阅读理解5（例子题观点题检查与蒙题大法） 【思维导图+ 体系建构+迁移运用】 高中英语语法 满分突破与题型巩固拓展

思维导图破解高中英语

第25讲例子题，观点题，检查与蒙题大法学霸推荐例子题，观点题，检查与蒙题大法高中阅读理解优秀同龄人的陪伴让你的青春少走弯路使用说明-内容说明阅读理解1.例子题2.推断题3.检查与蒙题大法CONTENTS12构建知识图利用导图解题3复习练习构建思维导图帮你快速了解本节课主题，清楚注意事项，对学习收获了然于心PART1DREAMOFTHEFUTURE思维导图体系例子题、推断题、检查与蒙题大法的基础知识PART2DREAMOFTHEFUTURE（一）例子题1、例子题的判断方法作者提及或引用这个例子，想说明什么,想证明什么？作者为什么提到......说到......核心词：example，illustrate，mention...show，cite2、例子题解题技巧【解题原理】论据证明论点（即例子证明中心），找到这个例子的论点就是正确答案了。例子题解题方法

“位置尝试法”：根据例子的起始位置，找答案（即论点）的位置。第1步：判断例子的起始位置。（例子是一句话，几句话，甚至一整段，都有可能。）第2步：判断答案的位置。①首先在例子的前1句和后1句找。（翻译这两个句子，如果是答案，就看选项做题，如果不是，扩大搜索范围，看第②步）【注意】由于例子的起始位置不同，找到的例子的前1句和后1句，可能会跑到前一段或后一段了，这是允许的。②找例子所在段落或相邻段落的中心句。（然后选答案）③如果段落中心句不好用，就直接看整文章的主旨。（然后选答案）2018北京卷MyFirstMarathon（马拉松）Irememberbacktomy7thyearinschool.InmyfirstP.E.class,theteacherrequiredustorunlapsandthenhitasoftball.Ididn'tdoeitherwell.HelaterinformedmethatIwas"notathletic".

TheideathatIwas"notathletic"stuckwithmeforyears.WhenIstartedrunninginmy30s.Irealizedrunningwasabattleagainstmyself,notaboutcompetitionorwhetherornotIwasathletic.Itwasallaboutthebattleagainstmyownbodyandmind.Atestofwills!WhydidtheauthormentiontheP.E.classinhis7thyear?A.Toacknowledgethesupportofhisteacher.B.Toamusethereaderswithafunnystory.C.Toshowhewasnottalentedinsports.D.Toshareapreciousmemory.2018浙江卷In1870,whenDickensdied,theworldmournedhimasitsfirstprofessionalwriterandpublisher,famousandbeloved,whohadledanexplosioninboththepublicationofnovelsandtheirreadershipandwhosecharacters—fromOliverTwisttoTinyTim—wereheldupasmoraltouchstones.TodayDickens'greatnessisunchallenged.

Removinghimfromthepantheon（名人堂）ofEnglishliteraturewouldmakeaboutasmuchsenseastheLouvresellingofftheMonaLisa.

HowdidDickensgettothetop?Forallthefeelingsreadersattachtostories,literatureisanumbersgame,andthetestoftimeisextremelydifficulttopass.

DickensiscomparedwiththeMonaLisainthetexttostress

.A.hisreputationinFranceB.hisinterestinmodernartC.hissuccessinpublicationD.hisimportanceinliterature（二）观点题1、观点态度题的判定常问作者对某事是什么态度：主观（subjective）还是客观（objecfive）;肯定（positive）还是否定（negative）;赞成（approval）还是反对（oppsition）等等。观点态度题的两种考法情况一：对主题的观点态度情况二：对具体某事物的观点态度（1）情况一：对主题的观点态度（☆☆☆☆☆）如：（2017全国2卷）Whatisthegovernment’sattitudetothedevelopmentoftheflyingcar?A.CautiousB.Favorable.C.Ambiguous.D.Disapproving.方法：用主旨题的方法。①文章主旨快速定位：最后一段中心句or最后一段最后一句。②通过形容词、副词或动词，情态动词等，确定作者的态度（2）情况二：对具体某事物的观点态度如：（2018天津卷）Howdidtheauthorfeelaboutbeingstaredatbythepeopleinthehall?A.Puzzled. B.Concerned. C.Frightened. D.Delighted.方法：用细节题的方法。①题干定位②文中定位③分析选项，确定答案3、观点态度题的干扰选项在历年的态度题中，当提到作者的态度时候，下列的观点往往扮演着干扰选项的作用。可以快速排除。不感兴趣类：uninterested、unconcerned、indifferent、uncaring不知所措类：confused、puzzled主观偏激类：biased、prejudice、subjective【注意】仅限于对文章主题的观点态度。【原因】作者既然已经对这个主题进行了叙述，作者不可能认为自己是“偏激的”，是“不知所措的”，既然叙述了这个主题，也绝对不可能是“不感兴趣”。2017年全国三卷

Afteryearsofheateddebate,graywolveswerereintroducedtoYellowstoneNationalPark.FourteenwolveswerecaughtinCanadaandtransportedtothepark.Bylastyear,theYellowstonewolfpopulationhadgrowntomorethan170wolves.GraywolvesoncewereseenhereandthereintheYellowstoneareaandmuchofthecontinentalUnitedStates,buttheyweregradually

displaced

byhumandevelopment.Bythe1920s,wolveshadpracticallydisappearedfromtheYellowstonearea.TheywentfarthernorthintothedeepforestsofCanada,wheretherewerefewerhumansaround.

Thedisappearanceofthewolveshadmanyunexpectedresults.Deerandelkpopulations—majorfoodsources（来源）forthewolf—

grewrapidly.Theseanimalsconsumedlargeamountsofvegetation（植被）,whichreducedplantdiversityinthepark.Intheabsenceofwolves,coyotepopulationsalsogrewquickly.Thecoyoteskilledalargepercentageofthepark'sredfoxes,andcompletelydroveawaythepark'sbeavers.

Asearlyas1966,biologistsaskedthegovernmenttoconsiderreintroducingwolvestoYellowstonePark.Theyhopedthatwolveswouldbeabletocontroltheelkandcoyoteproblems.Manyfarmersopposedtheplanbecausetheyfearedthatwolveswouldkilltheirfarmanimalsorpets.Thegovernmentspentnearly30yearscomingupwithaplantoreintroducethewolves.TheU.S.FishandWildlifeServicecarefullymonitorsandmanagesthewolfpacksinYellowstone.Today,thedebatecontinuesoverhowwellthegraywolfisfittinginatYellowstone.Elk,deer,andcoyotepopulationsaredown,whilebeaversandredfoxeshavemadeacomeback.TheYellowstonewolfprojecthasbeenavaluableexperimenttohelpbiologistsdecidewhethertoreintroducewolvestootherpartsofthecountryaswell.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheYellowstonewolfproject?A.Doubtful. B.Positive.C.Disapproving. D.Uncaring.（三）检查与蒙题大法检查的错误做法：重新读一遍文章。出现“对的答案，后来改错了”的概率大。检查的正确做法：立即检查或者跳出文章检查。检查与蒙题大法的正确观念1.会做的题目用这些方法检查。检查效率和正确率会大大提高。（即用常规方法解题，用检查大法来检查答案。）2.不会做题目用来蒙题，至少比瞎蒙强。3.这些方法往往只能排除选项，而不能一步到位得到正确选项。4.这些方法如果能叠加使用，正确率也会提高。5.提高对选项的“敏感度”，是使用这些方法的关键。1、情态动词①绝对词否决法：答案项中有绝对语气词的一般不是正确答案项。这些语气词有:must,always,never,themost,all,only,haveto,any,no,very,completely,none,hardly等。②选项中含有不十分肯定的语气词一般是正确答案项。这些语气词有can,could,may,should,usually,might,most(大多数),moreorless,relatively,belikelyto,possible,whetheror,notnecessarily等。2018全国二卷C篇Whydomanyparentslimitelectronicreading?A.E-booksareofpoorquality. B.Itcouldbeawasteoftime.C.Itmayharmchildren’shealth. D.E-readersareexpensive.BC选项中有情态动词，正确答案指B或C中选。2、价值观问题。（立德树人）2018全国二卷C篇Howshouldparentsencouragetheirchildrentoreadmore?A.Actasrolemodelsforthem.B.Askthentowritebookreports.C.Setupreadinggroupsforthem.D.Talkwiththeirreadingclassteachers.根据价值观——立德树人，选项D是可以排除的，选项A的可能性最大。3、联锁答案检查法2017年全国三卷D篇32.WhatisthepurposeoftheDrivelAB?A.Toexplorenewmeansoftransport.B.Todesignnewtypesofcars.C.Tofindoutolderdriver`sproblems.D.Toteachpeopletrafficrules.33.WhyisdrivingimportantforolderpeopleaccordingtoPhilBlythe?34.Whatdoresearchershopetodoforolderdrivers?35.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.AnewModelElectricCar B.ASolutiontoTrafficProblemC.DrivingServiceforelders D.KeepingOlderDriversontheRoad分析：根据33和34题，都反复提到了oldpeople和olderdrivers，以及driving和driver可以推测，本文章的主题与“车、老人”有关。所以，35题可以在C、D中选择。反过来，再看32题，答案C的可能性最大，因为包含了这两个因素。4、反义选项二选一2018年北京卷A篇A

month

before

the

marathon,

the

author____________.A.

was

well

trained B.

felt

scaredC.

made

up

his

mind

to

run D.

lost

hope分析：C“决心跑”就是还有希望，和D是“失去希望”，C和D是反义选项：二选一。根据“价值观”的出题原则，C的可能性最大。4、反义选项二选一2014福建卷D篇Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat____.A.anofficialreportwillsettletheenergyproblemB.thetwopartiesaredividedovertheissueofwindfarmsC.thetwopartieshaveagreedonafurthernegotiationD.politicalbeliefsconcerningenergyissuegoagainstfactsB和C是反义选项，二选一，B：两个政党有分歧，C：两个政党达成一致5、答案均布规律【全国卷15道题】4+4+4+3操作：如最后统计选项的个数，如果某个选项≥6个或7个，肯定有答案错了。6、答案相连概率①相邻两个答案完全相同的概率较低，即出现AA，BB，CC，DD。②相邻三个答案完全相同的概率为0，即出现AAA，BBB，CCC，DDD。定位句找不到怎么办？阅读理解80%题目出题点一、80%题目出题点中心句转折关系举例关系敏感词因果关系比较关系递进关系特殊符号转折关系：but,however等。敏感词：最高级、序数词等特殊符号：

破折号：两个破折号，中间不用读；一节破折号后面，80%出题点

冒号：后面有引号，没有结论，不用读；没有引号，80%出题点

括号：括号里面，80%出题点。如何优化自己读文章的过程同时寻找80%出题点，和定位标志，看见就标记。读完，如果有定位标志，定位为准。如果无定位标志，参考80%出题点。2017江苏卷

Butthereiscauseforconcern.Theinternethasmadedataabundant,all-presentandfarmorevaluable,changingthenatureofdataandcompetition.Googleinitiallyusedthedatacollectedfromuserstotargetadvertisingbetter.Butrecentlyithasdiscoveredthatdatacanbeturnedintonewservices:translationandvisualrecognition,tobesoldtoothercompanies.Internetcompanies’controlofdatagivesthemenormouspower.Sotheyhavea“God’seyeview”ofactivitiesintheirownmarketsandbeyond.WhatdoesthetechnologicalinnovationinParagraph3indicate?A.Datagiants’technologyisveryexpensiveB.Google’sideaispopularamongdatafirmsC.Datacanstrengthengiants’controllingpositionD.Datacanbeturnedintonewservicesorproductss80%出题点阅读理解单词不认识怎么办？1、文中单词不认识①动词不认识：翻译成“搞、整、弄、干”②名词不认识：翻译成“东西”③形容词、副词不认识：直接划掉（这3个必须认识，否定词hardly/rarely/seldom几乎不）2、题干上或选项中的单词不认识

利用检查大法中的技巧蒙题；利用各种题型中排除法，如句子题中月亮技巧。PART3DREAMOFTHEFUTURE利用知识点导图来解题高考真题12018北京卷PreparingCitiesforRobotCars

（第1段）Thepossibilityofself-drivingrobotcarshasoftenseemedlikeafuturist'sdream,yearsawayfrommaterializingintherealworld.Well,thefutureisapparentlynow..........

（最后1段）Policymakersshouldstartthinkingnowabouthowtomakesuretheappearanceof

driverlessvehiclesdoesn't

extendtheworstaspectsofthecar-controlledtransportationsystemwehavetoday.Thecomingtechnologicaladvancementpresentsachanceforcitiesandsatestodeveloptransportationsystemsdesignedtomovemorepeople,andmoreaffordably.Thecarofthefutureiscoming.Wejusthavetoplanforit.50.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothefutureofself-drivingcars?A.Doubtful. B.Positive. C.Disapproving. D.Sympathetic.答案1观点态度题。本题考查作者对于未来无人驾驶的态度，属于主旨推理题目。考生可以根据文章整体结构加以把握，包含文章题目"preparingcitiesforrobotcars"（为无人驾驶做好准备），文章第三段大量篇幅阐述无人驾驶的优势，以及文章末尾第二句"Thecomingtechnologicaladvancementpresentsachanceforcitiesandstates…"（即将到来的技术进度为城市和各个州带来机会…）。可知，作者对未来十分憧憬。故选B。高考真题22017全国二卷C篇【倒数第2段】Inventorshavebeentryingtomakeflyingcarssincethe1930s,accordingtoRobertMann,anairlineindustryexpert.ButMannthinksTerrafugiahascomecloserthananyonetomakingtheflyingcarareality.Thegovemmenthasalreadypermittedthecompanytousespecialmaterialstomakeiteasierforthevehicletofly.TheTransitionisnowgoingthroughcrashteststomakesureitmeetsfederalsafetystandards.【倒数第1段】MannsaidTerrafugiawashelpedbytheFederalAviationAdministration'sdecisionfiveyearsagotocreateaseparatesetofstandardsforlightsportaircraft,whicharelowerthanthosepilotsoflargerplanesTerrafugiasaysanownerwouldneedtopassatestandcomplete20hoursofflyingtimetobeabletoflytheTransition,arequirementpilotswouldfindredativelyeasytomeet.Whatisthegovernment'sattitudetothedevelopmentoftheflyingcar?A.CautiousB.Favorable.C.Ambiguous.D.Disapproving.答案2观点态度题。根据第三段"Thegovernmenthasalreadypermittedthecompanytousespecialmaterialstomakeiteasierforthevehicletofly."中的permit可知，政府对此持支持的态度故选B项。高考真题32018江苏卷C篇Forexample,taketheQuickCutGreensHarvester,atooldevelopedjustacoupleofyearsagobyayoungfarmer,JonathanDysinger,inTennessee,withasmallloanfromalocalSlowMoneygroup.Itenablessmall-scalefarmerstoharvest175poundsofgreenvegetablesperhour—ahugeimprovementoverharvestingjustafewdozenpoundsbyhand—suddenlymakingitpossibleforthelittleguystocompetewithlargefarmsofCalifornia.Beforethetoolcameout,smallfarmerscouldn’ttouchthepriceperpoundofferedbyCaliforniafarms.Butnow,