【课件】新人教版选择性必修第四册同步课时强化训练课件 Unit 1 Grammar-Review of the passive voice

ScienceFictionUnit1

PeriodThree

Grammar—Reviewofthepassivevoice达标检测当堂检测基础达标演练语法导学感悟规律重点难点剖析内容索引感知以下课文原句，补全方框下的小题1.ItwasgoingtobetestedoutbyLarry’swife，Claire.2.Larrypersuadedherthattherobotwouldn’tharmherorallowhertobeharmed.3.Nowshewasbeinglookedafterbyarobotthatlookedsohuman.4.Ashewasnotallowedtoaccompanyhertotheshops...语法感知语法导学感悟规律重点难点剖析1.以上句子中都使用了被动语态，句1为

的被动语态；句3为

的被动语态；句4为

的被动语态。2.句2为不定式的被动语态，tobeharmed作allow的

。过去将来时过去进行时一般过去时宾语补足语一、语态概述英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示句子主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示句子主语是动作的承受者。被动语态的句子谓语动词的形式是“be＋动词的过去分词”。一般来讲，只有及物动词才有被动语态。有时被动语态中动作的执行者用by短语表示出来。语法精析二、被动语态的用法下面几种情况一般用被动语态1.不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者时。Themeetinghasbeenputoffforsomereason.会议已因故被推迟了。2.强调动作的承受者时，需要说出动作的执行者，用by短语表示出来。Aspecialclasstohelppoorreaderswassetupbyanexpertintheschool.学校的一位专家开办了一个帮助阅读困难者的特别班。3.出于礼貌避免说出动作的执行者时。Everyoneisexpectedtoobeythefollowingrules.希望大家遵守以下规定。三、各种时态的被动语态项目一般时态进行时态完成时态现在am/is/aredoneam/is/arebeingdonehas/havebeendone过去was/weredonewas/werebeingdonehadbeendone将来shall/willbedone无shall/willhavebeendone1.Youareinvitedtomakeaspeechinourschool.邀请您去我们学校作一个演讲。2.Anewbikewasboughtformebymyparentsasagiftlastweek.上星期父母给我买了一辆新自行车作为礼物。3.Itissaidthatthemeetingwillbeheldat8∶00a.m.tomorrow.据说会议将于明天上午8点举行。4.Hewasbeingpunishedforbeinglatebytheheadteacher.他因迟到而正受到班主任的惩罚。5.Thelifeofthemiludeerisbeingstudiedbyspecialistsatpresent.目前专家正在研究麋鹿的生活。6.Thebookhasbeentranslatedintothirtylanguagessinceitcameonthemarketin1973.这本书自1973年上市以来已被译成30种语言。7.Theyhadbeenwarnedmanytimesbeforetheycarriedouttheplan.在执行这项计划之前，他们已经被警告过多次了。8.Theworkwillhavebeenfinishedbytheendofnextmonth.到下个月末，这项工作将要被完成。四、各种时态的被动语态中的特殊情况1.否定词not的位置：在第一个助动词或情态动词之后。Hewasextremelydisappointedtohearthathewouldnotbegivenadoctor’sdegree.听到不会获得博士学位，他沮丧到了极点。2.主动句的谓语动词带有复合宾语时，应将宾语变成被动句的主语，而将宾语补足语保留不动(这时的宾语补足语变为主语补足语)。(1)Wesawhimsittingtherewithoutdoinganything.→Hewasseensittingtherewithoutdoinganything.我们看见他坐在那儿，什么也没做。(2)Hiswordsmademethrowup.→Iwasmadetothrowupbyhiswords.他的话令我作呕。[名师点津]在主动语态中，make，hear，see等词后接不定式时要省略to，但转换为被动语态时，则不能省略to。3.带双宾语的动词作谓语的主动句转换为被动句时，可将表示物的(直接)宾语变为主语，用for或to引出表示人的(间接)宾语，或将表示人的(间接)宾语变为主语。Myfatheristellingmeaninterestingstorynow.→Aninterestingstoryisbeingtoldtomebymyfathernow.→I’mbeingtoldaninterestingstorybymyfathernow.爸爸正在给我讲一个有趣的故事。4.动词短语在主动结构中是不可分割的，在被动结构中也是如此，不可去掉后面的介词或副词。Theoldmanwasoftenlaughedat.那位老人经常被人嘲笑。5.主动形式表示被动意义(1)连系动词(如look，sound，smell，feel，taste，remain，seem，hear，appear，prove等)后接表语时，一般用主动形式表示被动意义。Thefoodtastesdelicious.这种食物尝起来美味可口。Whathesaidatthemeetingsoundedencouraging.他在会上说的话听起来令人备受鼓舞。(2)当wash，write，sell，open，close，shut，lock，cook等不及物动词后加副词(easily，well等)时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。Thiskindofclothwasheseasilyandlastslong.这种布料很容易洗，并且耐穿。Thepenmyfathergavemeasabirthdaygiftwritessmoothly.父亲给我的作为生日礼物的钢笔写起来很流畅。(3)need，want，require，deserve等＋doing用主动形式表示被动意义。Hishairneedscutting.→Hishairneedstobecut.他的头发需要剪了。(4)beworthdoing→beworthytobedone主动形式表被动意义。Thenovelisworth

readingagain.→Thenovelisworthytobereadagain.这部小说值得再读一次。五、动词不定式的被动语态1.动词不定式的被动语态由“to＋be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成，当动词不定式所表示的动作与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系时，要用动词不定式的被动式。动词不定式的被动式只有一般式和完成式。Iamveryhappytobethuspraised.受到如此褒奖我非常高兴。Theroomseemstohavebeenbrokeninto.似乎有人闯进过这间房子。Theboywaspleasedtobetakentothezoo.男孩很高兴被带去动物园。Thejewelseemedtohavebeenstolenbysomeone.珠宝似乎被某人偷走了。2.动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义的情况(1)动词不定式与被修饰的名词或代词之间有逻辑上的被动关系，且与句中另一名词或代词之间有逻辑上的主动关系时。Thepooroldmanonlyhasaverysmallroomtolivein.那位可怜的老人只有一间很小的房间住。(2)动词不定式跟在性质形容词后，与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系时。Itissaidthattheseapplesaregoodtoeat.据说这些苹果很好吃。(3)某些动词(如blame，let等)的不定式用在be后作表语时，用主动形式表示被动意义。Thepolicethoughtthatthecarelessdriverwastoblamefortheaccident.警察认为事故应归咎于粗心的司机。(4)动词不定式与疑问词连用时。Withsomanybooksonhand，Tomhadnoideawhichbooktoreadfirst.手头有那么多的书，汤姆不知道应该先读哪一本。返回Ⅰ.句型转换(变为被动语态)达标检测当堂检测基础达标演练1.Heplantsmanytreeseveryyear.→_____________________________________2.HehasreadmanyarticlesbyLuXun.→___________________________________________3.Shewillfinishthetaskinadayortwo.→__________________________________________4.Shesaidthatshewouldfinishthetaskinadayortwo.→________________________________________________Manytreesareplantedbyhimeveryyear.ManyarticlesbyLuXunhavebeenreadbyhim.Thetaskwillbefinishedbyherinadayortwo.Shesaidthatthetaskwouldbefinishedinadayortwo.5.TheywerecleaningtheclassroomwhenIwasthere.→_____________________________________________6.Thenewcoupleboughtthefurnituretheotherday.→___________________________________________________7.Theexpertsarediscussingtheproblematthemeeting.→_____________________________________________________8.Hehadlefthiskeysbeforehecametomyplace.→__________________________________________________TheclassroomwasbeingcleanedwhenIwasthere.Thefurniturewasboughtbythenewcoupletheotherday.Theproblemisbeingdiscussedbytheexpertsatthemeeting.Hiskeyshadbeenleftbyhimbeforehecametomyplace.Ⅱ.语法填空

InAlaska，thewolfalmost9.

(disappear)afewyearsago，becausehunters10.

(kill)hundredsofthemforsport.However，laws11.

(establish)toprotectthewolvesfromsportsmenandpeoplewhocaughttheanimalsfortheirfur.Sothewolfpopulationhasgreatlyincreased.Nowtherearesomanywolvesthatthey12.

(destroy)theirownfoodsupply.disappearedkilledwereestablishedaredestroyingAwolfnaturallyeatsanimalsinthedeerfamily.Peopleinthewildernessalsohuntdeerforfood.Manyoftheanimals13.

(destroy)bytheverycoldwintersrecentlyandbychangesinthewildernessplantlife.Whenthedeercan’tfindenoughfood，they14.