2020年高考英语语法专项突破训练专题09-动词和动词短语

专题九动词和动词短语重难点分析对于动词和动词短语，主要考查词义辨析、动词的用法和搭配、一词多义以及在具体语境中正确使用动词短语。要特别注意一些最常用的词汇如get,make,have,take以及与它们构成的动词短语等。一、动词分类一览表动词的分类例句行为动词（实义动词）及物动词（此）+宾语Hesangasongforus.不及物动词（庞）后不接宾语Hearrivedlate.+介词HearrivedinWuhanat10a.m.系动词表人和事物的特征和状态：be,feel,appear,seem,look,sound,smell,taste等Heseemsangry.表状态变化：become,get,go,turn,grow,fall等Thefishwentbad.表状态的延续或持续：keep,stay,remain等Heremainedsilent.助动词be,have,do,shall,will等，不能独立作谓语，须与动词原形或分词一起构成谓语的各种形式Ihaveboughtacar.情态动词can/could,may/might,shall/should,will/would,must,need,dare等Hemaycometomorrow.注意：有些动词是兼类词。如：Wehavelunchat12.（行为动词）/WehavebeentoJapan.（助动词）二、动词短语构成一览表动词短语构成示例例句动词+副词breakout爆发TheAnti-JapaneseWarbrokeoutin1931.动词+介词agreewith同意Iagreewithyouonthatpoint.动词+副词+介词comeupwith想出；提出Icameupwithagoodidea.动词+名词+介词makeuseof利用Youshouldmakefulluseofyourtime.动词+名词takeplace发生Greatchangesaretakingplaceinourlife.三、常用动词短语归纳常用动词come,go,keep,look,make,put,take,turn,get的相关搭配comecomeabout发生；造成comeacross偶然遇到comeafter追踪；跟在......后面comealong一道走；赶快comeat向..扑过来comefrom来自comeon跟随；上演；赶快；加油comeout出来；出版；结果是cometo（oneself）苏醒；总共；达到；涉及comeintobeing/existence出现；开始形成；成立cometoanagreement达成协议cometoaclose/anend终止；结束cometolife活过来cometolight泄露；被发现cometomind想起；回忆起cometothepoint（讲话、写文章等）切中要害cometothe/one'srescue营救；帮助cometrue实现；变成现实comeupwith想出；提出comein进来；上市；流行起来；（比赛中）得......名次（comeinsecond得第二名）gogoaboutgogoabout此处走动goafter追赶；追捕；追求goahead前进；说吧；走吧；做吧（口语）goallouttodosth.全力以赴做某事gobeyond超出；超出..的能力goby从..经过/通过；时间流逝gobackto追溯到；回顾godown下降；下跌goinfor参与；从事；爱好goaround/round绕道；四处走动；（故事keepkeepaway不靠近；远离keepback向后退；保留keepinmind记住；把..记在心里keepinorder保持整齐；使井井有条keepintouchwith保持联系keepone'searsopen留心细听；倾听gointo进入；从事gooff离开某地；爆炸goover复习；超过期限；审阅；仔细查看goout熄灭；出去；过时gothrough穿过；经受gotoofar太过分；走得太远gowith相配（同义词match）gowellwith协调；相配gowrong出错；发生故障；萦绕keepone'seyesopen留心；注意keepout不让入内；不要进来keepoutof不参与；不牵涉进去；置身事外keepquiet保持安静keepupyourcourage鼓起勇气；保持勇气keepupwith跟上looklike看起来像lookout（of）looklike看起来像lookout（of）当心；小心；向外看lookthrough浏览；看穿lookup仰视；查找（字典、电话本等）lookuptosb.尊敬lookupanddown上下打量（某人）lookto指望；寄望；依靠lookon袖手旁观lookover仔细检查bemadeupof由……组成/构成maketea/coffee泡茶/泡咖啡makealiving某人makeadifference有影响；有关系makefulluseof充分利用makeexcuses超借口；辩解makeacontributionto为……做贡献makeacomplaint提出投诉puton穿上；上演putout扑灭；吹灭putup举起；张贴putupwith忍受；忍耐putone'sheartinto全心全意投入putinprison投入监狱putonweight增肥keepoff不接近；保持距离；避开；回避（某话题）looklookabout/around四周环顾lookafter照顾lookahead向前看；展望未来lookat看lookback回顾；回过头看lookdownupon看不起lookdownone'snoseat傲慢；轻视某人lookforwardto期待lookinto调查makemakesense说得通；有意义；言之有理makeup构成makeupfor弥补；补偿makeupone'smind下决心；决定makeaneffortto/makeeffortsto努力；尽力makeoneselfheard让自己被别人听到makegoodsense/nosense有意义/没意义makefunof嘲笑；取笑makeadeepimpressiononsb.给某人留下深刻印象putputaway放好；收起来putaside放在一边；暂时不做；留出putback放回原处putdown放下；拒绝；写下来putforward提出（计划、建议等）putoff推迟；延期；脱掉（衣服等）putintouse投入使用putthrough做完；完成；接通电话（=getthrough）taketakeaway拿走；带走takeback拿回来takeAforB把A误认为是Btakepartin参加takeadvantageof利用takecareof照顾takechargeof负责；管理takeachance碰运气takeholdof抓住；掌握takenoticeof留心；注意turnturnagainst背叛；反对turnaround转身；转过来turnup调大声；出现turndown调小声；拒绝turnon打开turnoff关掉o...把......变成......getgetaccustomedto习惯于getacross度过；通过；说服；使理解getaheadof胜过；超过geton/alongwellwith与..相处融洽getawaywith侥幸逃脱；避免受罚getawayfrom拜托getback取回；回来；报复getdownto认真对待；静下心来getfamiliarwith熟悉getholdof获得；取得taketheopportunityof抓住机会taketheplaceof代替taketheriskof冒..的险takeoff脱下；起飞takeup占据(时间、地方等)；从事于takein吸收；欺骗takeinturn依次takeashower冲凉takepridein=beproudof为..感到骄傲turnin上交(=handin)turnouttobe结果是；结局是turnover翻动；翻过turnto转向；求助于turnright/left右转/左转turnaway解雇；把..打发走turnback折回getintotrouble陷入麻烦getintobadhabits染上恶习getoff下车geton上车getoutof从..出来getover越过；克服getreadyfor为..作准备getridof除去；去掉；免除；摆脱getthrough通过；及格；接通gettogether积聚；积累getusedto习惯于getupgetusedto习惯于考点练透一、短语翻译根据句意将下列句子划线部分的英文翻译成中文。Strikingaproperbalancebetweenstudyandrestkeepsusenergeticandahealthydietisusefulaswell.TOC\o"1-5"\h\z（翻译：）Theycan'tteachchildrenlearning,letaloneofferingtheirpsychologicalandmoraleducation.（翻译：）Sothewholesocietyshouldpayspecialattentiontothissocialphenomenon.（翻译：）ItisacustominChinatohavesometeaorotherdrinksbeforethemealisserved.（翻译：）Somepeoplesaythatthekeytosuccessistheluck,sotheyneverworkhardandofcoursecanonlyenvyothers'success.（翻译：）JustasthefamoussayingbyEinsteingoes,successis99%ofhardworkand1%ofthefortune.（翻译：）Therefore,Iwishallofusachievesuccessthroughourhardwork!（翻译：）Besides,studyingabroadcannotonlybroadentheirhorizonsbutalsodeepentheirunderstandingofthecultureandcustomsinthatcountry.（翻译：）HoweverIthinkitdifficultforthemtoadapttothenewenvironment（翻译：）Soitwouldbebettertogoabroadaftertheyhavefinishedtheircollegeathome,whentheyaremorecapableoflearningandlivingontheirown.（翻译：）Asyouknow,weChinesetakeprideinouroriginalhaircolorandwearefinewithit.（翻译：）Inmyopinion,thosewithdifferenthaircolors,turningablindeyetoschoolrules,arenotworthlearningfrombecausetheyjustwanttomakethemselvesnoticed.（翻译：）Itisknowntousthatnowadaysmiddleschoolstudentsarediligentintheirstudiesfortheprosperousfutureoftheirmotherland.（翻译：）Nopain,nogains.ThereforeI'dliketosaytothosewho'dliketocheatinexams,“Getdowntoworknowanddon'tcheatyourselfanymore.”（翻译：）Thousandsoftreeshavebeencutdownperyear,soinreturnsoilisbecomingmoreandmorebarren（贫瘠的）,andmeanwhile,theairisgettingworseandworse.（翻译：）Wearesupposedtoliveharmoniouswithnature.（翻译：）Iamwritingyoualetterinordertoapplyforapositioninyourcompany.(翻译：)LiMingisverystrictwithherselfinherworkanddailylife,andisalwaysreadytohelpotherpeople.(翻译：)Myownexperieneecanalsowellillustratetheimportanceofpraise(翻译：)Ibegantoputmyheartintostudy,listeningattentivelyinclassandfinishingmyhomeworkontime.(翻译：)Istronglysuggestthatallofustrytospotothers'strongpointsandnotbemeanwithourpraise(翻译：)二、语法填空阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Qiaoisasixth-graderatYuhuiPrimarySchool.Heisonly12yearsold1hasbeensmokingforthreeyears.Liu,15,is2Junior2studentatChichengNo.2MiddleSchool.He3(begin)smokingfouryearsago."Smokingispartofmylife,”Liusaid.QiaoandLiuarenotthoseboys'realnames.Buttheirproblem,smoking,isaveryrealproblem.Inmanycountries,smoking4(become)abiggerproblemforyoungpeople.Mostsmokersstartintheirteens(yearsofaperson'sagefrom13to19)or5(early).Astudyof8,000BeijingstudentslastMaytoldusthatsmokingisaproblemformanyChinesekids.Morethan21%ofmiddleschoolstudentsand6%ofprimaryschoolpupilssaid6smoked."7youngpeoplestartsmokingearly,theywillprobablygetaddicted8nicotine.Anditwillbeveryhardtogiveuplateron,”saidaprofessor.Everyyear,aboutfourmillionpeoplediebecauseofsmoking.Andifpeoplekeepsmoking,thatnumber_9(go)uptoabouttenmillionayearby2030,theWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)says.10wehavetolearnandtellothersaboutthedangersofsmoking.助读词汇teensn.十几岁addictedadj.上瘾的nicotinen.尼古丁goupto上升至Uprimaryschool小学WorldHealthOrganization世界卫生组织三、佳作欣赏下面是一篇摘自全国英语高考书面表达的范文，文中有许多精彩且灵活的语言表达，其中也包含有动词或动词短语，用心体会其用法。Deareditor,Fromthequestionnaireswehavereceived,wecanfindthefactthatlessfamiliesaresatisfiedwiththerelationshipbetweenchildrenandtheirparents.Only30%parentsaresatisfiedwiththeirrelationshipwiththeirchildren,fortheirchildrenareconsideratetoothers,diligentandeasytocommunicatewith,andaboveall,theyarehonestandrespecttheirparents.Thedemocraticatmosphereofthefamilyandthetimeparentsspentcommunicatingwiththemcontributetothis.However,about70%parentsareunsatisfiedwiththeirrelationshipwiththeirchildren,sayingthattheirchildrenareselfishanddifficulttocommunicatewith.What'sworse,theysometimestellliesanddon'tformagoodhabitinlifeandstudy.Thereasonsareasfollows:theyaretoobusytocommunicatewiththeirchildrenandinstructthemindoingeverythingandthesocietyhasa