Unit10Section A Grammar Focus-4c 课件-人教版八年级英语下册

Unit10I’vehadthisbikeforthreeyears.SectionAGrammarFocusLead

in多长时间

三年

轨道火车

四岁生日

一段时间

三天以前

十小时以前

howlongthreeyearstrainandrailwaysetfourthbirthdayawhilethreedaysagotenhoursagoLead

in下个月

去年11月

去年

返回

家乡

希望做某事

明年

最古老的建筑之一

nextmonthlastNovemberlastyear

bebacktohometownhopetodosth.nextyearoneoftheoldestbuildingsObjectivesMasterthenewwordsandphrases.Dosomeexercisestoconsolidatethetargetlanguage.Theusagesofforandsinceinpresentprefecttense.

1.Lookatthesentencesintheblanks，readthem(3’)2.Haveacheck.(2’)Self-learningHowlonghaveyouhadthatbikeoverthere?I'vehaditforthreeyears.Howlonghashissonownedthetrainandrailwayset? He’sowneditsincehisfourthbirthday.Haveyoueverplayedfootball?Yes,IdidwhenIwaslittle,butIhaven'tplayedforawhilenow.GrammarFocus

表示从过去已经开始持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示“从过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间状语”连用，如“for+时间段”、“since+过去时间点”、“since+过去时的从句”、“since+一段时间+ago”。且for与since引导的时间状语可以相互转换。PresentPerfectTense现在完成时Exploratione.g.Myunclehasworkedatthisfactoryfortenyears.=Myunclehasworkedatthisfactorysincetenyearago.I’ve

lived

here

since

1990．自从1990年以来我就住在这里。

I

haven’t

seen

him

for

three

years.

我三年没有看见他了。

含有for，since的现在完成时的用法歌诀:

过去的动作或状态，一直持续到现在，for、since把时间带。She’s

been

at

this

school

since

fiveyears

ago.

自从五年前她就在这个学校。

口诀for与since都能与现在完成时连用，但区别较大：（1）for后须接“时间段”

e.g.HehasstudiedEnglishforfiveyears.

他学英语5年了。（2）since后须接“时间点”e.g.HehasstudiedEnglishsince1999.

他从1999年开始学英语。for和since在现在完成时中的应用（3）二者可以转换

for+一段时间=since+一段时间+ago

e.g.Hehasbeenhereforfiveweeks.=Hehasbeenheresincefiveweeksago.

他到这儿已经有五个星期了。e.g.HehastaughtheresincehecametoChina.自从他来到中国就在这儿教书。Wehavebeenfriendssincewemetinschool.我们从在学校见面起就成为了好朋友。（4）since能引导时间状语从句(主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时)，而for则不能。（6）均须与延续性动词连用，也可以与非延续性动词的否定式连用。

e.g.Ihavehadthiscomputersincefouryearsago.Ihaven’tboughtanythingfortwomonths.Ihaven’theardfromhimfor3weeks.

非延续性动词用于完成时态，在肯定句中不能与for或since引出的短语(或句子)连用，但在否定句中是可以的，因为一个非延续性动词一旦被否定即成为状态，而状态总是可以延续的。如：

Ihaven’tseenhimforalongtime.

我很久没见到他了。

Hehasn’tcomehereforsometime.

他有段时间没来了。

Ihaven’theardfromhersincesheleft.

自她离开以后，我一直没收到她的来信。（7）二者引出的时间状语往往用howlong提问。e.g.—Howlonghaveyouhadthisbook?—Foraweek./Sinceaweekago.

——这本书你买多久了?

——买一周了。常见非延续性动词和延续性动词的转变第一类：短暂性动词be+adj.diefinishopen/closefallill/asleepmarrysb/getmarriedto第二类：短暂性动词be+介词start/beginleavejoin

bedeadbeawayfrombein/beamemberofbeopen/closedbeonbeoverbeill/asleepbemarriedto第三类：短暂性动词另一个动词buyborrowbecomeputonkeephavebewear

巧记瞬间性动词的转换：

开始离去借来还，出生入死买到家，穿衣入睡要感冒，开开关关变结束。1beginbeon6

returnbeback2leavebeawayfrom7

joinbein3

gobeoff8

diebedead4

borrowkeep9

buyhave5

comebehere10

arrivebehere10reachbehere11putonwear12fallasleepbeasleep13catchacoldhaveacold14openbeopen15closebeclosed16becomebe17end/finishbeover1.转换为相应的延续性动词，用于现在完成时。

borrow—keepbuy—haveputon—wearcatchacold—haveacoldgettoknow—know

非延续性动词和延续性动词之间的转换2.转化为“be+形容词/副词/介词/名词”

begin/start—beon goout—beout close—beclosedopen—beopen die—bedead leave—beawaygetto/arrive/reach—be(in)finish—beoverfallasleep—beasleepjoin—bein/beamemberofbecome—bemakefriends—befriendscome/go/—be+here/thereTheoldmandied4yearsago.—Theoldmanhasbeendeadfor4years.

Hejoined

theParty2yearsago.—HehasbeeninthePartyfor

2years.Ibought

thebook5daysago.—Ihavehadthebookfor5days.e.g.一、选择for或since填空：

Ihavebeenhere_____fivemonthsago.2.Hehasbeenasoldier____abouttwomonths.3.Greatchangeshavetakenplace_____youleft.4.Hisgrandpahasbeendead____tenyears.5.IhavestudiedEnglish______Iwas12yearsold.6.Itistwoyears_______Ibecameapostgraduatestudent.sinceforsinceforsincesince4aRewritethesentencesusingfor

or

since.1.JimisinJapan.Hearrivedtherethreedaysago.2.Theyareveryhungry.Theirlastmealwastenhoursago.3.Ihaveacamera.Iboughtitin2009.JimhasbeeninJapanforthreedays.Theyhavenoteatenfortenhours.Ihavehadacamerasince2009.4.IknowAnn.Ifirstmetherthreeyearsago.5.Lindaisill.ShebecameillonMonday.IhaveknownAnnaforthreeyears.LindahasbeenillsinceMonday.4bFillintheblankswiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinbrackets.I_______________(neverbe)tothewaterparkbefore.Iwantto_____(go)nextmonthbeforetheweathergetstoocold.2.They________________(neverown)anypets,butthey___________________(alwayswant)tohaveadog.haveneverbeengohaveneverownedhavealwayswanted3.We________(have)apianosincelastNovember.We________(buy)itfromtheLifamilywhentheymovedtotheUSlastyear.4.CathyandAmy_________________________(notbe)backtotheirhometownfortwoyears.They_____(miss)theirhometownalotandhopetovisittheplacenextyear.havehadhavenotbeen/haven’tbeenboughtmiss5.Thismuseum________(be)hereforover20years.It____(be)oneoftheoldestbuildingsinthissmalltown.hasbeenis4cFillinthequestionsandasktwostudents.Thencompletethechart.1.Doyouhavea(n)_________?Howlonghaveyouhadit?2.Doyouowna(n)__________?Howlonghaveyouownedit?ThingsHowlongTonyfavoritebookfortwoyearsbasketballsincehewas10yearsoldstudent1student2SummaryTellthedifferences