allowpermit替。例如：Thenurseletmegotoseemyclassmateinthehospital.那护让我41

去探望住院的学。---->wasallowed/permittedseemyclassmateinhospital.2.短语动词被动语态短语动词是一整体不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。如：MysisterwilltakencareofbyGrandma.我妹妹奶奶照。Suchahasneverbeenheardofbefore.这样的事闻所未。3.表"据说"或"相信的词组，基本上由believe,consider,declare,expect,feel,report,say,see,suppose,think,understand组成例如：Itissaidthat…据说Itisreported…据报Itisbelieved…大家相信Itishoped…大家望Itiswellknownthat…众周Itisthoughtthat大家认为Itissuggested…据建议Itistakengrantedthat…被视42

为当然Ithasbeendecidedthat…大决定Itmustremember务记住的是4.不被动语态的情况1）不及物动词或不及物动词短语，appear,diedisappear,end（vi.结束fail,happen,last,lie,remain,sit,spread,stand,breakout,cometrue,fallasleep,keepsilence,loseheart,take没有无被动语态。例如：Afterthefire,verylittleremainedofmyhouse.大火过后，家烧得所剩无几。比较：rise,fall,happen是不及物动词；raise,seat是及物动词要想正确地使被动语就须注意哪些动词是及物，哪些不及物的。特别是一词多义动词往有两种用法。解决这一问题有在学过程中多留43

意积累。2）不用于被动语态的及动词或词短语如fit,hold,marry,own,wish,cost,notice,watchagreewith,arriveat/in,shakehandswith,succeedin,sufferfrom,happento,takepartin,walkinto,belong等。例如：Thiskeyjustfitsthelock.这把钥匙只配这锁。Yourstoryagreeswhathadalreadybeenheard.你说的与我们听的一致。3）动词无被动语态，如appear,become,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,taste,等例如：Itsoundsgood.听上不错。4）同源宾语的及物动词如die/death,dream/dream，live/life，以反身代词，相互代词不能用被动语态。例如：Shedreamedadreamlastnight.44

她昨晚做了个梦。5）当语是不定式时，很用于被语态。例如：（对）Shelikestoswim.（错）swimislikedbyher.5.主动形式示被动义1）clean,iron,look,cut,sell,read,wear,feel,draw,write,sell等。例如：Thebooksellswell.这本书销路好。Thisknifecuts这刀子很好用。2）blame,（出租）,remain,keep,rent,build等。例如：Itoblamefortheaccident.故发生了，我受指责Muchworkremains.还有许多活干。3）require,worth（形容词）,deserve的动名必须用主动形式。例如：45

Thedoorneedsrepairing.=Thedoorneedstoberepaired.门该修了。Thisbookworthreading.这本书值得一读。4特殊构makesb.heardunderstood（使别人能听/理解自己）。例如Explainitclearlyandmakeyourself解清楚些，让别人理解你的话6.被动形式表示主意义，bedetermined,bepleased,begraduated（from）,beprepared（forbeoccupied）,married等例如：Heisgraduatedfromafamousuniversity.他毕业于一所有名的大学。注意：表示同人结婚用marrysb.或getmarried均可。例如：Hemarriedrichgirl.他与一个富妞结婚了。Hegotmarriedarichgirl.7.need/want/require/worth46

当need,want,require,beworth后面接doing表的是被意义例如：Yourhairwantscutting.你的头发该理了。Thefloorrequires板需要冲洗。三固练习1.I___________(teach)herefortenyearssinceIfinishedschool.2.Wouldyoumindme__________(use)yourbike?3.ThestudentsofClassTwo___________(sweep)theirclassroomnow.4.TheWhites____________(notlisten)totheradioatthattime.5.It'sbettertogivethan__________(receive).6.Howlong(live)thistown?7.You_______(come)lastyear,______you?8.______you______(see)47

----I______(see)himlastSunday.9.Shesaidthatthecar___________(use)thenextweek.10.didn'twhat__________(happen)toChinaacentury.11.WhenIthestation,train____already______(leave).12.Thestonebridge______________(build)inourhometowntenyears.13.Thedeskmust______(clean)onceday.14.The_________(lie)onthefloorwhencamein..15.It_________(rain)heavilywhenIgothome.16.Hermother____________(cook)thistimeyesterday.17.Thestudents_____________(do)theirhomework.__________make)anynoise!48

18.----______ever_______toBeijing?----Yes.I________therelastweek.19.He'lltelephoneusassoonashe_________(arrive)there.20.Jiefangtrucks____________(make)inChangchun.21.penisfor__________(write).22.Allthatmust________(do).23friendcan'tdecidewhichpairoftrousers____________(choose).sheaskedmetogoshoppingwithher.24.Theyfindituseful__________(learn)English.25.Theoldmanoften_________(tell)thechildrenastoryintheevening.Thiseveninghe________(tell)twostories.26.Theradio__________(use)onceinaweekinourclass.It____________(notuse)yesterdaybecausetherewassomethingwrongwithit.49

27.Wouldpleasehow___________(make)thewatch________(work)?28.Shedoesn'tknow(do)andwhere__________(go).四案1.havetaught2.using3.aresweeping4.weren’tlistening

5.toreceive6.have…lived7.came…didn’8.did…see,

saw9.wouldbeused10.wouldhappen11.had…left12.havebeenbuil

t13.becleaned14.waslying15.wasraining16.wascooking

17.aredoing,Don’tmake18.have…beeen,went19.arrives50

20.aremade21.writing22.bedone23.tochoose24.tolearn25.tells,willtell51

第四章动词的语一念语气有三种:语气,使语气和拟语气.语气表示说话人劝词所示示的动作或所处的状持有的度或看法.二关知识点精讲1.辨别引真实条句和if引的虚拟条件句区别Iftime,willwithus.=Probablyhehaswillgous.Ifhehadtime,hewouldgowithus.=Butinfacthasnotime.2.虚拟条件句中句和从的谓与动词构成形式如表if条句中的谓与动词

主句的谓与动词should1.行动would与现在的事词用did形could+实相反式

动词原形2.be动词might用were52

与过去的事实相反

shouldhaddonewouldcould+havedonemight1.行动should词用didwould与将来的事2.shouldcould+实相反+词原形动词原形3.weremight+动词原形3.混合时间的虚语气如果条件句中动作和句的动作不是同时发生主句和从句的谓语动词的式应分别根据各所表示时间加以调整。1)0Ifhadreceivedpassportyesterday,wouldstarttoday.2)Ifhehadtelephonedmenight,Iwouldseehimnow.3)Ifhehadfolloweddoctoradvice,hewouldallrightnow.4)IfChinahadnotliberated,53

workingpeoplewouldstillleadingamiserablelife.4.should/could/might/oughtto+done表示“过去应该/可做而实上却没做”needn’thavedone示“过没必要作而实际上做了5.虚拟语气的倒装句如果虚拟语气条件从谓语动词中含有were,had,could,should，时可将if省，而将件从句主语置于were,had,should,could之后。Hadyouinvitedus,wewouldhavecometoyourparty.WereIyou,Iwouldmorepracticeafterclass.Couldshelendahelpinghand,woulddoso.6.wish后面的宾语句的谓动词应用虚拟语气，表示“可惜…….就好了；不该…；但愿…”主句谓语从句谓54

时态现在时表示与wish同时发生

谓语动词的形式动词用过去时be动词用werewish

过去时动用表示在wishdone之前发生的be用had动作been动词用would将来时do;should表示在wishdo之后发生的be用would动作beshouldbe1)IwishIkeytotheanswer.2)Iwishweretenyearsyounger.3)IwishthatIhadgonetothefootballmatchlastweek.4)Iwishthatyouhadbeenhereyesterday.55

5)Hewishesthatwewouldvisittheoldschool.7.表示命令建议动词suggest,insist,propose,desire,demand,request,order,command后的宾语从句中使用虚拟should词原形；should不可would来替代;句所用的动时态不限。8.suggest为“建议去…命令…”从用should+do为“说明；暗示,句用过去时或过去完成时。1)ThedoctorsuggestedthatIshouldtakethemedicinethreetimesday.2)Thedoctorsuggestedthatmygrandmotherhadcaughtabadcold.9.insist“持要去做…坚持应该去做从句用shoulddo“持表明坚持说/解释从句过去时或过去完成。虚拟语气也用于表语从句和主语句中，表示间接命令、求、请求、建议、决定等，主句主语通是suggestion,proposal,request,order,等。表56

语从句中的谓动词是should动词原，should可以省略。11.在主语从句中，当句用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜，从句谓语动词用需拟语气形式其谓语动词should词原型，或should省略。三固练习1.Iftherenosubjunctivemood,English_________easier.A.willB.wouldhavebeenC.couldhavebeenD.wouldbe2.I_____jointhearmy.A.amB.wasC.wereD.wouldbe3.Ifhe_______tomorrow,hewouldfindMrWangtheoffice.A.comesB.willcomeC.shouldcomeD.4.it_______next,thecropswouldbesaved.A.rainsB.willrainsC.57

wouldrainD.shouldrain5.IfI_______it,IwoulddoitadifferentA.weredoB.doC.haddoneD.wastodo6.Supposingweather________bad,wherewouldyougo?A.isB.willbeC.wereD.be7.Ifhehadworkedharder,he_________.A.wouldsucceedB.hadsucceededC.shouldsucceedD.wouldhavesucceeded8.Ifhe________,he_________thatfood.A.waswarned;wouldnottakeB.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetakenC.wouldbewarned;hadnottakenD.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnot58

taken9.Ifmylawyer_________herelastSaturday,he_______mefromgoing.A.hadbeen;wouldhavepreventedB.hadbeen;wouldpreventC.were;wouldpreventD.were;wouldhaveprevented10.Ifhe______it,he_______it.A.hadseen;couldhavebelievedB.saw;’tbelieveC.saw;’havebelievedD.hasseen;hadbelieved11.—youthinktheenteredthroughthewindow?—No,hehad,donbelieve,_______brokentheliving-roomswindow.A.hewouldhaveB.musthaveC.hehadD.shouldhehave12.—DidyougoswimmingSunday?59

—No.Wewouldhavegone______nicer.A.iftheweatherwasB.wouldtheweatherbeenC.hadtheweatherbeenD.shouldtheweatherbe13.______it______forhelp,couldnhavemadeanyprogress.A.Had;beenB.Should;notbeenC.Did;beenD.been14._______today,hewouldgettherebyFriday.A.WouldhaveleftB.WasheleavingC.WeretoleaveD.Ifheleaves15.Itisorderedthatnewbridge______overwideriver.A.shouldbebuiltB.wouldbuiltC.willbuiltD.built60

四案1.D2.C3.C4.D5.A6.C7.D8.B9.A10.A11.D12.C13.A14.C15.A第5助词一念:助动词是帮助要动词成各种时态,语态,语气以否定或问结构的动词.动词分为时态动词和构助动词两种.二关知识点精讲:1.助动词be用法1）be分词构成进行时例如：Theyarehavingameeting.他们正在开会。Englishisbecomingmoreandmoreimportant.英语现在越来越重要。2）be+过去分词构成被动语态。例如：ThewindowwasbrokenbyTom..窗户是汤姆打的。Englishistaught