全新版大学英语第二版综合教程笔记Unit3

Unit3Book1DetailedReadingI.DifficultSentences1.Norcanonepreventfurtheradvancesinthefuture.(Para.2)Whyisthissentencereversed?(Theword“nor”hereappearsatthebeginningofthesentencetogiveforcetothenegation.-NorwillIdenythat.)2.Theonlywaytopreventfurtherdevelopmentswouldbeaglobalstatethatsuppressedanythingnew,andhumaninitiativeandinventivenessaresuchthateventhiswouldn’tsucceed.(Para.2)1)Whatisthegrammaticalfunctionofthefirst“that”?(Here“that”bringsaboutanattributiveclause.)2)Whatdoesthestructure“suchthat”heremean?(Thestructureisusedtogiveanexplanationforsomething.-Hismannerwassuchthathewouldoffendeveryonehemet.)3)Whatcanweinferfromthissentence?(Nowaycansuppressanythingnew,ashumaninitiativeandinventivenessdoexist.)3.Allitwoulddoisslowdowntherateofchange.(Para.2)Whyisthereno“to”between“is”and“slow”?(When“do”appearsinthesubjectofasentence,thesign“to”ofaninfinitivewhichisusedasthepredicativecanbeomitted.-Thefirstthinghedidwas(to)lookforaguide.-Allwecoulddonowis(to)remaincool-headed.)4.Atthemoment,thepublicisintwomindsaboutscience.(Para.3)1)Whatdoes“intwomindsabout”mean?(Unabletodecidewhetherornotyouwantsth.orwanttodosth.-Ithinkshe’sintwomindsaboutwhethertoaccepthispresentornot.)2)Whatcanwelearnfromthesentence?(Thepublicfindsitselfholdingtwocontradictoryviewpointsaboutscience.Ontheonehand,itexpectstheimprovementinthestandardoflivingthathasbeenbroughtbyscience;ontheotherhand,italsodistrustssciencebecauseitdoesnotunderstandit.)5.ItisalsoanimportantelementbehindsupportfortheGreenparties.(Para.3)1)Whatdoes“it”referto?(Thepublic’sdistrustofscience)2)Whatpartofspeechis“support”here?(Itisanoun.)6.Butinschoolsscienceisoftenpresentedinadryanduninterestingmanner.(Para.4)Paraphrasethesentence.(Butinschoolsscienceisoftentaughtinadullandboringway.)7.MaybeIwouldhavesoldtwiceasmanycopieswithoutit.(Para.4)TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.(如果不用这个公式的话，也许我能多卖出一倍的书。)8.ButIhavesufficientfaithinthegoodsenseofthepublictobelievethatwemightprovethiswrong.(Para.7)1)Whatdoes“sense”heremean?(Powerofjudging.)2)Whatdoesthissentenceimply?(Theauthorbelievesthatthepublicwillhaveagoodunderstandingaboutscienceandcanmakeinformedjudgmentsbyitself.)II.Words&Expressionslikely:1.bable-AnincidentlikelytoleadtowarisreportedonTV.(电视报导出一可能导致战争的事件。)2.bably-Ishallverylikelybehereagainnextmonth.Pattern:Itislikelythat…很可能…-Itishighlylikelythathewillsucceed.CF:likely,possible&probable这些词都有“可能的”意思。likely系常用词，指从表面迹象来看很有可能。例如：-Thelikelyoutcomeofthecontestvariesfrommomenttomoment.(比赛结果每分钟可能都在变化。)possible指由于有适当的条件和方法，某事可能发生或做到，强调客观上有可能，但常含有实际希望很小的意思。例如：-Isitpossibletogettothecitybytrain,ormustItakeabus?(坐火车可以到这个城市去吗？还是我必须得坐公共汽车？)probable语气比possible强，指有根据、合情理、值得相信的,带有大概、很可能的意思。例如：-Itisprobablethathehasforgottenourappointment.(很可能他是忘了我们的约会了。)dowithout:managetosurvive,continue,orsucceed,althoughyoudonothavesth.youneed-Ihaven’tenoughmoneytobuyacar,soI’lljusthavetodowithout.-Hecan’tdowithouttheservicesofasecretary.Collocation:doawaywith摆脱；废除，取消系上，扣上；修理；打扮和…有关系douphavesomethingtodowithhavenothingtodowith和…没有关系highly:adv.1)very-Mr.Smithwasahighlysuccessfulsalesman.2)toahighdegree-Hespeaksveryhighlyofyou.-出席这次会议的大部分人是受过高等教育的女性。(Mostofthepeoplepresentatthemeetingarehighlyeducatedwomen.)CF:highly&high这两个词都表示“高高地”。highly指的是抽象意义上的“高”。例如：ahighlypaidofficial薪俸优厚的官员thinkhighlyofsb.器重某人high用作副词时，一般指的是具体意义上的“高”。例如：aimhigh向高处瞄准到处寻找searchhighandlow其他类似的例子还有:closely&closeclosely细心地，严密地。例如：-WatchwhatIdoclosely.(仔细观察我所做的。)-Theprisonerswerecloselyguarded.(囚犯被严密看守着。)close邻近。例如：-Helivesclosetotheschool.(他住得离学校很近。)put/turntheclockback:returntoasituationthatusedtoexist,usuallybecausethepresentsituationisunpleasant-Theemploymentbillinwhichwomenarenotallowedtotakejobswillputtheclockbackfiftyyears.-Forgetallaboutitandlooktothefuture;youcan’tturntheclockback.bringabout:causetohappen-这是怎么发生的？(Whatbroughtitabout?)-Someeducatorsarehopingtobringaboutmajorchangesintheeducationalsystem.Collocation：bringforthbringforwardbringup产生；提出提前；提出教育；养育；提出Fillintheblankswiththeabovephrasesandchangetheformwherenecessary.1.Theyproposedthatthedateofthecongressbebroughtforwardafewmonths.2.Thetreesintheorchardbroughtforthmanyapples.3.Hewaswellbroughtup.4.Atthemeetingthenextmorning,theybroughtup/forward/forthmanyproblemsanddiscussedthemonebyone.inquire:1.vt.asktobetold-Heinquired(ofher)thereasonforbeinglateagain.-Heaskedforhiskeyandinquiredwhethertherehadbeenanymessageforhim.2.vi.seekinformationbyquestioning-我打电话询问有关火车时刻的事情。(Iranguptoinquireabouttraintimes.)Collocation：inquireafterinquireforinquireinto问候求见查究，调查CF:inquire,ask&question这些词都有“问，询问”的意思。inquire是较正式的书面用词，渴望知道某人或某事的确实情况。例如：-Heinquiredyourtelephonenumber.(他询问你的电话号码。)ask是最常用词,指为了了解某人或某事而提出问题,请别人解答或向别人打听消息。例如：-Excuseme.MayIaskyouaquestion?(对不起，我能问你一个问题吗？)question指对某事不断提出问题，以便了解详细情况。例如：-Thesuspectwasquestionedbythepolice.(警察审讯嫌疑人。)initiative:n.1)abilitytomakedecisionsandtakeactionwithoutthehelpofothers-Ifyoushowthatyouhaveinitiative,youwillsoonerorlaterbepromoted.-Theworkersareabletosolvetheproblemontheirowninitiative.2)usedinthephrase“taketheinitiative”:bethefirstpersontotakeactiontoimproveasituationorrelationship,esp.whenotherpeoplearewaitingforsb.elsetodosth.-Hetooktheinitiativeinorganizingapartyafterhisbrother’swedding.rate:n.1)value,cost,speed,etc.measuredbyitsrelationtosomeotheramount-Theworld’sforestsaredisappearingatanevenfasterratethanexpertshavethought.-出生率是出生数与人口数之比。(Thebirthrateisthenumberofbirthscomparedtothenumberofthepeople.)2)ofthe(numbered)qualityafirst-rateperformer;asecond-ratecomicensure:vt.makesure;guarantee-Thenewtreatywillensurepeace.-我不能确保他能及时到这儿。(Ican’tensurethathewillbehereintime.)informed:adj.knowingthings;havingalltheinformation-随时告诉我新的发展。(Keepmeinformedoffreshdevelopment.)-He’sawell-informedman.CF:inform,tell&instruct这些词都有“把某消息或某件事传达给别人”的意思。inform向某人传递信息,特别适用于告知所发生的情况或有关资料（可以用于上级对下级，也可以用于下级对上级的通知）。例如：-Ihavejustreceivedaletterfrommyoldschoolinformingmethatmyformerheadmaster,Mr.ReginaldPage,willberetiringnextweek.(我刚接到母校的一封信，通知我说我的老校长雷金纳德·佩奇先生将于下星期退休。)tell最通用，最不正式。指把某事告诉某人。例如：-Glancingatherscornfully,hetoldherthatthedresswassold.(他轻蔑地看了她一眼，告诉她说那件衣服卖掉了。)instruct较正式，意为“指示（一般用于上级对下级），通知”。例如：-Theeditoratoncesentthejournalistatelegraminstructinghimtofindouttheexactnumberofstepsandtheheightofthewall.(编辑立即给这位记者发了一份电报，叫他查明台阶的准确数目以及围墙的高度。)steady:adj.1)constant;regularinmovement-Thegovernment’spolicieshavebroughtaperiodofsteadyeconomicgrowthwithfallingunemployment.-Therehasbeenasteadygrowthintheindustry.2)firm-Usingtherazorrequiresasteadyhand.basis:(pl.bases)n.1)factsorideasfromwhichsth.canbedeveloped;foundation(usu.usedasasingularnoun,followedbyfororof)-Thewritingisfullofargumentsthathaveafirmbasis.-Whatisthebasisforyouropinion?2)circumstancethatprovidesareasonforsomeactionoropinion(usu.followedbyoforthat-clause)-Onthebasisthatrecognizingtheproblemishalfwaytoasolution,weshouldpaymuchattentiontohiscomments.-基于我们售货的预测，我们明年将开始赚钱。(Onthebasisofoursalesforecasts,wemaybegintomakeaprofitnextyear.)CF:basis,base&foundation这些词都有“基础，根基”的意思basis多用于比喻，指信念、议论等的根据。例如：-Charitytowardothersisthebasisofherphilosophy.(慈善待人是她人生观的基点。)base多用于指有形的或具体的基地或根基，尤指军事或工业方面的基地。例如：-Wepicnickedatthebaseofthemountain.(我们在山脚下野餐。)-Thelampstandsonacircularbase.(那盏灯由圆形底座支撑。)foundation强调基础的稳固与坚牢，可用于比喻。例如：-Thosethoughtsrockedherassurancetoitsfoundations.(那些想法从根本上动摇了她的信念。)-Thehugelorriesshockthehousetoitsfoundations.(大卡车驶过，连屋基都震动了。)liein:existorbefoundin(sth.)-Therootofalltheseeventslayinhistory.-这部戏剧令人感兴趣的地方在于它提出了一些婚姻方面的问题。(Theplay’sinterestliesinthequestionsitraisesaboutmarriage.)intermsof:asregards(sth.);expressedas(sth.)-Intermsofsalary,thejobisterrible.-以百分数回答这个问题。(Givetheanswerintermsofapercentage.)tend:1.vi.belikelytohappenorhaveaparticularcharacteristicoreffect-Somepeopletendtogetuplateratweekends.-物价正在上涨。(Pricesaretendingupwards.)2.vt.watchover;attendto-shepherdstendingtheirflocks-tendthesickandwoundedprecise:adj.1)exact-Wewillneverknowtheprecisedetailsofhisdeath.-Ourtrainleavesatabouthalfpastten,or–tobeprecise–10:33.2)takingcaretobeexactandnottomakeerrors-他是个非常谨慎的人。(Heisaverypreciseman.)grasp:1.v.1)understand-ThisisaconceptweintheWestfinddifficulttograsp.2)seizefirmly-Thedrowningmangraspedtherope.-贪得无厌的人可能毫无所得。(Amanwhograspsattoomuchmayloseeverything.)2.n.powerofgrasping-这个作品我看不懂。(Thisworkisbeyondmygrasp.)-Successiswithinhergrasp.sufficient:adj.enough-$30shouldbesufficientforanewpairofshoes.-有足够的证据证明他是有罪的。(Therewassufficientevidencetoprovethathewasguilty.)convey:vt.1)make(ideas,feelings,etc.)knowntoanother-我无法用言语表达我的感情。(Ican’tconveymyfeelingsinwords.)-Thispicturewillconveytoyousomeideaofthebeautyofthescenery.(这幅画可将那处风景的美丽向你传达一二。)2)take;carry-Thistrainconveysbothpassengersandgoods.putacross:causetobeunderstood-他非常善于表达自己的意见。(He’sverygoodatputtinghisideasacross.)-Goodteachersaretheoneswhoareabletoputthingsacrosswell.Collocation：putasideputforwardputin储存（钱、时间）；把…放在一边提出（意见、建议）花费，付出（时间、精力等）putoff阻止；推迟穿上putonputout熄灭putthroughputupwithproportion:n.为…接通电话忍受1)partofagrouporanamount-Alargeproportionofthedolphinsinthatareawilleventuallydiebecauseofwaterpollution.-这个城市的很大一部分人已年过半百。(Alargeproportionofthecity’spopulationisagedover50.)2)relationofonethingtoanotherinquantity,size,etc.-Theproportionofmentowomeninthemedicalprofessionhaschangedinrecentyears.Collocation：inproportionto与…成比例；和…相比与…成正比例与…成反比例符合比例的indirectproportiontoininverseproportiontoinproportionoutofproportion不成比例的fitinto:bepartofasituation,system,orplan-Thenewcollegecoursesfitintoanationaleducationplan.-CollegeEcate:vt.teachortrain-Youshouldeducateyourchildrentobehavewell.-这个男孩只能在工作做完后晚上自修。(Theboyhadtoeducatehimselfintheeveningafterfinishinghiswork.)entertain:v.1)givepleasure(to)-Children’stelevisionprogramsnotonlyentertainbutalsoteach.-我们都对他的戏法感兴趣。(Wewereallentertainedby