【公开课课件】高中英语语法：不定式

InfinitiveDoyoubelieveIcanflylikeabird?HowcanyoubelieveIcanflylikeabird?_______istobelieve.It’simpossibleforhumans_________________now.Toseetoflylikeabird结构

:todo;(否定)nottodo二.时态与语态

不定式

主动语态

被动语态

一般式

进行式

完成式完成进行式

todo

tobedone

tobedoing

tohavedone

tohavebeendone

tohavebeendoing--------------------(1).Theypretendednottoseeus.(2).Hepretendedtobesleeping.(一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/几乎同时/发生在它之后.)(进行式表示在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行)(3).Shepretendedtohaveknownitbefore.(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前)(4).We’rehappytohavebeenworkingwithyou.(完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前,不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续)1.作主语2.作表语3.作宾语4.作定语5.作状语6.作宾语补足语(1).不定式作主语时,往往放在谓语之后,用it作形式主语.It’simportanttolearn.Toseeistobelieve.(2).不定式作表语Myjobistoteachstudents.主语是不定式时表语也必须是不定式。不定式作表语常表示预订要发生的动作和表示未来的可能性。当主语部分含有do时，表语可省略to。Helikesto______________.(3)不定式作宾语playbasketball常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：agree,afford,appear,ask,attempt；care,choose,claim；dare,decide,demand,deserve,determine；expect,fail,get,guarantee；hate,hesitate,hope,hurry；intend,learn,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise；refuse,seem,tend,threaten；want,wish等+todo。Ihavesomethingtosay,butmybrotherhasalotofhomework______,soIamlookingforsomeone__________.(4).不定式作定语todototalkwith1.不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面，而且放在其他后置定语之后。2.当谓语是一些特定的动词，如find,give,get,have,need,want等时，后面的名词可用不定式修饰。3.当名词有特定的定语，如first,last,next,only等序数词以及形容词的最高级修饰时，用不定式修饰。4.作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。

Heislookingforaroomtolivein.5.不定式所修饰的名词如果是time,place或way，不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去。

Hehadnomoneyandnoplacetolivein.6.something,anything,nothing,everything等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。注意比较：1)Doyouhaveanythingtosend?

你有什么东西要寄吗？2)Doyouhaveanythingtobesent?

你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？

（不定式tosend的动作执行者是you）（不定式tobesent的动作执行者是已被省略的me或someoneelse）Theteachertoldmeto_________________.

Iexpectyouto___________________.

(5).不定式作宾补handinmypaperstogivemesomehelp引导不定式作宾补的动词：Warn,tell,allow,help,ask,force等+sbtodosth五看

watchsee

lookat

observe

notice三使

let

make

have

二听

listento

hear一感觉:

feel+sbdosth（省略to）Imadehimdohiswork.Hewasmadetodohiswork(byme).变成被动，被省略的to要还原。不定式用在介词but,except,besides后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带to.(1).Shecoulddonothingbutcry.(2).Ihavenochoicebuttogo.Note1Note2Igotupearlytocatchthetrain.(6)不定式作状语soasto,enough+n.+to,n./adj./adv.enough+todotoo….to.,a.不定式作目的状语b.不定式作结果状语Hehurriedtotheschooltofindnobodythere.c.不定式作原因状语Theyjumpedwithjoytohearthenews.d.不定式作方式状语Heraisedhishandasiftotakeoffhishat.Exercise1.Thepatientwaswarned____oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating2.Iwouldlove____tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone3.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered____thefirstcomputer.A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented4.LittleJimshouldlove____tothetheatrethisevening.A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking5.____lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingsleep6.Theteacheraskedus____somuchnoise.A.don’tmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomake7.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade____.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learned D.learning8.ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows____.itwhattodowithB.whattodowithitC.whattodoitwithD.todowhatwithit10.Robertissaid____abroad,butIdon’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying11.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,____itmoredifficult.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.don’tm