【创新设计】高考英语总复习 215第五章动词时态和语态（江苏专用）

第五章动词时态和语态

△动词时态和语态讲解△动词时态一、一般现在时1．一般现在时的基本用法主要表示目前的特征或状态、现在经常性或习惯性的动作、客观存在及普遍真理等。【例1】I________allthecookingformyfamily，butrecentlyI'vebeentoobusytodoit.(2010·辽宁)A．willdoB．doC．amdoingD．haddone答案B【例2】Theteachersaidthatthesun________intheeast.A．roseB．raisesC．risesD．isrising答案C2．一般现在时在状语从句中的用法在以when，until(till)，assoonas，bythetime，after，before等引导的时间状语从句或以if，unless，once等引导的条件状语从句以及以nomatterwhen，however，evenif等引导的让步状语从句中，如果主句中的动词用一般将来时，从句中的动词通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。【例3】—When________again?—Whenhe________，I'llletyouknow.A．hecomes；comes B．willhecome；willcomeC．hecomes；willcome D．willhecome；comes答案D【例4】Ican'ttellyouifit________tomorrowifyou________me.A．rains；willask B．shallrain；askC．willrain；ask D．wouldrain；willask答案C二、一般过去时1．一般过去时的基本用法(1)表示在过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，或表示在过去一段时间内的经常性或习惯性动作。(2)常用的时间状语有：yesterday，lastyear，theotherday，justnow，threedaysago，in1999等。【例5】SalesofCDshavegreatlyincreasedsincethe1900s，whenpeople________toenjoytheadvantagesofthisnewtechnology.A．begin B．beganC．havebegun D．hadbegun答案B【例6】—Nancyisnotcomingtonight.—Butshe________！A．promises B．promisedC．willpromise D．hadpromised答案B2．一般过去时用于状语从句的表达方式在时间、条件等状语从句中用一般过去时表示过去将来时。【例7】Hesaidhewouldgotoseehismotherwhenhe________fromabroad.A．returned B．wasreturnedC．wouldreturn D．hadreturned答案A【例8】Helen________herkeysintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusband________home.A．hasleft；comes B．left；hadcomeC．hadleft；came D．hadleft；wouldcome答案C三、现在进行时1．现在进行时的基本用法表示此时此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作。【例9】—I'mnotfinishedwithmydinneryet.—Butourfriends________forus.A．willwait B．waitC．havewaited D．arewaiting答案D【例10】Thesedaysmyfather________anovel.A．writes B．iswritingC．haswritten D．willwrite答案B2．用进行时表示将来的情况某些动词的现在进行时可表示计划或安排好了的将来动作。常见的这类动词有：go，come，leave，arrive，start，takeoff等。【例11】He________toseeyoutomorrow.A．comes B．hascomeC．iscoming D．wascoming答案C3．always等副词在进行时中表达的意义always，often，constantly，frequently，forever等副词和现在进行时连用，表达说话人的某种感情，即“赞扬”或“厌恶”等，可译为“老是、总是”。【例12】John________ofwhathecandoforothers.A．alwaysthink B．isalwaysthinkingC．hasalwaysthought D．willalwaysthink答案B【例13】You________TV.Whynotdosomethingmoreactive?A．alwayswatchB．arealwayswatchingC．havealwayswatchedD．havealwaysbeenwatched答案B4．一般不用于进行时的动词状态动词或静态动词通常不用于进行时态。如：like，love，prefer，want，think，wish，desire，believe，know，understand，realize，recognize，doubt，feel，forgive，guess，imagine，satisfy，taste，see，be，belongto，concern，contain，cost，dependon，deserve，have(有)，haveon，lack，need，owe，own，remain，seem，sound等。【例14】I________Tomquitewell.Wewereintroducedataparty.A．amknowing B．wasknowingC．know D．hadbeenknowing答案C【例15】—Youaredrinkingtoomuch.—Onlyathome.Noone________mebutyou.A．isseeing B．hadseenC．sees D．saw答案C四、过去进行时1．过去进行时的基本用法表示在过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在发生的动作。【例16】Iwalkedslowlythroughthemarket，wherepeople________allkindsoffruitsandvegetables.IstudiedthepricescarefullyandboughtwhatIneeded.(2010·湖南)A．sell B．weresellingC．hadsold D．havesold答案B【例17】—Sorrytohaveinterruptedyou.Pleasegoon.—WherewasI?—You________youdidn'tlikeyourfather'sjob.A．hadsaid B．saidC．weresaying D．hadbeensaying答案C【例18】Shirley________abookaboutChinalastyearbutIdon'tknowwhethershehasfinishedit.A．haswritten B．wroteC．hadwritten D．waswriting答案D2．过去进行时的其他用法(1)表示某个短暂性动作发生的背景。(2)与always，often，constantly，frequently，forever等副词连用，可表示某种感情色彩。【例19】Helosthiswatchwhenhe________football.A．played B．wasplayingC．hadplayed D．wouldplay答案B【例20】TheleadersthoughtillofMrs.Black，becauseshe________.A．wasalwayscomplainingB．hadalwayscomplainedC．wouldalwayscomplainD．willalwaysbecomplaining答案A五、现在完成时1．现在完成时的基本用法主要强调“过去”和“现在”的关系，须注意下面几点：(1)指过去的动作对现在的影响。(2)现在完成时一般不与具体的过去时间状语或when从句连用。(3)短暂性动词的完成时一般不与段时间状语连用。(4)常用于现在完成时态的时间状语有：inthepastfewyears，bynow，uptonow，sofar，already，yet，since，forfiveyears，recently，lately，before，never，once，today，thisweek(month，year)，manytimes，just等。【例21】—I'msorry，butIdon'tquitefollowyou.DidyousayyouwantedtoreturnonSeptember20?—Sorry，I________myselfclear.WewanttoreturnonOctober20. (2010·北京)A．hadn'tmade B．wouldn'tmakeC．don'tmake D．haven'tmade答案D【例22】They________friendssincetheymetinShanghai.A．havemade B．havebecomeC．havebeen D．haveturned答案C【例23】—IhearJanehasgonetotheHolyIslandforherbirthday.—Oh，hownice!Doyouknowwhenshe________？A．wasleaving B．hadleftC．hasleft D．left答案D2．现在完成时在It/This/Thatisthefirst/secondtime(that)．..结构中的应用该结构中，that引导的从句常用现在完成时。【例24】—Doyouknowourtownatall?—No，thisisthefirsttimeI________here.A．was B．havebeenC．came D．amcoming答案B3．现在完成时和一般过去时的比较相同点：都表示动作发生在过去。不同点：现在完成时表示与现在有关；一般过去时表示与现在无关。【例25】—Youdidn'tlockthebackdoor.—Youarewrong.I________.A．didlockit B．havelockeditC．lockitmyself D．dolockit答案A【例26】Howcanyoupossiblymissthenews?It________onTValldaylong.A．hasbeen B．hadbeenC．was D．willbe答案A【例27】—DoesLiuHuiserveinthearmy?—No，buthe________inthearmyfor3years.A．served B．hasservedC．isserving D．wouldserve答案A4．现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别现在完成进行时表示从过去某个时候开始一直延续到现在的动作；现在完成时表示动作已完成。如：I'vebeenwritinganarticle.(还在写)/I'vewrittenanarticle.(已写好)【例28】I'mtiredout.I________allafternoonandIdon'tseemtohavefinishedanything. (2010·湖南)A．shopped B．haveshoppedC．hadshopped D．havebeenshopping答案D六、过去完成时1．过去完成时基本用法(1)表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经完成了的动作(即所谓的“过去的过去”)。(2)表示从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到另一过去时刻的动作或状态。【例29】IttookmealongtimebeforeIwasabletofullyappreciatewhatthey________forme.(2010·北京)A．haddone B．didC．woulddo D．weredoing答案A2．过去完成时表示“本来……”的用法动词think，expect，hope，suppose，want，plan，mean，intend等用于过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或打算，意为“本来……”。【例30】They________tohelp，buttheycouldnotgetthereintime.A．want B．hadwantedC．werewanting D．havewanted答案B3．用于某些特殊结构(1)It/This/Thatwasthefirst/secondtime(that)＋过去完成时(2)Itwas＋段时间＋since＋过去完成时(3)nosooner...than...或hardly...when...的主句谓语要用过去完成时(4)含“by＋过去时间点”或“bythetime＋一般过去时”的句子常用过去完成时。【例31】Thiswasthefirsttimewe________athome.A．met B．hadmetC．wasmet D．wouldmeet答案B【例32】We________hardlyarrivedwhenit________torain.A．had；began B．have；beganC．不填；began D．不填；hadbegan答案A【例33】Bytheendoflastyear，anothernewgymnasium________inBeijing.A．wouldbecompleted B．wasbeingcompletedC．hasn'tbeencompleted D．hadbeencompleted答案D七、一般将来时表示在将来的某个时候将要发生的动作或存在的状态。1．“will/shall＋动词原形”表示将来的用法will可用于各种人称，shall一般只用于第一人称。【例34】Greatchanges________takeplaceinthefuture.A．wouldB．willC．didD．shall答案B注：will用于条件状语从句时，表示“愿意”。【例35】Ifyou________gotothecountryside，you________go.A．shall；shall B．will；mayC．will；shall D．shall；may答案B2．“begoingto＋动词原形”表示将来的用法表示打算和预测。【例36】Thefilm________thisSunday.A．isgoingtobeshown B．isshowingC．istoshow D．willhavebeenshown答案A3．“beto＋动词原形”表示将来的用法表示按计划或安排即将要发生的动作，有时也表示命令、禁止或可能性。【例37】Theteachersaid，“Alltheexercises________behandedinontime.”A．will B．aretoC．areaboutto D．aregoingto答案B4．“beaboutto＋动词原形”表示将来的用法表示即将要发生的事，通常不与具体的时间状语连用。【例38】Look!Herecomesataxi.We________leave.A．shall B．areabouttoC．areto D．aregoingto答案B5．“bedueto＋动词原形”表示将来的用法表示按计划或时间表将要发生某事。【例39】Thestrike________beginonTuesday.A．isdueto B．isabouttoC．shall D．aregoingto答案A6．will/shall与begoingto的区别(1)begoingto可用于条件状语从句表示将来，而shall/will一般不可。【例40】Ifyou________tomyhouse，you'dbetterphonemefirst.A．willcoming B．shallcomeC．aregoingtocome D．istocome答案C(2)迹象表明要发生某事，只用begoingto。【例41】Lookatthoseblackclouds.It________rain.A．willB．isgoingtoC．shallD．isaboutto答案B(3)若强调某个意图是经过事先考虑好的，用begoingto；若表示某个意图没经过事先考虑，而是在说话时的临时决定，则用will/shall。【例42】—Maryisinhospital.—Oh，really?Ididn'tknow.I________visither.A．amgoingto B．willC．amto D．amaboutto答案B【例43】—Maryisinhospital.—Yes，Iknow.I________visithertomorrow.A．amgoingto B．willC．amto D．amaboutto答案A八、将来进行时表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作，一般带状语。【例44】—Guesswhat，we'vegotourvisasforashort­termvisittotheUKthissummer.—Hownice！You________adifferentculturethen.(2010·福建)A．willbeexperiencing B．haveexperiencedC．havebeenexperiencing D．willhaveexperienced答案A【例45】Ifyouplantwatermelonseedsinthespring，you________freshwatermeloninthefall.(2010·浙江)A．eat B．wouldeatC．haveeaten D．willbeeating答案D九、过去将来时1．过去将来时的基本用法表示从过去某时看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，多用于主句谓语动词是一般过去时的宾语从句中。【例46】ThediscoveryofgoldinAustralialedthousandstobelievethatafortune________. (2010·全国Ⅰ)A．ismade B．wouldmakeC．wastobemade D．hadmade答案C2．用过去进行时表示过去将来时某些动词(如：go，start，come，leave，arrive，takeoff等)的过去进行时，可以表示过去将要发生的动作。【例47】—Myfatherwillbeheretomorrow.—Oh，Ithoughtthathe________today.A．wascoming B．iscomingC．willcome D．comes答案A十、将来完成时指将来某一时刻已完成的动作。常用于将来完成时的时间状语有：bythetime，bytheendof，by等。【例48】BythetimeJanegetshome，heraunt________forLondontoattendameeting.A．willleave B．leavesC．willhaveleft D．left答案C十一、时态呼应时态呼应是指从句谓语动词的时态受主句谓语动词时态的制约。时态呼应的两个特点：(1)当主句的谓语动词为现在时态时，从句谓语动词不受限制。(2)当主句谓语动词为过去时态时，从句谓语动词要与其保持一致，即用相应的过去时态。【例49】IknowthatJane________forLondonlastweekand________bebackuntilnextSunday.A．hadleft；won'tB．left；won'tC．wasleaving；willD．left；will答案B【例50】Theoldmantoldmethathe________inthecityfor50years.A．haslivedB．waslivingC．hadlivedD．willlive答案C注：当从句表示的是一个永恒的真理或表明一个人或东西的经常性特点时，可以不受主句谓语动词时态的约束。【例51】WhenIwasfiveyearsold，mymother________methattheearth________roundthesun.A．told；goes B．hadtold；goesC．told；went D．hadtold；went答案A【例52】Didhesaythetrain________at6：45?A．willleave B．hadleftC．hasleft D．leaves答案D动词语态一、定义与用法英语的语态分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态则表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态由“be/get＋过去分词”构成。【例1】Thiscoastalarea________anationalwildlifereservelastyear. (2010·湖南)A．wasnamed B．namedC．isnamed D．names答案A【例2】Thisoldbookcase________whenwemovedit.A．damaged B．hasdamagedC．gotdamaged D．wasbeingdamaged答案C二、两种特殊的被动语态1．双宾语动词的被动语态英语中有些动词可以有两个宾语，如：give，buy，bring，show，pass，offer，lend，leave，tell，write，sing，teach等，这些动词用于被动结构时，可以将其中任何一个宾语变为主语，而另一个宾语仍保留在谓语后面。如：Heboughtmemanybooks.→Iwasboughtmanybooks.或Manybookswereboughtforme.【例3】I________tenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldrejecttheoffer.A．gave B．wasgivenC．wasgiving D．hadgiven答案B2．短语动词的被动语态短语动词是由“动词＋介词”，“动词＋名词＋介词”等结构构成的动词短语，在被动语态结构中，不能漏掉其后的介词。【例4】—WhydoesLinglinglooksounhappy?—She________byherclassmates.A．haslaughed B．haslaughedatC．hasbeenlaughed D．hasbeenlaughedat答案D三、主动表被动的若干情形1．系动词(如look，sound，smell，feel，taste，prove等)要用主动表被动。【例5】Althoughalloftheapples________，noneofthem________good.A．havebeentasted；tasteB．havebeentasted；aretastedC．havetasted；taste D．havetasted；aretasted答案A2．英语中有些动词如：open，close，shut，lock，move，read，wash，clean，cook，cut，wear，carry等，当主语是物，且又表示主语的特征和状态时，要用主动形式表被动含义。【例6】Thestockings________easily.A．tear B．aretornC．tearing D．arebeingtorn答案A【例7】Beingpopularwithcustomers，theproducts________wellandmaybe________intwomonths.A．sell；sellout B．aresold；selloutC．sell；willbesoldout D．aresold；willbesoldout答案C3．不定式toblame用作表语，通常用主动表被动。【例8】Thepolicyispartly________forcausingtheworstunemploymentinEurope.A．tobeblamed B．toblameC．beingblamed D．blaming答案B4．“主语＋be＋形容词＋todo”结构中的不定式通常要用主动形式表示被动意义。这类形容词常见的有：convenient，comfortable，dangerous，difficult，hard，easy，impossible，interesting，nice，pleasant，safe，tough，tricky，unpleasant等。【例9】Thechairlooksratherhard，butinfactitisverycomfortable________.A．tosit B．tositonC．tobesaton D．forsitting答案B【例10】Alotofpeoplefindmodernartveryhard________.A．understood B．tobeunderstoodC．tounderstand D．beingunderstood答案C5．不定式用于某些动词(如：have[有]，get，want，need等)的宾语后作定语时，如果不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。【例11】Ihavesomeclothes________now，soIcan'tgoouttoplay.A．towash B．tobewashedC．washing D．beingwashed答案A注：若不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，则应用被动式。【例12】Sir，doyouhavesomething________？I'mfreenow.A．totype B．typingC．tobetyped D．tohavetyped答案C6．在“with＋宾语＋不定式”结构中，不定式表示将来的动作，且其逻辑主语是句子的主语，该不定式常用主动表被动。【例13】Withsomanydifficultproblems________，Idon'tknowifI'llhavetimetogocampingwithmyfriendsthisweekend.A．tosettle B．settledC．tobesettled D．havet